2021 Supplement A Guide To The 2018 IRC® Wood Wall Bracing Provisions

2 0 2 1 S U P P L E M E N T:
A GUIDE TO THE
2018 IRC® WOOD WALL

BRACING PROVISIONS
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2021 Supplement: A Guide to the 2018 IRC® Wood Wall Bracing
Provisions
978-1-958581-51-3
Copyright © 2022
By
International Code Council Inc.
500 New Jersey Avenue, NW, 6th Floor
Washington, DC 20001
And
APA – The Engineered Wood Association
7011 South 19th Street
Tacoma, Washington 98466
Portions of the text from the International Residential Code® (IRC) or from other codes published by the International Code
Council® (ICC) are copyrighted and owned solely by the ICC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The 2021 Supplement: A Guide to the 2018 IRC Wood Wall Bracing Provisions is a copyrighted work
owned by the International Code Council, Inc. and APA − The Engineered Wood Association (IRC and other code sections
copyrighted solely by ICC). Without advance written permission from the publisher, no part of this book may be reproduced,
distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including without limitation, electronic, optical or mechanical means
(this includes, by way of example and not limitation, photocopying or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system).
For information on permission to copy material exceeding fair use, please contact: ICC Publications, 4051 Flossmoor Road,
Country Club Hills, IL 60478; Phone 1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233).
The information contained in this guide is believed to be accurate; however, it is being provided for informational purposes
only. Publication of this document by the ICC should not be construed as the ICC or the APA engaging in or rendering
engineering, legal or other professional services. Use of the information contained in this book should not be considered by
the user as a substitute for the advice of a registered professional engineer, attorney or other professional. If such advice is
required, it should be sought through the services of a registered professional engineer, licensed attorney or other professional.
Trademarks: “International Code Council,” the “International Code Council” logo and the “International Residential Code” are
trademarks of the International Code Council, Inc.
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Preface
The 2021 Supplement: A Guide to the 2018 IRC® Wood Wall Bracing Provisions is jointly published by the International Code
Council® (ICC) and APA – The Engineered Wood Association with the shared goal of promoting the accurate understanding
and correct application of the International Residential Code® (IRC) for safer buildings and communities. This Supplement was
developed to help users of the 2021 IRC see direct changes from the 2018 IRC, as relevant to wall bracing applications. The
Guide to the 2018 IRC Wood Wall Bracing Provisions will be referred as the “2018 Guide” hereinafter.
The major changes can be summarized as follows:
2018 Guide CHAPTER 1: wind mapping, wind design criteria, table and figure renumbering, updated table and figure content
2018 Guide CHAPTER 2: townhouse and townhouse unit definitions, effective wind area, hillside construction considerations,
story height, interior foundation support and foundation anchorage, top plate installation, drilling and notching of studs,
supports for headers, cripple walls, water-resistive barriers, wind limitations, roof tie uplift, braced wall lines and braced wall
line offsets, table and figure renumbering, updated table and figure content
2018 Guide CHAPTERS 3 AND 4: braced wall panels, bracing requirements, adjustment factors, seismic design categories
and criteria, portal frames, stone and masonry veneer, braced wall panel connections, design examples, table and figure
renumbering, updated table and figure content.
Content from the 2018 Guide remains relevant. Content added or changed from the 2018 Guide is underlined in the text of this
Supplement. Content no longer relevant to the 2021 IRC has been struck out. This allows readers to see what exactly changed
in the 2021 IRC as well as the Supplement. Updates are numbered in accordance with where they would occur in the 2018
Guide. Each update contains a page and section reference to allow users to identify where the change is made to the 2018 Guide.
Additional information on how to use this Supplement is provided in the next section of this document.
How to use this Supplement

While reading the 2021 Supplement to the 2018 Guide, please keep the following considerations in mind.
The updates are placed in sequential order.

After each update number, the chapter is given in the title of the update in red font.
