THE SELF FORM

VARIOUS
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES
GROUP-II
 LESSON
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you
should be able to:
1. Explain why it is essential to understand the
self;
2. Describe and discuss the difference notions of
the self from the points-of-view of the
various philosophers across time and place;
3. Compare and contrast how the self has been
represented in different philosophical
schools; and
4. Examine one’s self against the different views
of self that were discussed in class.
 What Is
Philosophy?
 PHILO =
LOVE
SOPHIA =
WISDOM
the study of the fundamental nature of
knowledge, reality, and existence,
especially when considered as an
academic discipline.
PHILOSOPHY IS
ABOUT:
⮚ Questioning, existing
knowledge and institution to
get closer to the truth
What will we get out
of Philosophy?
CRITICAL THINKING
ARGUMENTS SKILLS
COMMUNICATION
REASONING
ANALYSIS
PROBLEM SOVING
Socrates
● Every man is composed of body and soul.

“ KNOW THYSELF“
● Body-imperfection/impermanent
● Soul-perfect/permanent
Plato
● Man is a dual nature of body and soul
● THREE COMPONENTS OF THE SOUL
1. Rational Soul
2. Spirited Soul
3. Appetitive Soul
St. Augustine
● The body is bound to die on earth and
the soul is yo anticipate living eternally
● Goal of the person: To attain
communion with the divine.
● The world of materials is not our final
home but only temporary one.
● The real world is the one where God
is.
“ IF I AM MISTAKEN, I AM“
St. Thomas Aquinas
● Man is composed of matter and form
● Theory of Self Knowledge – all of our
self knowledge is dependent on our
experience of the world around us.
● Rejects a view that the mind is always
on never sleeping, subconsciously self-
aware in the background
Descartes
“I think ,Therefore I am”
● Only things that one cannot doubt
is the existence of the self for
even if one doubts oneself that
only proves that there is a
doubting self a thing that thinks
cannot self  a thing that thinks
cannot be doubted
David Hume
“All knowledge is derived from human
senses”

● Influence by empiricism
● A simply a “bundle or
collection  of different
perceptions which succeed
each other with an
inconceivable,rapidity and are
in perpetual flux and
movement
Gilbert Ryle
● Self is not an entity name
we use to referta all
behavior 
● The self is not an entity
one can locate. It is a
name we use to refer to all
behavior.
Merleau-Ponty
● Denies the dualistic ideas.
● The mind and the body
cannot be separated
● The living body his
thoughts emotions and
experiences are all in one
Immanuel Kant
● Self is not just what gives
personality. It is also the
seat of knowledge
acquisition for a human
persons
● It’s not widely recognized,
but Kant was the first
person to use the term
“race” in the way which we
THANK
YOU