Unit 7 - Urinary System

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 Urinary System Anatomy
Anterior
Kidney
Stomach
Pancreas
Large intestine
Ureter Liver
Abdominal aorta
Renal vein Inferior vena
Renal artery cava
Right kidney
Renal hilum
Fibrous capsule
Spleen
Fat
Urinary Rib
bladder Left kidney

Urethra Posterior Fig. 27.2

(a) Anterior view Fig. 27.1

External Anatomy of Kidneys

• Renal capsule
– surrounds each kidney
• Hilum
– renal artery and nerves enter and renal vein and ureter exit kidneys 28-
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Internal Anatomy of Kidneys
• Renal cortex: Outer area
– Renal columns
• Renal medulla: Inner
area
– Renal pyramids
• Calyces
– Major: Converge to
form renal pelvis
– Minor: Collects urine
from individual renal
Fig. 27.3 pyramid
• Nephron: Functional
unit of kidney
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 The Nephron
• Renal corpuscle
– Bowman’s capsule
– Glomerulus
• network of capillaries
• Arterioles
– Afferent
• blood to glomerulus
– Efferent
• drains
• Tubules
– Proximal (convoluted) tubule
– Loops of Henle
• Descending limb
• Ascending limb Fig. 27.5
– Distal (convoluted) tubule
• Collecting ducts
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 Ureters and Urinary Bladder
• Ureters
– tubes through which urine
flows from kidneys to
Ureter
urinary bladder
• Urinary bladder
Peritoneum
– stores urine
• Urethra
– transports urine from Ureteral openings

bladder to outside of body

Neck of urinary bladder
– difference in length
Internal urethral
between males and females sphincter

– sphincters External urethral sphincter

• Internal urinary
• External urinary
Fig. 27.9
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