The second line of each update gives the corresponding page number in the 2018 Guide.
The third line of each update gives the section, table, or figure that is being modified.
Red text highlights changes to 2021 IRC code text.
New explanatory text for the 2021 Supplement is underlined while content that is no longer relevant is struck out.
Each update gives a quick explanation of what is being modified, followed by the update. If the update is text-based, the
modified text begins in the second paragraph of the 2021 update. If the update is a figure or table, the modified version
appears directly below the explanation of what is being modified.
Remarks are the authors’ explanation of why this change is important for the 2021 Guide.
If the update is self-explanatory then remarks may not be present.
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The 2021 Supplement was written to take users of the 2021 IRC step-by-step through relevant code changes to wall bracing
applications as well as update design examples accordingly. Any wood wall bracing topics not addressed in this Supplement
remain unchanged for the 2021 IRC, and users should refer to the 2018 Guide for information regarding these topics.
The authors and reviewers are:

SANDRA HYDE, P.E., is Managing Director for Product Development at the International Code Council where
she develops books and seminars about the structural provisions of the International Residential Code (IRC) and
International Building Code (IBC). Sandra has worked on development and review of the 2012, 2015, 2018 and
2021 editions of the Significant Changes to the IRC and the 2006 - 2021 editions of the Guide to the IRC Wood
Wall Bracing Provisions. She has created seminars for these books as well as other structural topics. Sandra is a
registered engineer in the states of Idaho and California.
DRAKE JOSLIN is a Product Support Specialist with APA’s Technical Services Division and leads APA’s Help
Desk team. Drake received a Bachelor of Architecture degree from the University of Colorado, College of
Environmental Design. He has been involved with the practice of architecture in Colorado, New Mexico,
Idaho and Washington State. His background includes certification by the National Council of Architectural
Registration Boards (NCARB), LEED AP, and CSI-CDT certified by the Construction Specifications Institute.
Drake has over 30 years’ experience in the design and specification of wood framed buildings in residential,
commercial and educational buildings.
LON YEARY, Ph.D., is a staff engineer for APA’s Technical Services Division. Lon graduated from the University
of Wisconsin – Platteville with a degree in Civil Engineering with an emphasis in structural design. Lon then
went on to receive a M.S. in Civil Engineering and a Ph.D. in Sustainable Bioproducts from Mississippi State
University. Lon spent five years collaborating with the USDA Forest Products Laboratory’s Research Work Unit
4714 – Engineering Properties of Wood, Wood Based Materials and Structures. Beyond this collaboration, Lon
has spent nearly a decade studying wood as a building material.
The Supplement is supported by APA’s Market Communications Team, which developed the figures, edited the
text, designed the pages and coordinated production of this Supplement. ANGELINE DOLLAR, graphic designer,
was the book’s lead designer and DANA OHLER, publication and website manager, edited the book.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
2018 Guide Page Number 275
Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Bibliography
2021 Update: Add the following reference to the 2018 Guide Bibliography
IRC. 2021. International Residential Code. International Code Council, Washington, D.C.
2021 2021 2018

Update Code Guide
Item Section Page # Item Description
CHAPTER 1
Figure Map updated, 110 and 115 mph regions
1 3-4 map
R301.2(2) now have isolines from 90 mph to 115 mph
Figure
2 4 Figure 1.3 Figure caption reference changes
R301.2.1.1
Figures
Updates text on earthquake maps for new
3 R301.2.2.1 6 text
section references and soil class changes
(1)-(6)
4 R301.2 7 reference Wind and seismic references updated
CHAPTER 2
Table Component and cladding Table R301.2(2)
5 32, 34-36 reference
R301.2.1(1) now Table R301.2.1(1)
Updates townhouse definition and adds
6 Definition 32-33 text
townhouse unit definition
Adds pointer for metal roof shingles. States
that wind speeds lower than those listed
7 R301.2.1 34 text
in tables will be assigned to lowest wind
speed.
