Earth’s

subsystems
 Geosphere
►It is the portion of Earth that
includes the interior structure, rocks,
and minerals, landforms, and all
physical processes on land that shape
Earth’s surface.
• The different layers vary in :
density
mineral composition
temperature
thickness
• Properties of Water
1. Water could be in liquid form, not just solid and
gas
2. Water has a neutral pH.
3. Water is a good conductor of heat and energy
4. Water has a high specific heat.
5. water is a universal solvent.
• Water on Earth
Two groups
1. Surface water is water found on Earth’s surface
- Marine water- has higher salt content
- Fresh water- has lower slat content
2.Ground Water- is the water found beneath Earth’s surface where
there are spaces in the soil or fractures in rocks
Aquifer acts like as a reservoir for ground water
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzYjPpxP-Cw
• TROPOSPHERE
- This layer is considered to be the densest
among the other layers.
- Almost weather occurs within this layer.
-Prior to reaching the next layer above the
troposphere is a thin buffer zone called the
tropopause.
• STRATOSPHERE
- The air in this layer has strong steady
horizontal winds which advantages to long-
distance flights.
-The ozone layer plays a very important role in
absorbing the ultraviolent radiation from the
sun.
-Another thin buffer zone exist before the next
layer above the stratosphere. This zone is
called the stratopause
• MESOSPHERE
-The temperature here reaches a minimum of-
90C ands considered to be the coldest layer.
-The mesosphere is important in protecting
Earth from planetary debris.
_The thin buffer zone above the mesosphere is
called the mesopause.
• THERMOSPHERE
- This layer is the hottest layer because of its absorption of highly
energetic solar heat.
- The lower part of the thermosphere is the ionosphere where
particles of oxygen and nitrogen are electrically charged by the
solar winds.
-Aurora light occur
- There exists a thermopause above the thermosphere .
• REFLECT UPON

• What habitual activities do you do everyday that promote the

protection and preservation of the atmosphere?
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BIOSPHERE

• The biosphere makes up

all living components on
Earth.
- It is the subsystem that
comprises all living
things including those
which have not yet been
identified.
Origin of the
Biosphere

Theory of
primordial soup
• - It states that life began • The first known
from non living matter such creatures to have
as simple organic inhabited Earth were
compounds. the single- celled
-It was believed that the microorganisms,
primitive Earth contained bacteria,and archaeans.
chemicals such as methane,
water, ammonia, and
hydrogen gas that
accumulate in a soup at
certain areas viable for
energy transformation.
Origin of the
Biosphere

Deep – sea vent

theory
• - This theory
presupposes that life
began not on the
surface of Earth but
deep down the sea in
areas known as marine
hydrothermal vents.
- Hydrogen sulphide is
the main compound .
-Discovery of nanobes
Origin of the
Biosphere

Panspermia
• -This hypothesis
proposes that life on
Earth actually began
somewhere in the
universe.
- Life forms could have
been carried by
meteorites, asteroids, or
comets as they cosmic
impact on Earth.
 • The biosphere is where certain
organism function to consume
a different set of organism to
allow energy transfer from one
group of organisms to another
and allow to certain materials
to recycle.

The system of Biosphere

 Let’s
Check it!