Artificial Lift

Electric Submersible Pumps

ESP

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 Electric Submersible
Pumping System
Motor Control

Advantages
Vent Box

Produced
Hydrocarbons Out

Production
Tubing
High Volume and Depth
Capability
Pump
 Low Maintenance

Flat Cable  Minor Surface Equipment

Extension

Seal Section  Good in Deviated Wells

 Use for Well Testing

Motor

ARTIFICIAL LIFT SYSTEMS

© Weatherford. All rights reserved.
 Electric Submersible
Pumping System
Motor Control

Limitations
Vent Box

Produced
Hydrocarbons Out

Production
Tubing
 Available Electric Power
Pump
 Limited Adaptability to Major
Flat Cable
Changes in Reservoir
Extension
 Difficult to Repair In the Field
Seal Section

 Free Gas and/or Abrasives

 High Viscosity
Motor  Higher Pulling Costs

ARTIFICIAL LIFT SYSTEMS

© Weatherford. All rights reserved.
 Components of the TDH (total dynamic head)
Wellhead Pressure
Wellhead
3
Ground Level Flow

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2 Net Vertical Lift
Total Friction Loss

Producing Fluid Level

Pump Set Depth

Flow Flow
Net Vertical Lift

Wellhead
Flow
Ground Level
Note that the vertical lift only
depends on where the fluid
level is. 1

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From the Net Lift stand point, Net Vertical Lift
it makes no difference where
the pump is set.
Producing Fluid Level

Pump Set Depth

Flow Flow
Net Vertical Lift
Wellhead

Ground Level

Note that even

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though the pump is much Net Vertical Lift
lower, the net lift does not
change.

Producing Fluid Level

Pump Set Depth

Pump Set Depth

Flow Flow
 Net Lift Net Lift

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PFL

Regardless of
where the pump is
set, or the angle,
the vertical lift will
not change.
Total Dynamic Head - Net Vertical Lift

Example, we will assume we are given a fluid level of

4000 feet from surface (vertical distance).
Net Vertical Lift = 4000 ft

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Total Dynamic Head - Friction Losses

We have a total tubing length of 6500 feet and we want to

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produce 5000 bpd. We have both 2 7/8" tubing and 3.5"
tubing in stock. What will the friction be?
200

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First, find the flow
rate on the X axis and
move up to the correct
tubing

5000
 Friction Loss

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2-3/8” 2-7/8” 3-1/2”

7
3

5000
Total Dynamic Head - Friction Losses

Since we have 6500' of tubing:

For 3 1/2", Friction = 73*6.5 = 475 feet of loss

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If we can use 3 1/2" tubing, this will allow us to use a
smaller pump and motor which will reduce cost.
Total Dynamic Head - Wellhead Pressure
Wellhead pressure is sometimes called "Surface Pressure".

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 Total Dynamic Head - Wellhead
Pressure
Up to this point, we have been calculating everything in
terms of "feet". This is very convenient when sizing a
pump.

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For example, given:

Well head pressure = 200 psi

Water Cut (1.07 sp. Gr.)= 60%
Oil Cut 30 API = 40%
 Total Dynamic Head - Wellhead
Pressure
This is the equation to convert from psi to feet but we still need to
know the specific gravity.

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Wellhead Pressure*2.31
Wellhead "Feet" = ----------------------------------
sp.gr.
Total Dynamic Head - Wellhead Pressure

Sp.gr oil=141.5/131.5+API = 0.876

Sp.gr water = 1.07
Mixture = 1.07x 60% + 0,876x 40% =0.642+0.35 = 0.992

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200 psi *2.31 ft/psi
Wellhead "Feet" = ----------------------------- = 465 ft
0.992
 Total Dynamic Head
The TDH will be the sum of:

Net Lift,

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Friction Loss, and
Wellhead pressure.

Now will assume 2 7/8" tubing since it was in inventory:

 Total Dynamic Head
Wellhead Pressure = 465 feet
Wellhead 3

Ground Level Flow

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2 Net Vertical Lift
Total Friction Loss = 1300'

Producing Fluid Level

4000
Pump Set Depth +1300
+ 465
5,765 ft of TDH

Flow Flow
 Total Dynamic Head

So we would need to design a pump with enough stages to

produce 5765 feet of head.