Updates table changes for energy
8 Table R301.2 34 table
requirements and footnotes
Component and cladding Table R301.2(2)
9 R301.2.1 35 reference now Table R301.2.1(1), Table R301.2(3)
now Table R301.2.1(2)
10 R301.2.1 36 reference Updated table references
Table
11 38 table Table R301.2.1.5.1 added to Guide
R301.2.1.5.1
R301.2.2.6 Section R301.2.2.6 Item 8 on hillside
12 52 text
Item 8 construction added to Guide
Exception for story height with wood
13 R301.3 52 text
construction added to Guide
Foundations in SDC D0, D1 and D2 require
14 R403.1.2 56 Fig 2.16
continuous interior footings
Adds allowance for wet set anchors to
15 R403.1.6 57 text
section
Table
16 59-60 table cells Adds stud to header connection to table
R602.3(1)
17 R602.3.2 61 text, table Adds discussion of top plate splice to Guide
Updates text on notching and boring of
18 R602.6 62 text
holes
Continued on next page
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2021 2021 2018

Update Code Guide
CHAPTER 2
Table
19 62 table cell Updates error in table
R602.7(1)
Updates nail size by referencing Table
20 R602.7.5 65 reference
R602.3(1)
Cripple wall requirements apply only when
21 R602.9 66 text exterior walls are supported on wood cripple
walls
Adds discussion of water resistive barriers
22 R703.2 66 text
to Guide
Table Adds table on maximum roof height for
23 66 table
R703.3(1) wall cladding
24 R802.11 67 text Reorganized text for clarity
CHAPTER 3
Updates provision for placing braced wall
25 R602.10.1.2 72 text
lines
26 R602.10.1.2 74 examples Replaces BWL placement example
Table
27 75 text Tweak table text for wind speed
R602.10.1.3
28 R602.10.2.2 79 text Adds pointers for exceptions
Adds exception for alternate BWPs with hold-
29 R602.10.2.2.1 80-81 text
downs
Table Adds a wind speed category of 'less than 95
30 86 cell
R602.3(1) mph'
Table
31 87 cell Updates error in table
R602.10.3(1)
Table Adds Method PBS to allowed blocking to be
32 90 text
R602.10.3(2) omitted
Table table, Tweaks table header and adds two
33 99-100
R602.10.3(3) footnotes footnotes
Table table, Tweaks table text for clarity and adds a
34 102
R602.10.3(4) footnotes footnote
Table Adds pointer to story height exceptions for
35 103 text
R602.10.3(4) 12 ft tall studs
Updates discussion on Table R602.10.3(4)
Table
36 104 text Item 8 for a new allowance for brick veneer
R602.10.3(4)
in the second story
Table Discussion of options for homes with veneer
37 105 text
R602.10.3(4) expanded in Item H
Table Updates items J through M for changes in
38 105 text
R602.10.3(4) table
Table Updates to wind design example
39 106-131 calculation
R602.10.3(2) calculations
Table
40 133-34 table cells Updates to Methods BV-WSP and PCP
R602.10.4
Table
41 147 table cell Typo in table corrected in Guide
R602.10.5
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2021 2021 2018

Update Code Guide
CHAPTER 3
42 Table 148 table cells Typos in table corrected in Guide
R602.10.5
43 Table 155 table cell Typo in table corrected in Guide
R602.10.5
44 Figure 155 figure Figure updated to match details of IRC
R602.10.6.2 Figure R602.10.6.2
45 Figure 170 figure Notes added to match IRC Figure
R602.10.6.3 R602.10.6.3
46 R602.10.6.4 171 text Limit of four Method CS-PF in one BWL
deleted.
