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The Mind: It'S Works As It Functions
The Mind: It'S Works As It Functions
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Outline
01 Overview
02 Sequential Method
04 Assessment of Workload
Overview
•Right
Hemisphere
•Left
Hemisphere
Lobes
of the
Brain
SPINAL CORD
• the extension of the brain and
many aspects of human
behavior are organized and
integrated within it as well
• Is the relay station of the
sensory information from and
goes to the brain
Division
of the
Spinal
Cord
REFLEXES
- is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in
response to a stimulus.
3.6
RESPONDING TO STIMULI
3.4.
SIGNAL
LOOP
THE HUMAN AS SIGNAL PROCESSOR
ENERGY INPUT SIDE
ENERGY OUTPUT SIDE
3.5.
ERGONOMIC
USES OF
NERVOUS
SIGNALS
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
(EEG)
ELECTROMYOGRAM
(EMG)
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
IMAGINING (MRI)
3.6.
RESPONDING
STIMULI
APPROXIMATE MINIMAL
REACTION TIME
• A person knows that a particular stimulus • One stimulus out of several possible
will occur, is prepared for it, and knows stimuli occurs, or if a person has to
how to react. choose among several possible reaction.
• Its duration depends on modality and
intensity of the stimulus.
MOTION TIME
• Motion time concerns to the time taken in doing a specific task
by executing movements. Small, simple or complex movements
has their different motion time because it depends to the
distance covered and on the precision required.
RESPONSE TIME
• According to Cambridge dictionary, response time is the amount of
time that a person or a system takes to react or to deal with specific
order or service.
• Response time occurs when motion time is already given.
MENTAL WORKLOAD
The assessment of workload, whether psychological or physical, commonly
relies on the “resource construct”, meaning that there is a given (measurable)
quantity of capability and attitude available, of which a certain percentage is
demanded by the job.
In accordance with this concept, one should obviously avoid any condition in
which more is demanded from the operator than can be given.
MEASURING WORKLOAD
Workload is empirically assessed using four different approaches:
• Objective Measures of Primary-Tasks Performance
• Objective Measures of Secondary-Tasks Performance
• Physiological events
• Subjective Assessments
MEASURES OF WORKLOAD
• People are different, and individuals differ from each other in their capacities to perform tasks.
Thus, the workload imposed by a given task differs from person to person. Further, the workload
may depend on the temporal state of an individual for instance, to the person’s training, fatigue,
and motivation.
1. Measuring Primary-Task Performance by observing how non critical components of the primary
task are performed.
2. Measuring Secondary-Task Performance to be assessed to measure workload by the following:
• Simple Reaction time
• Choice Reaction time
• Tracking
• Monitoring of the Occurrence of Stimuli
• Short –Term Memory Tasks
• Mathematics, Shadowing, Time estimations where subjects estimate time passed, Time
estimations where subject indicates sequence of regular time intervals by motor activity
STRESS ON THE INDIVIDUAL
Understanding people’s capabilities and developing job demands and
conditions that are match to those capabilities is the main focus of
ergonomist. Considering the attributes and conditions of work helps us
understand proper stress-strain relationships and reduce the risk of
particular occupational overload conditions.
JOB STRESS
Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses
that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities,
resources, or needs of the worker. Job stress can lead to poor health and even
injury.
The concept of job stress is often confused with challenge, but these
concepts are not the same. Challenge energizes us psychologically and
physically, and it motivates us to learn new skills and master our jobs.
MONOTONY
• Is the opposite of variety, either of which can be perceived by an individual as
stressful. It is produced by an environment in which either there is no change or else
changes in a predictable or repetitive fashion over which the individual has little
control. A varied environment often provokes interest and the human emotion of
excitement; in contrast, an unvaried environment produces boredom and perceived
as a monotonous emotion.
MENTAL FATIGUE
Is the term used to describe a disinclination to continue a task due to
psychological factors. Mental exhaustion is usually the result of long-term stress.
When you’re continually dealing with things that activate your body’s stress
response, your cortisol levels remain high. Eventually, this begins to interfere with
normal body functions, such as digestion, sleep, and your immune system.
MATCHING DEMAND
TO CAPACITY
According to the U- theory , if the job demands are far
below the person’s abilities , an underload condition exists,
and on- the- job performance is most likely diminished.
Strain experienced by an Individuals
or Groups
Understanding people's capabilities and developing job
demands and condition that matched to those capabilities is
the main focus of the ergonomist. Consider the attributes
and conditions of work helps us understand proper-stress-
strain relationships and reduce risk of particular
occupational overload conditions. This occupational
overload, together with a person's behavior and mental and
physical attributes, constitute a primary source of variance
in explaining individual and organizational distress.
Occupational Health Psychology (OHP) is a field of
Occupational
psychology aimed atHealth
promotingPsychology
the safety, health, and well-
being of individuals at work. This includes identifying risk
factors for sickness, injury, or stress in the workplace, and
drawing up interventions at an individual and
organizational level.
Stress management is popular term that has been used
by psychologist in a variety of ways. The term
"management" implies that stress in felt to be
unavoidable component of living with which
individuals can learn to cope.
Stressor and hassle