EBOLA VIRUS

GROUP 6
Welcome to the reality
 Introduction
Ebola is a rare but deadly virus that causes fever,
body aches, and diarrhea, and sometimes bleeding
inside and outside the body.
As the virus spreads through the body, it damages the
immune system and organs. Ultimately, it causes
levels of blood-clotting cells to drop. This leads to
severe, uncontrollable bleeding.
 LAB test
01
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
02
TABLE OF
CONTENTS NCP
03
DRUG STUDY
04
LAB RESULTS
• Reverse transcription Polymérase
0
1
Chain réaction
• Antigen detection tests
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA)
Reverse transcription
Polymerase chain reaction

Procedure:
Blood sample from the patient is collected and placed in the RT-PCR kit
and that will determine if the virus is present in the blood or not.
significance:
Through RT-PCR test, the presence of all high pathogenic members and
low levels of Ebolavirus in blood, serum or plasma can be detected.
Antigen
detection tests

procedure: A blood sample is drawn from the patient and will be placed in a
test device wherein if a line appeared in the device the client is positive
from the virus and if there is no line then the patient is negative.
significance: Antigen detection tests is used to detect Ebola virus antigens
in human blood from certain human living individuals. This test
provides a rapid, presumptive diagnosis.
Antigen Enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA)
detection tests

procedure: A blood sample is collected from the patient then a

petri dish containing the specific antigen will be added to
the blood sample. If the contents of the dish change color,
the result is positive.
significance: Used to determine if you have antibodies and
other proteins in the blood that is related to certain
infections.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 0
2
EBOLA VIRUS
 Modifiable

Burial ceremonies Non-modifiable

Work? Sex
Travelling? Age 35-44 y/o

Exposure to animal
reservoir

Virus enters through

small lesions/break

Spread to lymph nodes, liver,

spleen and adrenal glands

Viral multiplication in
cells

Neutrophils Macrophages/monocyte Dendritic cells

Triggers systemic Endothelial leakage Multiplication Premature contraction

inflammatory response in liver cells

Fever, malaise, Hemorrhage Impaired immune

gastrointestinal response
symptom and possible
sepsis
 Modifiable

Burial ceremonies Non-modifiable

Work? Sex
Travelling? Age 35-44 y/o

Exposure to animal
reservoir

Virus enters through

small lesions/break

Spread to lymph nodes, liver,

spleen and adrenal glands

Viral multiplication in
cells

Neutrophils Macrophages/monocyte Dendritic cells

Triggers systemic Endothelial leakage Multiplication Premature contraction

inflammatory response in liver cells

Fever, malaise, Hemorrhage Impaired immune

gastrointestinal response
symptom and possible
sepsis
Narrative
■ Ebola virus enters the patient through mucous membranes, breaks in the skin, or incidental
injection. It can happen with human to human or animal to human transmission. Ebola virus then
migrates from the initial infection site to regional lymph nodes and subsequently to the liver,
spleen, and adrenal gland, thereby disseminating the infection. The virus replicates itself rapidly
and new copies are release into extracellular fluid. The virus first infects the monocytes,
macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells.
■ When the virus was introduced to monocytes/macrophages, they release large amount of
cytokines/chemokine that is associated with inflammation and fever. The systemic inflammatory
response causes the recruitment of more monocytes to the site of infection which act as a new
target for viral infection. This results to inflamed cytokines that is responsible for vascular leakage
and when the virus systematically disseminated to liver endothelial cells, this contributes to
symptoms asscociated with haemorrhage.
Narrative
■ It may alter the immune response by inhibiting neutrophil activation that may contribute to the
hemorrhagic fever symptoms by targeting virus cells and the lining of blood vessels.
■ Infection of dendritic cells impairs the maturation and suppresses type 1 IFN response, therefore
preventing T cell activation, which result to poor antibody response.
0 NCP

3
• Deficient Fluid Volume

• Deficient knowledge about

the infection and the risk of
transmission to others..
 OUTCOME
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS
IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING Deficient Fluid
Volume

SUBJECTIVE DATA:
“Tatlong araw nang masakit
ang tiyan ko tapos nagtatae at
Within 24
nagsusuka na ako. Lusaw din hours of nursing
ang aking dumi at wala akong
intervention, the
gana kumain” as verbalized by Deficient fluid
the patient. patient will
volume related to  To maintain
demonstrate stable
OBJECTIVE DATA: active fluid loss as fluid volume and
 Guarding behavior fluid volume as
 Weakness manifested by to relieve pain.
 Tachycardic evidenced by stable
abdominal pain,  To stabilize
 Weight loss vital signs,
vomiting, and the vital signs.
Vital Signs: balanced intake and
 Temperature: 36.5 diarrhea.
 Pulse rate: 77bpm
output, and stable
 Respiratory rate: 14 weight.
cpm
 Blood pressure: 100/80
NURSING INTERVENTION EVALUATION

Independent Intervention:
 Weigh client daily. Observe for sudden weight gain.
Rationale: To know if there is changes to the recent weight history and also to prevent shock.