47 R602.10.6.5 174-176 text Veneer section reorganized for clarity
48 R602.10.6.5.4 176 text Section renamed, former Section
R602.10.6.5.1 is now Section
R602.10.6.5.4
49 Table 178 table, Updates table and footnotes to match IRC
R602.10.6.5.4 footnotes
50 R602.10.6.5.4 180 text Delete explanation, interpolation now a
footnote in Table R602.10.6.5.4
51 Table 183 table cells Roof and wall connections updated
R602.3(1)
52 R602.10.8 183 text Table R602.3(1) item number updated
53 Figure 185 text Table R602.3(1) item number updated
R602.10.8(1)
54 Table 185 table Table 3.34 is merged with Table 3.33
R602.3(1)
55 Table 186 figure caption Table R602.3(1) item number updated
R602.3(1)
56 Figure 188 text Typo in text corrected
R602.10.8.2(3)
57 Figure 189 text Add maximum 15.25 inches for height to
R602.10.8.2(1) callout in figure
58 Figure 189 text Add callouts to Table 3.33 to figure
R602.10.8.2(2)
59 Figure 190 figure Exception added to figure with minimum
R602.10.8.2(3) nailing requirement
60 R602.10.9 192 text Table R602.3(1) item number updated
61 R602.10.10.1 199 text Texts adds limit for sheathing on cripple
walls
62 Figure 3.65 200 text Added Note on Max. Porch Extension.
63 Figure 205 figure Figure updated - no horizontal rebar
R403.1.3 required within interior footing
64 R602.11.2, 207 figure caption Typo in section reference corrected
Item 1
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2021 2021 2018

Update Code Guide
CHAPTER 4
65 -- 228 text Typo in text corrected
66 -- 229 table Typo in table headers corrected
67 -- 233 table Braced wall line corrected
68 -- 245 figure Figure color corrected
69 -- 249 figure Add a note to the figure
70 -- 252 figure Revise a wall line placement and add a note
APPENDICES
71 Bibliography 275 text Add reference to the 2021 IRC
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CHAPTER 1: WALL BRACING: WHY IT’S NEEDED AND HOW IT WORKS 1
2018 GUIDE PAGE NUMBERS 3-4
Chapter 1: Wall Bracing:

Why’s It’s Needed and How It Works
UPDATE 1, CHAPTER 1
2018 Guide Page Numbers 3-4
Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Figure 1.2
2021 Update: Replace the 2018 Guide FIGURE 1.2 with the 2021 IRC Figure R301.2(2) as follows.
Additionally, any text in the 2018 Guide that references the 2018 IRC Figure R301.2(5)A should be
replaced by a reference to 2021 IRC Figure R301.2(2).
FIGURE 1.2
Map of ultimate
design wind
speeds
Adapted from
IRC Figure
R301.2(2)
Remarks: The 2021 IRC wall bracing provisions for wind apply only to residential structures located in
areas where ultimate design wind speed is less than 140 miles per hour. Ultimate design wind speeds
are obtained from the 2021 IRC Figure R301.2(2). Former 115 mph zones are broken into specific wind
speeds with greater variation than previous editions of the IRC. Most regions will see a drop in the
required wind speed.
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UPDATE 2, CHAPTER 1
2021 Update: 2018 IRC Figure R301.2(5)B has been renamed to Figure R301.2.1.1 in the 2021 IRC.
2018 Guide FIGURE 1.3 now refers to 2021 IRC Figure R301.2.1.1 as follows. Additionally, any texts in
the 2018 Guide, which reference the 2018 IRC Figure R301.2(5)B, should be replaced by the 2021 IRC
Figure R301.2.1.1.
FIGURE 1.3
Map of regions
that require
wind design
Adapted from IRC

Figure R301.2.1.1
Wind Design Required
Special Wind Regions
Remarks: Some regions of the U.S. that are subject to high winds, as identified in the 2021 IRC Figure
R301.2.1.1, require the use of alternate engineering-based standards or engineered design and are not
eligible for prescriptive bracing. If a specific location is defined in the 2021 IRC Figure R301.2.1.1 as a
“wind design required” region or the ultimate design wind speed is 140 mph or greater, the IRC wind
design provisions do not apply and the alternate standards or the IBC must be used. An area designated
as a “special wind region” requires the designer to check with the local building official to determine
the ultimate design wind speed for that location. The 2021 IRC Section R301.2.1 and CHAPTER 2 cover
these requirements.