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 Schlumberger Private
Pump Sizing Exercise
Say we are given the following:

Static Reservoir Pressure = 3550 psi

Flowing Wellbore Pressure = 2235 psi @ 3570 bpd
Perforations are at 7800 feet (vertical well)

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Casing size is 9 5/8" and Tubing will be 3 1/2"
Wellhead pressure will be 350 psi
Electrical Power will be 50 Hz
Fluid will be 75% water with a gravity of 1.08 and
25% oil with a gravity of 28 API

We want to size a pump to produce 8500 bpd

 Pump Sizing Exercise

What do we do now?

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It might be a good idea to see if the well is even
capable of producing 8500 bpd.
 Pump Sizing Exercise
From Darcy's law.

In this case, Pr = 3550 psi, Pwf = 2235 psi, and

Qo = 3570 bpd.

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qo
PI 
( P r  P wf )
 Pump Sizing Exercise
Substituting those values into our equation gives a
PI of 2.715. With this PI we can now find out what
the maximum possible flow rate from this well will
be. Remember that Qmax will occur when Pwf is

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drawn down to zero.

3570
PI = = 2.715
3550 - 2235
 Pump Sizing Exercise
We can rearrange our PI equation to solve for Qmax

Note that Qmax is greater than our target rate of 8500

bpd so the well is capable of producing the desired
flow.

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Q max = PI x (Pr - 0) = 2.715 x (3550 - 0)
or
Q max = 9638 bpd
Now let's find out what the flowing pressure, Pwf, will
be at the 8500 bpd flow rate.
 Pump Sizing Exercise
To do this we arrange the equation as follows:

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 Q
Pwf  r
P 0
PI
 Pump Sizing Exercise
Substituting in the appropriate numbers gives us a
flowing wellbore pressure of 419 psi at our desired
flow rate of 8500 bpd.

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8500
Pwf  psi
2.715
 Pump Sizing Exercise
Although we were interested in the flowing pressure
for a flow rate of 8500 bpd, we can use this equation
to calculate the flowing pressure for any flow rate
less than the Qmax of 9638 bpd.

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Pwf  Q 0 psi
2.715
 Pump Sizing Exercise

Use the equation below Flow-BPD Pwf - PSI

to fill out the table on 0
the right. 1000

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2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Q0 7000
Pwf 
2.715 8000
8500
9638
 Pump Sizing Exercise

Using this equation, Flow-BPD Pwf - PSI

you should come up 0 3550
with answers close to 1000 3181

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those shown. 2000 2813
3000 2445
4000 2077
5000 1708
6000 1340
Q0 7000 971
Pwf 
2.715 8000 603
8500 419
9638 0
 Pump Sizing Exercise

Let's make some

additions to our table, Flow-BPD Pint - PSI Pwh - PSI Pfriction - PSI
0 3331 350
we can fill out the rest
1000 2962 350

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of the friction column 2000 2594 350
in the same manner. 3000 2226 350
4000 1858 350
5000 1489 350
What is the friction 6000 1121 350
loss at zero flow? 7000 752 350
8000 384 350
8500 200 350 636
9044 0 350
 Pump Sizing Exercise

Using the friction chart

and our equations, Flow-BPD Pint - PSI Pwh - PSI Pfriction - PSI
0 3331 350 0
we should get
1000 2962 350 16

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answers similar to 2000 2594 350 42
those shown here. 3000 2226 350 95
4000 1858 350 163
5000 1489 350 245
6000 1121 350 327
7000 752 350 441
8000 384 350 587
8500 200 350 636
9044 0 350 702
 Pump Sizing Exercise

The last three columns give us the 3 components of tubing intake

pressure (in psi). We can add these together to get the actual
pressure. Let's do that to simplify the table.
Flow-BPD Pint - PSI Pwh - PSI Pfriction - PSI Pgravity - PSI

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0 3331 350 0 3265
1000 2962 350 16 3265
2000 2594 350 42 3265
3000 2226 350 95 3265
4000 1858 350 163 3265
5000 1489 350 245 3265
6000 1121 350 327 3265
7000 752 350 441 3265
8000 384 350 587 3265
8500 200 350 636 3265
9044 0 350 702 3265
 Pump Sizing Exercise
We now have 2 columns of
pressures. One column shows Flow-BPD Pint - PSI Pdis - PSI
what the Pump intake pressure 0 3331 3615
would be for a given flow rate and 1000 2962 3631

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the second shows what the pump 2000 2594 3657
discharge pressure would have to 3000 2226 3710
be to lift that fluid to the surface. 4000 1858 3778
5000 1489 3860
6000 1121 3942
7000 752 4056
8000 384 4202
8500 200 4251
9044 0 4317
 Pump Sizing Exercise
For one point in space, we have calculated two
different pressures -- one from the reservoir up and
another from the wellhead down.