 Encourage oral intake.

Rationale: To replace the fluid loss.

 Monitor intake and output. • After 24 hours of

Rationale: To ensure an accurate picture of fluid status.
nursing intervention,
 Encourage adequate bed rest. the patient
Rationale: Rest promotes self-relief, pain reliever, and relaxation. demonstrates
Dependent Intervention: maintained fluid
 Administer IV solutions such as colloids, isotonic solution, lactated ringer’s solution, and volume, relief of pain,
analgesics. and stable vital signs.
Rationale: These medications will correct fluid deficits and will provide both electrolytes and free
water for renal excretion of metabolic waste and also to relieve pain. •
• Goal was met.
 Provide tube feedings, including free water as appropriate.
Rationale: Enteral replacement can provide proteins and other needed elements in addition to
meeting general fluid replacements when swallowing is not intact.

Collaborative Intervention:
 Coordinate with the laboratory staff for the diagnostic test as per order of the physician.
Rationale: Collaboration with the laboratory staff will make a good judgement of the diagnosis.
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS
OUTCOME
PLANNING
Deficient
IDENTIFICATION knowledge about
the infection and
the risk of
SUBJECTIVE DATA:
“Hindi ko alam kung Within 3-4 hours of transmission to
paano at kung saan ko nursing intervention, the • The client will others..
nakuha itong sakit na to” patient will be able to: have a
As verbalized by the
patient.
• Deficient • Participate in the knowledge
knowledge learning process. regarding the
OBJECTIVE DATA: about the disease.
 Frustration infection • Verbalize his/her own
Vital signs: and the risk understanding in the • The client will
 Temperature: 36.5 of disease process. know how to
 Pulse rate: 77bpm transmissio do prevention
 Respiratory rate: • Learn the prevention in in this kind of
14 cpm
n to others.
 Blood pressure: this kind of disease. disease.
100/80
NURSING INTERVENTION EVALUATION

Independent Intervention:
•  Establish rapport.
Rationale: To gain patient’s trust and have a good nurse-patient relationship. After 3-4 hours of
• Evaluate desire/readiness of patient to learn.
Rationale: To determine amount or level of information to provide at any
nursing intervention,
given moment. the client was able to:
•  Encourage the patient to ask questions • The patient
Rationale: Questions allow the patient to participate in the learning process. participated in the
It means that the patient is engaging in the material and shows interest in learning process
wanting to learn. By asking questions, the patient participates in his or her • The client gained
care and lets the healthcare team know what topics to address next. knowledge on how
to prevent this kind
Dependent Intervention:
•  Describe the signs, symptoms, and the disease process. of virus and what is
Rationale: To facilitate the client and relatives on how to handle these things the disease process.
correctly. • Goal was met.
•  Explain the preventive measures in this disease.
Rationale: To avoid potential health problems before they develop or worsen.
0 DRUG STUDY

4
Generic Dosage/
Classification Indication Adverse Reaction
Name Route

ADULT : Most common:

CNS:
Brand name: •
•
TABLET
4mg, 8mg, Ondansetron
Headache
Drowsines
Dizziness
Fatigue
ZOFRAN 24mg
Antiemetic blocks the
Weakness

action of GI:
• ORAL Serotonin chemicals in
Constipation
Generic name: •
SOLUTION:
4mg/5ml
5-HT3 the body that
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
ONDANSETR antagonist can trigger
• INJECTABLE nausea and
ON SOLUTION: vomiting.
Blurred vision or temporary
vision loss (lasting from only a few
• 2mg/ml minutes to several hours)
Nursing Responsibility
BEFORE:
 Follow the 12 rights in giving medication.

 Check the patient’s medical record for an allergy or contraindication to the prescribed medication.

 Educate the patients about their medication.

DURING:
 Administer the drug correctly.

AFTER:
 Advise patient to stay in bed for several minutes or hours and don’t do anything that requires being
alert.

 Instruct patient to report bothersome side effects such as severe or prolonged headache, weakness,
fatigue, or GI problems (diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, dry mouth)
Generic Adverse
Dosage/ Nursing
Classification Reaction
Name Route Responsibility

•
Hypernatremia a. Before administering the drug
(High blood • Obtain MAR or order and verify order
pressure, • Check for allergies
• Identify the client
For the irritability, • Explain to the client use and effect of
prevention muscle the drug and the possible side effect
• 200 mg
Oral and twiching,
per
treatment of restlessness, b. During administration of drug
Rehydrating pack
mild diarrhea. seizure, • Prepare the drugs
solution PO • Instruct the client to drink the drugs
To prevent sweeling of feet
futher or lower legs, c. After administering the drug
dehydration weakness) • Evaluate the client’s response to the
drug
•Puffy eyelids, • Check for any adverse effect
Mild vomiting
THANK
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QUESTIONS?

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