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2018 GUIDE PAGE NUMBER 6
UPDATE 3, CHAPTER 1
2021 Update: Revise the description at the top of 2018 Guide Page 6 as follows.
Similar to the wind maps discussed previously, the IRC provides two six sets of earthquake maps (IRC
Figures R301.2(2) R301.2.2.1(1) through R301.2(3) R302.2.1(6)) which display the various Seismic
Design Categories for regions of the country. These six earthquake maps are based on soil Site Class D,
used as an assumed default, as defined in Section 1613.2.2 of the 2021 International Building Code. In the
2018 2021 IRC, a second six additional sets of earthquake maps (IRC Figures R301.2.2.1.1(1) through
R301.2.2.1.1(6)) was were added for buildings built on soils specifically identified as Site Soil Class A,
B or D. These are identified as Alternate Seismic Design Categories and are permitted to be used where
soil conditions are determined by the building official to be soil Site Class A, B or D. Identification can
be based on either a geotechnical report or building department knowledge of local soils in areas with
soils having little variation over wide areas. This new map lowers the potential ground motion (SDS),
sometimes dropping the seismic design category to a lower design category. The Alternate Seismic Design
Category maps lowers the potential ground motion, sometimes dropping the seismic design category to
a lower design category. In general, the same seismic design category (SDC) will be determined using
either map. The portion of the map showing the eastern half of the continental United States is excerpted
in FIGURE 1.5 of this guide.
Remarks: The updated seismic maps provide larger scale individual maps for various portions of the United
States and Territories including the states of Alaska and Hawaii, and the territories of Puerto Rico, Northern
Mariana Islands and American Samoa, as well as two maps making up the 48 contiguous U.S. states.
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UPDATE 4, CHAPTER 1
Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Page 7
2021 Update: Revise the first sentence in the 4th paragraph as follows.
The wind and seismic maps in 2021 IRC Figures R301.2(5) R301.2(2) and R301.2(2) R301.2.1.1,
respectively (copied along with the seismic maps in 2021 IRC Figures R301.2.2.1(1) through R302.2.1(6)
and alternate seismic maps in 2021 IRC Figures R301.2.2.1.1(1) through R301.2.2.1.1(6), and excerpted
in FIGURES 1.2, 1.3 and 1.5) are used to determine the bracing requirements for a given structure in a
particular location. In those regions of the country where the lateral loads for the design-level event
(wind or seismic) are lower, minimal bracing is required for residential-type structures. Other areas
are considered high wind regions, seismic regions, or both. In these regions, additional wall bracing is
required to accommodate the potentially larger lateral loads.
Remarks: The updated seismic maps provide larger scale individual maps for various portions of the United
States and Territories including the states of Alaska and Hawaii, and the territories of Puerto Rico, Northern
Mariana Islands and American Samoa, as well as two maps making up the 48 contiguous U.S. states.
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CHAPTER 2: OTHER RELATED PROVISIONS 5
2018 GUIDE PAGE NUMBERS 32, 34, 35 AND 36
Chapter 2: Other Related Provisions

UPDATE 5, CHAPTER 2
2018 Guide Page Numbers 32, 34, 35 and 36
Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Pages 32, 34, 35 and 36
2021 Update: Replace any texts that reference the 2018 IRC Table R301.2(3) with the 2021 IRC Table
R301.2.1(1).
Remarks: The 2021 IRC Table R301.2.1(1) provides the components and cladding loads for a building
with the mean roof height of 30 feet located in Exposure B. The mean roof height is also used to
determine the upper building height limit for bracing requirements for wind adjusted in accordance with
the 2021 IRC Table R602.10.3(2). The wind bracing requirements are discussed in CHAPTER 3.
