PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION

Unit 9
Secondary Education
Corse Code: 8624
B. Ed.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
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After study this unit you will be able to:

Define the education system of Pakistan at
secondary level.
Describe different types of Issues and problems
about secondary education in Pakistan.
Discuss the new trends in secondary education
common now around the globe.
 SECONDARY EDUCATION
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Secondary education consists of two years of

schooling (9th & 10th) after eight years of
elementary education (1st to 8th).
Secondary education is an important sub sector of
the entire education system. On the one hand, it
provides middle level workers for the economy and
on the other it acts as a feeder for the higher levels
of education (Shami, 2005).
 EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
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"The State shall provide free and compulsory

education to all children of the age of five to sixteen
years in such a manner as may be determined by
law" (Article 25A)
Commitment to Promote Education and Literacy in
the country by Education Policies.
MDGs and EFA Programmes are Global
commitments of Pakistan for the Promotion of
Literacy
TRENDS ISSUES PROBLEMS
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Trend - a general direction in which something tends

to move
Trend - a line leading to a place or point
Trend - a general tendency to change
Trends
 New things
Issues
 Un solved thing after discussion
Problems
 Solved thing after discussion
WHY PROBLEMS ARE NECESSARY TO
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BE SOLVED?????
 Problems stop you from doing something.
 Issues slow down your progress, or delays your work
EFA GOALS, VISION 2030
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 EFA GOALS, VISION 2030
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Vision 2030: One Curriculum & National Examination

System
Increase 2.7% of GDP to 5% by 2010 and 7% by 2015.
Re-introduction of Technical & Vocational Education in
last two years of Secondary Schools.
Increase in Vocational and Technical Education 25-30%
of Secondary Enrolment by 2015 and 50 per cent by
2030.
Quality Education in General and Scientific/ Technical
Education Particular.
 Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs)in 2000 UN9
summit for 2015
 MDGs GOAL 2 & 3
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Goal 2: Universal Primary Education (UPE) by 2015

By the year 2014: Increase in Enrollment of 3-16 year: Dropout rate decreased.
Net Primary Enrolment Rate
•(Punjab 62%, Sindh 52%, KPK 54% and in Balochistan45%)

Goal 3: Promoting Gender Equality and Women

Empowerment
Eliminating gender disparity by 2005 all levels of education not later than 2015
Literacy rate Male,71%, Female, 49% in 2020
Punjab Literacy Rate(Male 73% , Female 57%)
Sindh: (Male, 68%, Female 44%)
KPK:(Male 70%, Female 35%)
Balochistan,(Male 54%, Female 24%)
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The 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to transform our world:
GOAL 1: No Poverty
GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
GOAL 4: Quality Education
GOAL 5: Gender Equality
GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
GOAL 13: Climate Action
GOAL 14: Life Below Water
GOAL 15: Life on Land
GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal
 THE 17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
(SDGs)
GOAL 1: No Poverty
GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
GOAL 4: Quality Education
GOAL 5: Gender Equality
GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
GOAL 13: Climate Action
GOAL 14: Life Below Water
GOAL 15: Life on Land
GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
GOAL 17:  Partnerships to achieve the Goal
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SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
GOALS

GOAL 4:
Quality
Education
 PROBLEMS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
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Financial Problems
Political Interference
Social Recognition
Problem of Accommodation
Problem of Frequent Transfer
Lack of Professional Development
Staff Relations
Community Relations
School Politics
 ISSUES AND PROBLEMS OF
SECONDARY
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EDUCATION
Medium of Instruction
Non-availability of Audio Visual Aids
Burden of more classes
Lack of Physical and Learning Resources
Lack of Supervision
The Educational System Collapsed
Lack of proper planning
Social Constraints
Curriculum Issues
Issues of Textbooks
Diversification of Secondary Education
Technical Education
Flipped Learning
Issues
Cost of Education
War on Terror
Gender and Geographical Gaps
 SOLUTIONS
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Promotion of Education in Rural areas

•Get School buildings vacated occupied by feudal lords
•Efficient Vocational and Technical training
•Financial assistance by Provincial Education Departments
•Literacy Promotion through Regional cooperation
•Technical Education: Part of Secondary Education
•Incentives for Students to encourage Parents
•Role of local Government: Education and Literacy
•Eradication of Corruption from Education Department
•Career Counseling of Pupils with Parents’ meetings
 NEW TRENDS IN EDUCATION

Value Education
•Remote Learning
•Mind Mapping
•Big Data
Computer and Information Technology
•Gamification
•Digital Textbooks
•Social Media

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 TRENDS IN EDUCATION
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 School Choice
 School Violence
 Social Learning Theory
 Standards Movement
 Teacher Accountability
 Teacher as Researcher
 Technology in Teaching
 The Age of Litigation
 Education News
 Alternative Assessment
 Brain Research
 Character Education
 Collaboration
 Constructivism
 Teaching Licensing
 E – Transfer
 HRMS
 ISSUES IN EDUCATION
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Teaching Licensing  Free Education
 FTF
Medium of Instructions
 USE
Inclusive Education  9-16 years

Phonics vs Whole
Language

Standardized Testing

Evidence-Based Practices
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