Types of Immunity & Vaccination

• There are two basic types of immunity: inborn

or innate immunity and acquired or adaptive
immunity.
INNATE IMMUNITY
• The ability of the innate immunity to kill
microorganisms is not specific.
ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
• Highly specific protection is provided by
acquired immunity, but it takes several days for
this system to become fully functional.
Types of Immunity & Vaccination
TYPES OF ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
1. Active Immunity
2. Passive Immunity
 Features Active Immunity Passive Immunity

Production of because of entry of because of entry of

Immunity antigen. antibodies.

Source of Body is stimulated to External source.

Antibodies produce antibodies.

Substance Entering Antigen Antiserum

Response Delayed response Immediate response

Results Prolonged results Short acting

Memory cell Yes No

production

Role Preventive & Curative Curative

Types of Immunity & Vaccination
Natural Active Immunity
• When a person is exposed to an infection
(antigen) becomes ill and in most cases
survives, this immunity developed against
that disease is natural active immunity.
Artificial Active Immunity (Vaccination)
• The use of vaccines stimulates production
of antibodies & making a person immune
against the diseases or infection artificial
active immunity.
• This active immunity has been achieved by
artificially introducing; antigens in the
body.
Types of Immunity & Vaccination
Natural Passive Immunity
• If the source of antibodies is natural,
then type of immunity will be called as
natural passive immunity. 
• For example, antibodies from a mother
can cross the placenta and enter her
fetus. It provide protection for the baby
until its own immune system is fully
functional. This immunity may also be
provided by colostrum, the first
secretion of the mammary glands. The
baby absorbs the antibodies through its
gut.
Types of Immunity & Vaccination
Artificial Passive Immunity
• Antibodies which have been formed in one
individual are extracted and then injected
into the blood of another individual.
• In the case of snake bite venom, passive
immunity is produced by antitoxins, so the
serum is called
Anti-venom serum.
• Similarly, specific antibodies used for
combating tetanus and diphtheria are
cultured and injected into humans.
Types of Immunity & Vaccination

The process of introduction of

weak pathogens into human body is
called:
(A) Immunization
(B) Inoculation
(C) Vaccination
(D) Sterilization
Types of Immunity & Vaccination
During breast feeding, infants gain:

(A) Active Immunity

(B) Natural passive Immunity
(C) Artificial Active Immunity
(D) Vaccination
Types of Immunity & Vaccination

Antiserum has:

(A) Antigens
(B) White blood cells
(C) Antibodies
(D) Red blood corpuscles
Types of Immunity & Vaccination

Immunity is mostly lost in all

conditions except:

(A) SCID
(B) AIDS
(C) Cystic fibrosis
(D) Leukemia
Types of Immunity & Vaccination

Passive immunity is used

against:

(A) Malaria
(B) Dengue
(C) Tetanus
(D) Typhoid