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UPDATE 6, CHAPTER 2
2021 Update: Revise the definition for a “Townhouse” in the 2018 IRC and add the definition for a
“Townhouse Unit” based on the 2021 IRC as follows. The 2018 Guide FIGURE 2.1 should be replaced
with the following figure which annotates the 2021 IRC’s new definition of a “Townhouse” and
“Townhouse Unit.”
[RB] TOWNHOUSE. A building that contains three or more attached townhouse units. single-
family dwelling unit constructed in a group of three or more attached units in which each unit
extends from foundation to roof and with a yard or public way on not less than two sides.
[RB] TOWNHOUSE UNIT. A single-family dwelling unit in a townhouse that extends from
foundation to roof and that has a yard or public way on not less than two sides.
FIGURE 2.1
Townhouse with
8 townhouse
units. Plans A
and B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Townhouse Unit Unit Separation Walls
Remarks: Due to confusion between what is required for a townhouse unit and a row of townhouses, a
new definition is added to identify requirements for individual units. Fire requirements in IRC Section
R302 are applied to townhouse units. Wall bracing requirements apply to the group of townhouse units
as a single building although wall bracing can be added to each individual unit separately if preferred.
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UPDATE 7, CHAPTER 2
Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide R301 Wind design criteria
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 IRC R301.2.1 based on the 2021 IRC as follows.
R301.2.1 Wind design criteria. Buildings and portions thereof shall be constructed in
accordance with the wind provisions of this code using the ultimate design wind speed in
Table R301.2 as determined from Figure R301.2(2). The structural provisions of this code for
wind loads are not permitted where wind design is required as specified in Section R301.2.1.1.
Where different construction methods and structural materials are used for various portions of
a building, the applicable requirements of this section for each portion shall apply. Where not
otherwise specified, the wind loads listed in Table R301.2.1(1) adjusted for height and exposure
using Table R301.2.1(2) shall be used to determine design load performance requirements for
wall coverings, curtain walls, roof coverings, exterior windows, skylights, garage doors and
exterior doors. Asphalt shingles shall be designed for wind speeds in accordance with Section
R905.2.4. Metal roof shingles shall be designed for wind speeds in accordance with Section
R905.4.4. A continuous load path shall be provided to transmit the applicable uplift forces in
Section R802.11 from the roof assembly to the foundation. Where ultimate design wind speeds
in Figure R301.2(2) are less than the lowest wind speed indicated in the prescriptive provisions of
this code, the lowest wind speed indicated in the prescriptive provisions of this code shall be used.
Remarks: The 2018 IRC Section R301.2.1 has been changed in the 2021 IRC to reference the new wind
map in the 2021 IRC Figure R301.2(2).
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UPDATE 8, CHAPTER 2
Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Table 2.1
2021 Update: Replace the 2018 Guide TABLE 2.1 with the 2021 IRC Table R301.2 as follows.
TABLE 2.1
Ultimate Design
Subject To Damage From
Local climatic Ground Topo- Special

Wind-
Borne Seismic Winter
Ice Barrier
Under- Air Mean
and geographic Snow
Loado
Speedd
(Mph)
Graphic
Effectsk
Wind
Regionl
Debris
Zonem
Design
Categoryf
Weath-
eringa
Frost Line
Depthb Termitec
Design
Tempe
layment
Requiredh
Flood
Hazardsg
Freezing
Indexi
Annual
Tempj
criteria must
be established MANUAL J DESIGN CRITERIA
by the local Summer
jurisdiction Cooling
Latitude Winter Indoor Indooor
Altitude correction factor
Altitude Heating winter design Outdoor winter design Heating
Elevation Indoor winter design dry-bulb
correction Coincident design tempe- dry-bulb temperature temperature
IRC Table factore wet bulb dry-bulb
temperature
rature
R301.2(1) temp-
erature
Climatic And
Geographic Design Wind
Coincident
velocity
Criteria Wind
Cooling
wet-bulb
Summer humidity
velocity Indoor Daily range Cooling
Cooling temperarture Indoor Winter Outdoor summer
heating summer Indoor summer design temperature
Difference Latitude summer humidity design dry-bulb
Daily design dry-bulb temperature difference
design temperature
range relative
relative
humidity
humidity
or SI: 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s
a. Where weathering requires a higher strength concrete or grade of masonry than necessary to satisfy the structural requirements of this code,
the frost line depth strength required for weathering shall govern. The ASTM C55, ASTM C62, ASTM C73, ASTM C90, ASTM C129, ASTM
C145, ASTM C216 or ASTM C652.
