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Module-1: Introduction To Mis
Module-1: Introduction To Mis
INTRODUCTION TO MIS
INTRODUCTION
information to the managers and helps in reducing confusions and solving problems.
Flexible: MIS must be the one that can be easily modified to changing circumstances. It must
be capable of expansion, accommodate, contraction, processing when required.
Enhance productivity: MIS helps in efficient document preparation, provides
high level of service to the individuals, in early detection of warnings about
internal and external problems. It improves the manager ability to deal with
unexpected problems.
Coordinated system: Components of MIS like data processing, office
management in the organization for decision making. The MIS is such that it serves all the
levels of management in an organization i.e. top, middle and lower level.
Management directed: MIS is management-oriented, it should be directed by the management
because it is the management who tells their needs and requirements more effectively than
anybody else.
Common database: This is the basic feature of MIS to achieve the objective of using MIS in
business organizations. It avoids duplication of files and storage which leads to reduction in
costs. Common database means a “Super file or Master file” which consolidates and integrates
data records formerly stored in many separate data files.
Distributed data processing: Distributed data processing is in which multiple computers
system. The queries can be handled more quickly and efficiently with the computerized MIS.
The other benefits are accuracy, storage capacity and timely information.
Transforms data into Information: When a data is processed for a specific task, then it
becomes information. There are different methods available to transform data into information .
NEED OF MIS
systems may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex
subjects, and create new products.
Three activities in an information system produce the information that organizations
need to make decisions, control operations, analyze problems, and create new products
or services.
These activities are input, processing, and output .
Input captures or collects raw data from within the organization or from its external
environment.
Processing converts this raw input into a meaningful form.
Output transfers the processed information to the people who will use it or to the
activities for which it will be used.
Information systems also require feedback, which is output that is returned to
appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct the input stage
The Importance of Information
effectiveness of HR departments.
For example, intranets are often used to provide basic HR functions,.
Intranets reduce personnel costs and speed up responses to common employee requests.
_ Ordering decisions
_ Product cost calculations
_ Space utilization
_ The bid evaluation process used with vendors and suppliers
_ Analysis of price changes and discounts
The goal of a financial information system (FIS) is to provide information to financial
executives in a timely manner. Here are some decisions an FIS is used to support:
_ Improving budget allocation
_ Minimizing capital investment risks
_ Monitoring cost trends
_ Managing cash flows
_ Determining portfolio structures
In addition, marketing information systems (MKISs) are used to improve marketing
decisions.
An effective MKIS should provide timely, accurate, and integrated information about the
marketing mix-4Ps: price, promotion, place, and product. Here are some decisions that
an MKIS supports:
_ Analyzing market share, sales, and sales personnel
_ Sales forecasting
_ Price and cost analysis of items sold
Using Information Technologies for a Competitive
Advantage
systems coupled with state of the art business practices and supportive
management to achieve world-class operational efficiency.
New Products, Services, and Business Models
Information systems and technologies are a major enabling tool for firms to
create new products and services as well as entirely new business models. A
business model describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a
product or service to create wealth.
Customer and Supplier Intimacy
When a business really knows its customers and serves them well, the
Likewise with suppliers, the more a business engages its suppliers, the better
central problem for businesses with millions of offline and online customers.
Improved Decision Making
Many business managers operate in an information
because they know how to use information systems for this purpose.
FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS APPROACH
procedure.
Informal organizing.
The individual as a device
The method of organizational contact.
The power chain.
The functional method.
The system for management process
System Approach in Controlling
Controlling is necessary because the outcome of the
inputs from other systems. Inside a system, these inputs undergo a phase
of transformation and exit the system as an output to other systems.
As it is sensitive to its environment, an organization is a dynamic
Systems architecture,
Technical architecture,
making process.
Classification of Quantitative
Techniques:
A technique in which quantitative data are used along with the principles
of mathematics is known as mathematical quantitative techniques.
Mathematical quantitative techniques involve:
the formula.
Combination means selection or grouping objects without
considering their order.
The number of combinations is calculated by using the formula.
2. Set Theory:-
Set theory is a modern mathematical device which solves various types of critical problems.
3. Matrix Algebra:
Matrix is an orderly arrangement of certain given numbers or symbols in rows and columns. It is
a mathematical device of finding out the results of different types of algebraic operations on the
basis of the relevant matrices.
4. Determinants:
It is a powerful device developed over the matrix algebra. This device is used for finding out
values of different variables connected with a number of simultaneous equations.
5. Differentiation:
It is a mathematical process of finding out changes in the dependent variable with reference to a
small change in the independent variable.
6. Integration:
Integration is the reverse process of differentiation.
7. Differential Equation:
It is a mathematical equation which involves the differential coefficients of the dependent
variables.
Statistical Quantitative Techniques: