What is a strong Acid ?

An Acid that is 100% ionized in water

Strong Acids:

100% ionized (completely dissociated) in water.

HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-

often written as:

HCl  H+ + Cl-

1
Strong Acids:

100% ionized (completely dissociated) in water.

HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-

Strong Acids:

Chloric, HClO3
Hydrobromic, HBr
Hydrochloric, HCl
Hydroiodic, HI
Nitric, HNO3
Sulfuric, H2SO4
Perchloric HClO4 2
 What is a strong Base ?
A base that is completely dissociated in water (highly soluble).

NaOH(s)  Na+ + OH-

Strong Bases:

Group 1A metal hydroxides

(LiOH, NaOH, KOH,
RbOH, CsOH)

Heavy Group 2A metal hydroxides

[Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and
Ba(OH)2]
3
 pH Calculations
Along a Titration Curve of a Strong
Acid Being Titrated with a Strong Base

14
12
10
8
pH

6
4
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
mL of Base
4
Calculations Summary: Strong-Strong

1. Find moles of acid (H+) and base (OH-)

2. Subtract to find XS
3. Find new volume
4. Find Molarity of XS.
5. Find pH or pOH

5
 14
25.0 mL 0.10 M HCl
12
10
4
8 2
pH

3
6
4 1
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
mL of Base 0.10 M NaOH

6
 14 25.0 mL 0.10 M HCl
12
10
8
pH

6 Region 1: only acid and water

4
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
mL of Base 0.10 M NaOH
7
Region 1: Only the Strong acid and water are
present and no base has been added.

General Solution: Since strong acid is

completely ionized. The pH is found by the
expression:

pH = -Log[H+] but the total volume must be

taken into account in calculating the
Molarity of the hydronium ion.

8
 Problem: Calculate the pH of a solution
prepared by combining 10.0mL of 0.10 M
HCl with 20.0mL of water.
Question: Can we ignore the H+
contribution from water in this case?
Yes, since the contribution from the HCl is
much, much larger than 1 x 10-7.
Work with someone next to you to solve.
2. Find new Molarity(of H+ ion) and the pH.
10.0mL 0.10molHCl 1molH+
______________________________= 0.033 mol H+

1000mL 1molHCl 0.030L L

3. pH = -Log[0.033] = 1.48
9
 14
25.0 mL 0.10 M HCl
12
10
8 Region 2: some base has been added
pH

6
4
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
mL of Base 0.10 M NaOH

10
Region 2: Some base has been added to the
Strong acid solution.

What has changed?

1. The number of moles of acid is reduced.

HA + OH-  salt + H2O
ex. HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O
or: H+ + OH-  H2O
2. The total volume is also changed and
must be taken into account when
calculating the new Molarity of the acid.
11
 Sample problem: Calculate the pH of a solution
after 8.00 mL of 0.15 M NaOH is added to 25.0 mL
of 0.10 M HCl.
Solution:
Reaction: HCl + NaOH  H2O + NaCl + XS
Net Ionic: H+ + OH-  H2O

Moles of H+ : 25.0mL 0.10 molHCl 1 H+

_______________________= 0.0025 mol H+
1000mL 1 HCl

Moles OH-: 8.00mL 0.15molNaOH 1 OH = 0.0012 mol OH-

________________________-

1000mL 1 NaOH
12
 Sample problem: Calculate the pH of a solution after 8.00 mL of 0.15 M
NaOH is added to 25.0 mL of 0.10 M HCl.

Solution:
Reaction: HCl + NaOH  H2O + NaCl + XS
Net Ionic: H+ + OH-  H2O
Moles of H+ : 25.0mL
__________________
0.10 mol = 0.0025 mol H+
1000mL
Moles OH-: ____________________
8.00mL 0.15mol = 0.0012 mol OH-
1000mL
Moles XS: Subtract 0.0025 - 0.0012 = 0.0013 mol H+
New Volume = 25.0 + 8.00 = 33.0 mL = 0.033L
pH = -Log[0.0013/0.033] = 1.404
13
 14
25.0 mL 0.10 M HCl
12
10
8
Region 3, the
pH

6
equivalence pt.
4
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
mL of Base 0.10 M NaOH

14
Region 3: The equivalence pt.

All of the Strong acid has been neutralized

and no XS base is present.

Since the solution has a pH, what furnishes

the H+ ions? Only the ionization of water.
Ions from strong acids and strong bases
do not cause any ionization of water (no
hydrolysis).
So? @ 25oC [H+]= 1 x 10-7 so pH = 7
Question: What is conc. of OH- ion? 15
 14
25.0 mL 0.10 M HCl
12
10
8
pH

6
4 Region 4:
2 XS Base
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
mL of Base 0.10 M NaOH

16
Region 4: All the Strong acid has been
neutralized and the XS base is the
dominating factor influencing pH.

General Solution:
1. Find moles of XS base (OH- ion).
2. Use total volume in Liters to find
Molarity of XS base.

17
Problem: Find the molarity of a solution that
was prepared by titrating 25.00mL of 0.10 M
HCl with 18.00mL of 0.15M NaOH.
Solution:
Reaction: HCl + NaOH  H2O + NaCl + XS
Net Ionic: H+ + OH-  H2O
1. Find moles H+:
25.00mL 0.10mol HCl 1molH +
= 0.0025 molH+
1000mL 1molHCL
2. Find moles OH-:
18.00mL 0.15molNaOH 1molOH = 0.0027 molOH-
-

1000mL 1molNaOH

18
 Net Ionic: H+ + OH-  H2O + XS
1. Find moles H+:
25.00mL 0.10mol HCl 1molH +
= 0.0025 molH+
1000mL 1molHCL
2. Find moles OH-:
18.00mL 0.15molNaOH 1molOH = 0.0027 molOH-
-

1000mL 1molNaOH

3. Find moles of XS: (subtract)

0.0027 -0.0025 = 0.0002 mol OH-
4. New Volume: 25.00 + 18.00 = 43.00mL = 0.043L
5. pOH = -Log[0.0002/0.043] = 2.33
and since pH + pOH = 14 : 14 - 2.33 = 11.67 = pH
19
 Any Questions??

Summary: Strong-Strong
1. Find moles of acid and base
2. Subtract to find XS
3. Find new volume
4. Find Molarity of XS.
5. Find pH and/or pOH

Quiz anyone?

20