b. Where the frost line depth requires deeper footings than indicated in Figure R403.1(1), the frost line depth strength required for weathering
shall govern. The jurisdiction shall fill in the frost line depth column with the minimum depth of footing below finish grade.
c. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table to indicate the need for protection depending on whether there has been a history of local
subterranean termite damage.
d. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the wind speed from the basic wind speed map [Figure R301.2(2). Wind exposure category
shall be determined on a site-specific basis in accordance with Section R301.2.1.4.
e. The outdoor design dry-bulb temperature shall be selected from the columns of 97.5 % values for winter from Appendix D of the International
Plumbing Code. Deviations from the Appendix AD temerpatures shall be permitted to reflect local elimates or local weather experience as
determined by the building official. [Also see Figure R301.2(2).] The jurisdiction shall fill in this section of the table to establish the design
criteria using Table 10A from the ACCA Manual J or establish criteria determined by the jurisdiction.
f. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the seismic design category determined from Section R301.2.2.1.
g. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with: the date of the jurisdiction’s entry into the National Flood Insurance Program (date
of adoption of the first code or ordinance for management of flood hazard areas); and the title and date(s) of the currently effective Floor
Insurance Study and (c) the panel numbers and dates of the currently effective FIRMS and FBFMs or other flood hazard map study and maps
adopted by the authority having jurisdiction, as amended
h. In accordance with Sections R905.1.2, R905.4.3.1, R905.5.3.1, R905.6.3.1, R905.7.3.1 and R905.8.3.1, where there has been a history of
local damage from the effects of ice damming, the jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with “YES”. Otherwise, the jurisdiction shall fill in
this part of the table with “NO.”
i. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the 100-year return period air freezing index (BF-days) from Figure R403.3(2) or from the
100-year (99 percent) value on the National Climatic Data Center data table “Air Freezing Index-USA Method (Base 32°F).”
j. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with mean annual temperature from the National Climatic Data Center data table “Air Freezing
Index-USA Method (Base 32°F).”
k. In accordance with Section R301.2.1.5, where there is local historical data documenting structural damage to buildings due to topographic
wind speed-up effects, the jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with “YES.” Otherwise, the jurisdiction shall indicate “NO” in this part of
the table.
l. In accordance with Figure R301.2(2), where there is local historical data documenting unnusual wind conditions, the jurisdiction shall fill in this
part of the table with “YES” and identify any specific requirements.
m. In accordance with Section R301.2.1.2.1 the jurisdiction shall indicate the wind-borne debris wind zone(s). Otherwise, the jurisdiction shall
indicate “NO” in this part of the table.
n. The jurisdiction shall fill in these sections of the table to establish the design criteria using Table 1a or 1b from MACCA Manual J or established
criteria determined by the jurisdiction.
o. The jurisdiction shall fill in this section of the table using the Ground Snow Loads in Figures R301.2(3) and R301.2(4).
Remarks: ACCA Manual J requirements are reorganized in IRC Table R301.2 with values listed that can
be determined using the IRC and ACCA Manual J.
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UPDATE 9, CHAPTER 2
Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide explanation of effective wind area example
2021 Update: Revise the wind area example and its explanation as follows. The 2018 IRC Table
R301.2(2) should be replaced with the 2021 IRC Table R301.2.1(1) on Pages 34 through 36 (note the
errata published by ICC on this table).
