Applied Nutrition

Weight Management: III

Subia Naz
Lecturer
ION&M, DUHS
 Objectives:
 Explain the concept of appropriate body
weight.
 Discuss the relationship of excess body
weight to the development of chronic
disease.
 Explain the concept of energy balance.
 Explain body mass index calculation.
 Explain the role of diet in weight
management.
 Cont…..
 Identify factors in the Pakistani diet that
are particularly conducive to weight gain.
Explain the role of exercise in weight
management.
 Explain the role of behavior modification
technique in weight management.
 Council patient regarding weight
management.
 Determining the Right body Weight:
 Overweight: increased body weight in
relation to height
 Body mass index (BMI): a formula for weight
assessment based on a weight-to-height
relationship
 Obesity
 Mild:20 to 40 percent over ideal weight
 Moderate: 41 to 99 percent over ideal weight
 Severe, morbid, or gross: 100 percent or more
 Assessing Fat Levels
 Body mass index (BMI)
 Weight (kg) / height squared (m2) OR
 Weight (lbs) / height squared (inches2)*703
 Healthy weight is a BMI of 19 to 25.
 Overweight is a BMI of 25 or more.
 Obese is a BMI of 30 or more.
Body Mass Index: Are You at a Healthy
Weight?
 Waist Circumference and Ratio
Measurements
 Waist circumference should be less than:
 Men:
40 inches
 Women: 35 inches
 Risk Factors for Obesity
 Higher in minorities, especially women
 Environmental factors
 Advertising
 Fast food
 Bottle feeding infants
 Sedentary lifestyles
 Automated equipment
 Computer and TV use
 Decline in physical education requirements in
schools
One Person at Various Stages of Weight
Loss
 Managing Your Weight
 Keep weight control in perspective.
 Understand calories.
 Include exercise.
 Improve eating habits.
 Select a nutritional plan.
The Concept of Energy Balance
 Selecting a nutritional Plan
 Set realistic goals.
 Reward yourself for meeting goals.
 Seek assistance in selecting a dietary plan.
 Body Mass Index (BMI)

 Incorporates height and weight to

estimate critical fat values at which
disease risk increases.
Disease and Mortality Risk Based on BMI

Even though the

risk for premature
illness and death
is greater for
those who are
overweight, the
risk also increases
for individuals
who are
underweight.
 waist Circumference:

 Predicts disease risk according to the way

people store fat (waist versus other areas)

Disease Risk according to WC.

Eating Disorder:
 Anorexia nervosa, bulimia
nervosa, binge-eating
disorder: physical and
emotional conditions thought
to stem from individual,
family, and social pressures
 Eating disorders are
increasing steadily in most
industrialized nations where
society encourages low-
calorie diets and thinness.
 Cont….
 Intense fear of becoming fat does not
disappear even when losing extreme weight
 Individuals clip images from magazines to use
as their ideal body goal
 Articles on dangers of eating disorders fail to
deter behavior in these individuals; instead,
they look for ideas in these articles to use in
their search for a "perfect body"
 Pakistan diet and weight gain:
 Pakistan is a developing country, and
literacy rate is also low.
 The people of Pakistan like to have a
stronger body, and they believe that the
much you gain weight will be more strong
and healthy.
 Illiteracy.
 Imbalance diet.
 Use of fats.
 Change in Eating Habits
 Decrease fat intake: for good.
 Eat adequate grains, fruits, and
vegetables.
 Limit meat consumption.
 Count calories when on a diet.
 Small changes make a BIG difference
 Plan prior to socializing around food
 People who are successful in losing weight
carefully monitor caloric intake
Behavior Modification Techniques
 Make a Eliminate unnecessary
commitment to food items from the diet
change Include calcium-rich foods
 Set realistic goals in the diet
Avoid automatic eating
 Exercise regularly Eat small frequent meals
 Exercise control on a regular schedule
over your appetite “Everything in moderation”
 Consume less fat is better than making
certain foods off limits
in the diet
Behavior Modification Techniques
 Stay busy.
 Pay attention to the
number of calories in
food
 Cook wisely
 Do not serve more food
than you should eat.
 Treatment for Eating Disorders
 Reduce the threat to life and stabilize
patient.
 Begin long-term therapy that involves
family, friends, and significant others.
 Focus on psychological, social,
environment, and physiological factors.
 Join support groups that help the family
and patient
References:
P. Angulo, Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,
Nutrition Review 65 (2007):S57-S63;E.Yan and
coauthors, Non alcoholic fatty liver disease:
pathogenesis, identification, progression, and
management, nutrition review 65(2007):S39-S45.
Thanks