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What does this mean?
 Pump Sizing Exercise
Let's look at the problem graphically. What this means is
that this system cannot exist. There is no flow rate at
which this system can produce fluid to the surface as it is.

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4000
Prequired
P
r 3000
e
s
2000
s Pavailable
u
r 1000
e

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Qo
 Pump Sizing Exercise
What would happen if these two lines actually crossed as
shown below?

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4000

P
r 3000
e
s
s 2000 Prequired
Pavailable
u
r 1000
e

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Qo
 Pump Sizing Exercise
If we were somehow able to supply some additional
pressure to this system to match the pressure
requirement, we should be able to get this system to
flow.

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This is exactly what a pump does.
 Pump Sizing Exercise
We can use our chart to show this pressure difference.
We can also use our table to calculate this pressure
difference.

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4000
Prequired
P
r 3000
e DP
s
2000
Required
s Pavailable
u
r 1000
e

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Qo
 Pump Sizing Exercise
Psys is the "total" system
pressure which we would have
to supply in order to get the well Flow-BPD Psys - PSI
to flow at a rate from 0 to 9044 0 284
bpd. 1000 669
2000 1063

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3000 1484
4000 1920
5000 2371
6000 2821
7000 3304
8000 3818
8500 4051
9044 4317
 2000 bpd Pump Sizing
• As an example, let's say we have a 9-5/8" casing well with
which we want to produce 2000 BPD. We are told that we

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will need a pump with a total lift of 1850 feet. We will
have 60 Hz power available.

What do we need to do?

 2000 bpd Pump Sizing
• We must review the curves in the catalog within the desired flow
rate.

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• Look in the catalog to see what pumps are available which will
produce 2000 bpd. For 60 Hz power, we will use the 3500 RPM
curves.

Note: If the power were 50 Hz, we would use the 2917 RPM curves.
 2000 bpd Pump Sizing
Pump Monel Shaft Shaft Recommended Capacity @ 60 Hz
3
Series - O.D. Type Max BHP Size ( BPD) (M /D)

DN280 44 0.50 100 - 450 16 - 72

D400 94 0.625 200 - 550 32 - 87
DN440 94 0.625 100 - 550 16 - 87
DN525 94 0.625 300 - 625 48 - 99
DN675 94 0.625 325 - 850 52 - 135
D950 125 0.687 600 - 1150 95 - 183
400 Series - O.D. 4.00 DN1000 125 0.687 700 - 1250 111 - 199
DN1100 125 0.687 600 - 1350 95 - 215

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DN1300 125 0.687 800 - 1600 127 - 254
D1400 125 0.687 900 - 1850 143 - 294
DN1750 125 0.687 1200 - 2050 191 - 326
DN1800 125 0.687 1200 - 2400 191 - 382
DN2150 125 0.687 1400 - 2600 223 - 413
DN3000 256 0.875 2000 - 3700 318 - 588
DN3100 256 0.875 2400 - 4000 382 - 636
DN4000 256 0.875 3400 - 5200 541 - 827

GN1600 256 0.875 1200 - 2000 191 - 318

GN2100 256 0.875 1650 - 2500 262 - 398
GN2500 256 0.875 1800 - 3100 286 - 493
G2700 256 0.875 2000 - 3400 318 - 541
513 Series O.D. 5.13 GN3200 256 0.875 2200 - 4150 350 - 660
GN4000 375 0.995 2500 - 5000 398 - 795
GN5200 375 1.00 3900 - 6600 620 - 1049
GN5600 375 1.00 4000 - 7500 636 - 1193
GN7000 375 1.00 5000 - 9000 795 - 1431
GN10000 637 1.187 7000 - 12000 1113 - 1908
 2000 bpd Pump Sizing

GN1600 - 60 Hz GN2100 - 60 Hz GN2500 - 60 Hz

Head in Feet Head in Feet

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Head in Feet
60 60 60

50 50 50

40 40 40

30 30 30

20 20 20

10 10 10

0 00 00 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Flow Rate - BPD Flow Rate - BPD Flow Rate - BPD
 2000 bpd Pump Sizing
• Note the head per stage is about 45 feet.

GN2100 - 60 Hz
Head in Feet

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60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Flow Rate - BPD
• We wanted a pump to give 1850 feet of head.

We now know the GN2100 we have chosen will provide 45

feet per stage.

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• 1850 feet
-------------- = 41 stages
45 ft/stage

This means we will need a 41 stage GN2100 to do the job