PE 1-Physical Fitness

Speaker: Prof.Leah A. Gan

 • Physical Education 
- is  an integral  part of  the
education program designed to
promote the optimum
Introduction to development of the individual
physically , socially, emotionally
Physical Fitness
and mentally  through total body
movement  in the performance  of
properly selected  physical
activities.
 1. Physical Development 
-  an individual who participate  actively  will develop and
maintain good health  and a high level  of physical fitness

2. Social development
- participation in physical education  activities provides 
Objectives of opportunities  for the development  of desirable  social traits
Physical needed  for adjustment to the social  life  in general.
some worthwhile traits  are:
Education -Friendliness
- cooperation
- respect for the rights of other
-good sportsmanship
-Good leadership and followership
-Honesty in group competition
3. Emotional Development
-  The informal nature of physical education  activities offers opportunities  for
self-expression and  emotional mastery.
Ex. 
Self-confidence
Self- control
Self- reliance
Courage
Determination

4. Mental Development
-  the individual develops his mental capacities as he learns  the mechanical 
principles underlying movement, as he acquires knowledge and understanding of
rules  and strategies of games and sports as he discover  ways of improving  his
movement in gymnastics and dance.
 Physical Fitness

• The ability  to perform one's daily task efficiently without undue fatigue  but with
extra 'reserve' in case of emergency.

Components of Physical Fitness

1.Organic Vigor-
- refers to the soundness of the heart and lungs  which contributes to the ability to
resist  disease.
2. Endurance
-  is the ability to sustain  long continued contractions  where a number  of
muscle  groups  are used.
- the capacity  to bear  or last  in a certain task without undue fatigue.
3. Strength
- is the capacity  to sustain the application of force without
yielding or breaking .
- the ability of muscle to exert effort against a resistance.

4. Power
- refers to the ability of the muscle to release maximum force in
the shortest period of time.

5. Flexibility
-is a quality of plasticity which gives the ability to a wide range
of movement.

6. Agility
- is the ability of the individual to change direction or position  in
space  with quickness and lightness of movement.
7.Balance
- is the ability  to control  organic equipment neuro-
muscularly.

8. Speed
 Of the same kind  in the shortest period of time

- is the ability to make successive movements of

the same kind in the shortest period of time .
 •Early Civilization

-Hanging
- Climbing ropes
-swinging

History of -balancing on stone and logs

-flipping  and turning 
Gymnastics •China-

"Kung Fu" or Medical Gymnastics-  Chinese sort of

exercise
India- "Yoga"
• Greeks
– had activities with apparatuses  and they developed the word
"Gymnastics"

• Gymnastics- which means '"Naked Art"

• Egypt
–pyramid 

• Roman
-  devise a wooden equipment similar  to the back of a horse where they
could practice mounting and dismounting a horse indoor.
• Germans
- the greatest contributors  to our present gymnastic program 

• Johann Basedow (1723-1790) 

- introduced  gymnastics in the school  curiculum.

• Johann Guts Muths (1759-1839)

- called the "Great Grandfather of  Gymnastics."
- wrote a book entitled "Gymnastics for the Youth."
- invented the outdoor apparatuses like the seesaw,  horizontal ladder, oblique
wooden ladder,climbing rope ,balance beam, the vault apparatus and the rope
ladder
• Friedrich  John (1778- 1852)
- considered as "The Father of Gymnastics"
-He started the Turnverein movement.
- Introduced the Horizontal bar,parallel bar, side horse and
vaulting buck

Turnverein, (from German turnen, “to practice gymnastics,

and Verein, “club, union”), association of gymnasts founded
by the German teacher and patriot Friedrich Ludwig Jahn in
Berlin in 1811.
• Adolf Spiess  ( 1810-1858)
- introduced  marching and feehand exercise
performed with music

• Perh LIng ( 1776-1839)

-  a Swedish enthusiast invented the stall bars  and
the vaulting  box or swedish box.
• Dr.Dudley Sargent  - 
- the first American contributor  in gymnastics 
because he was instrumental in including 
gymnastics  in the school curriculum.

Director Candido Bartolome of  University of the

Philippines and Mrs. Francisca Aquino  of the
Bureau of Public Schools- started the Gymnastics  in
the Philippines.
Gymnastics
• Is a self motivating activity  where one can manipulate the
different parts of the body  into varied positions or
movements.
 Ex. 
Pike, tuck , arch, split, roll, twist , rotate etc.
 The Phases of Gymnastics
Program
1. Conditioning Program
- The exercise are selected for the purpose  of preparing the
body for more complicated  movements and skills.
- considered as "Calisthenics."
Rhythmic GYmnastics

2.Rhythmic Gymnastics
- Routine or exercise accompanied by music.
- they are performed in rhythmical manner  and the movement are
flowing.
- this phase  includes the free hand exercise and all exercises with
the use of light  apparatuses  such as wands, rings, hoops, ribbon ,
ropes etc.
3. Stunts
-  are activities in the form of play  and they test  one's strenght,
flexibility, balance , agility, endurance and coordination.

4. Tumbling
-is the most important phase  of the   gymnastics program 
beacause  this is where the ability  of the performance  is tested  as he
rolls to and fro, twists, turns and springs  about on the mat, floor and in
the air.

5.  Apparatus  Exercise( heavy)

- exercises done   on the balance beam, vaulting horse, parallel
bars,  uneven bars. Etc.

6. Pyramid Building
-  makes a pictures (mural)  out of body static position. 
Body Movements
1. Axial  Movenents
- are movements  done  by part or
several  parts of the body in stationary
place.

-  bend or Flex
-Lift, Raise- elevate a part of the body
-Stretch,extend,straighten- to lenghten
a part of the body
-twist
-Circle
- Swing
- turn, rotate
2.Locomotor Movement
-  are movement  trhat brings   the performer  from one place to the other.
- the preparatory movements to locomotor movements.
a. point
b. step
c. place
d. spring

TYPES OF LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENTS

a. walk
b. run
c. hop
d. skip
e.leap
f. jump
• Directions of Movements

1. Forward
2. sideward
3. upward
4, downward
5. diagonal or oblique
6.clockwise
7. counter clockwise
8. backward