CHILD AND

ADOLESCENT
DEVELOPMENT

LOOKING AT LEARNERS AT DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES

◦ This course is focused on the
development of the child and the
adolescent, who are your clientele in
basic education. Necessarily, you will be
occupied only with the child and
adolescent. You can apply what you will
learn about life-span development as you
relate to yourself, to your fellow
teachers, to parents of your students, and
to other education stakeholders.
In this introductory module, you are challenged to:

01 02 03
define human draw some distinguish two
development in principles of approaches to
your own words. human human
development. development.
 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

It is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues

through the life span.

Development includes growth and decline. This means that development can be
positive or negative (Santrock 2002).
 Some major principles of human development

◦
. Development is relatively orderly.
1
◦ 1.1 Proximodistal pattern – The mascular control of the trunk and the arms comes
◦ earlier as compared to the hands and fingers.
1.2 Cephalocaudal pattern – During infancy, the greatest growth always occurs at the
top. Growth starts from top way down to
bottom( from
head, neck, shoulders, trunk and so on).
 ◦ 2. While the pattern of development is likely to be
similar, the outcomes of developmental processes
and the rate of development are likely to vary
among individuals.
Some major ◦ HEREDITY + ENVIRONMENT = INDIVIDUAL

principles of DIFFERENCES
◦ 3. Development takes place gradually.
human ◦ TIME – days, weeks, months, years to undergo
development changes
◦ 4. Development as a process is complex because it
is a product of BIOLOGICAL, CGNITIVE, and
SOCIOEMOTIONAL processes.
BIOLOGICAL processes involve changes in the individuals physical nature.

COGNITIVE processes involve changes in the individual’s thought, intelligence,

and language.

SOCIOEMOTIONAL processes involve changes in the individual’s relationships

with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality.

Inextricably intertwined
 Two Approaches to Human Development

If you believe that a child will If you believe that even in

show extensive change from
birth to adolescence, little or no
change in adulthood, and
decline in late old age, your
approach is TRADITIONAL.
adulthood developmental
change takes place as it does
during childhood, your
approach is termed LIFE-
SPAN APPROACH.
 1. Development is lifelong. It does not end in
adulthood. No developmental stage dominates
development.
2. Development is multidimensional. Development
5 Major Principles is consist of biological, cognitive, and socio-
of Human emotional dimensions.

Development from 3. Development is elastic. Development is possible

throughout the lifespan.
a Life-span 4. Development is contextual. Individuals are
Perspective changing beings in a changing word.
Paul Baltes (Santrock, 5. Development involves growth, maintenance and
2002) regulations. Growth, maintenance, and regulation
are three (3) goals of human development. The
goals of individual vary among developmental
stages.