UMEC008-DYNAMICS

OF MACHINERY
 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institution)

MODULE-1
Dynamic force analysis – Inertia force and Inertia torque– D Alembert’s principle –
Dynamic Analysis in reciprocating engines – Gas forces – Inertia effect of connecting rod–
Bearing loads– Crank shaft torque – Turning moment diagrams –Fly Wheels – Dynamics of
Cam follower mechanism

UMEC008-Dynamics of Machinery Mr.S.Boovendravarman/ Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering 2

 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institution)
Inertia Forces in a I.C Engine, Considering the Weight of Connecting Rod


  The mass of the connecting rod (mC) is divided into two masses. One of the mass is
placed at the crosshead pin P and the other at the crankpin C
The inertia force due to the mass at C acts radially outwards along the crank OC,
therefore the mass at C has no effect on the crankshaft torque.
The inertia force of the mass at P may be obtained as follows
mC = Mass of the connecting rod,
l = Length of the connecting rod,
l1= Length of the centre of gravity
of the connecting rod from P.
 Mass of the connecting rod at P,
= * mC

UMEC008-Dynamics of Machinery Mr.S.Boovendravarman/ Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering 3

 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institution)

UMEC008-Dynamics of Machinery Mr.S.Boovendravarman/ Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering 4

 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institution)
PC = Angular acceleration of the connecting rod PC
PC =  2 sin /n
The correcting torque T' may be applied to the system by two equal and opposite
forces FYacting through P and C

FY × PN = T' or FY = T '/PN
corresponding torque on the crankshaft,
T  FC  NOy

 T   NO/PN
NO = OC cos  = r cos 
PN = PC cos  = l cos 

UMEC008-Dynamics of Machinery Mr.S.Boovendravarman/ Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering 5

 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institution)

cos 
Tc  T '
n
cos 
Tc  mc  l 1(l  L)PC 
n

Tc  mc  l 1(l  L) 
2
sin  cos 
2

2n n

UMEC008-Dynamics of Machinery Mr.S.Boovendravarman/ Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering 6

 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institution)

UMEC008-Dynamics of Machinery Mr.S.Boovendravarman/ Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering 7

 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institution)
A vertical engine running at 1200 r.p.m. with a stroke of 110 mm, has a connecting rod 250 mm between centres and mass
1.25 kg. The mass centre of the connecting rod is 75 mm from the big end centre and when suspended as a pendulum from
the gudgeon pin axis makes 21 complete oscillations in 20 seconds.

1. Calculate the radius of gyration of the connecting rod about an axis through its mass centre.

2. When the crank is at 40° from the top dead centre and the piston is moving downwards,

Find analytically, the acceleration of the piston and the angular acceleration of the connecting rod. Hence find the inertia
torque exerted on the crankshaft. To make the two-mass system to be dynamically equivalent to the connecting rod,
necessary correction torque has to be applied and since the engine is vertical, gravity effects are to be considered.
Given :
N = 1200 r.p.m. or ω = 2π × 1200/60 = 125.7 rad/s ;
L = 110 mm or r = L/2 = 55 mm = 0.055 m ;
l = PC = 250 mm = 0.25 m ;
mC = 1.25 kg ;
CG = 75 mm = 0.075 m ;
θ = 40°

UMEC008-Dynamics of Machinery Mr.S.Boovendravarman/ Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering 8

 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institution)

UMEC008-Dynamics of Machinery Mr.S.Boovendravarman/ Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering 9

 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institution)

UMEC008-Dynamics of Machinery Mr.S.Boovendravarman/ Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering 10

 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institution)

UMEC008-Dynamics of Machinery Mr.S.Boovendravarman/ Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering 11

 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institution)

UMEC008-Dynamics of Machinery Mr.S.Boovendravarman/ Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering 12