Verda Batool

22090082
Human Cloning
Harmful OR Helpful ?
 Thesis Statement
“Although human cloning can eliminate defective genes, provide
biological children to infertile couples, and bring great minds back
but it does more harm than good in achieving the above goals and
causes serious divisions in society, devalues human life and can give
rise to various malpractices”.
Ruse, Michael. “Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution: An Analysis.”
Journal of the History of Biology, vol. 8, no. 2, 1975, pp. 219–241. JSTOR,
JSTOR, <www.jstor.org/stable/4330635.>

Charles Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known
for his contributions to the world of science. In this article writer explains
Darwin’s theory of evolution which is called theory of Natural selection.

Theory of Natural selection is based on the survival of the fittest.

He argues that how DIVERSITY in genetic pool of population is necessary
for the survival and continuation of species and cloning hampers this diversity.
Cibelli, Jose B., et al. “The First Human Cloned Embryo.” Scientific
American, vol. 286, no. 1, 2002, pp. 44–51. JSTOR, JSTOR,
<www.jstor.org/stable/26059521>.

This article talks about the legislation of Human cloning in different countries.
In July 2001, USA not only banned it not only for the purpose of reproduction
but also for the purpose of experimentation.
Xu, Jie, and Xiangzhong Yang. "Will Cloned Animals Suffer Premature
Aging." Advances in Pediatrics. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2003.
Web. 08 May 2018.
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC305328/>.

In this article, writer explains all the reasons why clones suffer pre mature
aging and why cloning is not efficient in bringing great minds back.
Ganz, Holly H., and Dieter Ebert. "Benefits of Host Genetic Diversity for
Resistance to Infection Depend on Parasite Diversity." Advances in Pediatrics.
U.S. National Library of Medicine, May 2010. Web. 08 May 2018.
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3030917/>.

In this article, writer tries to explain how genetic diversity is crucial for the
less susceptibility of infections. Cloning is detrimental to genetic diversity.
Howard, Lisa. "Cow Gene Study Shows Why Most Clones Fail." UC Davis.
U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Grant, a
European Program SABRE Grant, and French National Research Agency
Grants, 15 Dec. 2016. Web. 08 May 2018.<
https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/cow-gene-study-shows-why-most-clones-fail/>

In this article, she describes some of the facts about the success rate of cloning.
Fewer than 10% of embryos survive to the age of birth.
Herper, Matthew. "Cloning's High Cost." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 06 June
2013. Web. 08 May 2018.
<https://www.forbes.com/2001/11/26/1126cloning.html#7ac198d1108d>.

In this article, writer sheds some light on the sky kissing costs of cloning.
So, cloning is not the most efficient solution.
The Roslin Institute. "Cloning Dolly the Sheep." Ari.info. N.p., 1996. Web. 08
May 2018. <
http://www.animalresearch.info/en/medical-advances/timeline/cloning-dolly-t
he-sheep/
>

In this article, writer describes the complexity of the process of cloning and
describes that it is not possible to clone any organism in the first attempt. He backs
up his argument with the practical example of the Dolly whose cloning required
277 attempts.
Childress, James F. “Human Cloning and Human Dignity: The Report of the
President's Council on Bioethics.” The Hastings Center Report, vol. 33, no. 3,
2003, pp. 15–18. JSTOR, JSTOR, <www.jstor.org/stable/3528433.> 

In this article, the author addresses some genuine issues regarding the morality of
practice. He says that production of children having specific characteristics brings
human dignity at stake.