EXAMPLE: What is the effective wind area for a piece of 4-foot by 8-foot wall sheathing
applied vertically on an 8-foot-tall wall?
The effective wind area is calculated by multiplying the height by the width. Since the
wall studs vertically span 8 feet (effective height), the effective width is one-third the
vertical span of the stud, which is 8 feet ÷ 3 = 2.67 feet. The effective wind area need
not be less than the vertical stud span (effective height) times the effective width, which
is 8 feet x 2.67 feet = 21.3 square feet. Thus, using an approximate effective wind area
of 20 square feet would be reasonable for use in IRC Table R301.2(2) R301.2.1(1) with
respect to panel design and selection.
Note however that if fastener selection were the goal, the tributary area of the critical
fastener would be less than the 20 square feet required for the panel design. For
intermediate fasteners at 12 inches on center with studs spaced 16 inches on center, the
tributary area of a critical fastener would be (12/12 x 16/12 =) 1.33 square feet.
IRC Table R301.2(2) R301.2.1(1) shows that wall pressures for components and
cladding range from +14.3 (pressure) to -19.0 -19.1 pounds per square foot (suction)
for 115 mph ultimate design wind speed in Wind Exposure Category B, Zone 5. The
pressure from this table is then modified by a height and exposure factor from IRC
Table R301.2(3) R301.2.1(2) to determine the design pressure. The exposure categories
range from B to D and are defined in 2021 IRC Section R301.2.1.4 (discussed later in
this chapter). The exterior wall cladding components (wall coverings, curtain walls,
roof coverings, exterior windows, skylights, doors) must have sufficient capacity to
withstand these wind pressures.
Remarks: The 2018 IRC Table R301.2(2) has been updated in the 2021 IRC Table R301.2.1(1) with some
new values.
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UPDATE 10, CHAPTER 2

Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Example: What is the “worst case” wind pressure for
the wall sheathing panel in the previous wind area calculation example?
2021 Update: Revise the example as follows to reflect the table and figure numbers specified in the 2021 IRC.
EXAMPLE: What is the “worst case” wind pressure for the wall sheathing panel in the
previous wind area calculation example?
The panel is in a single-story home (mean roof height less than 30 feet) and located in a
115 mph wind zone, Exposure Category B. The worst case for a wall panel is placement
at the corner of the building. This is Zone 5 (see 2021 IRC Figure R301.2(7) R318.4).
From 2021 IRC Table R301.2(2) R301.2.1(1) (Wall, Zone 5, 20 square feet, 115 miles
per hour), values of +13.6 psf (pounds per square foot) and –17.0 -17.8 psf are shown.
The height and exposure adjustment from 2021 IRC Table R301.2(3) R301.2.1(2) is 1.0.
The positive (+) value is for wind load acting from the outside toward the inside of the
house (pushing the panel toward the wall studs). The negative (–) value is the wind load
pulling the panel away from the studs, creating suction.
ANSWER: The “worst case” wind suction pressure is –17.0 -17.8 psf. The exterior
components of the structure (wall sheathing/wall system) must be selected and attached
properly to withstand this wind suction pressure per IRC Section R301.2.1.
Remarks: The 2021 IRC Figure R318.4 has replaced the 2018 IRC Figure R301.2(7). The 2018 IRC Tables
R301.2(2) and R301.2(3) are replaced with the 2021 IRC Table R301.2.1(1) and R301.2.1(2), respectively.
The wind suction pressure for walls in Zone 5 has changed from -17.0 psf to -17.8 psf.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: NEW Table 2.4 to the 2021 Guide
2021 Update: Insert the new TABLE 2.4 to the 2021 Guide, regarding the topographic effects of ultimate
design wind speed, based on the 2021 IRC Table R301.2.1.5.1 as follows.
TABLE 2.4
Average Slope of The Top Half of Hill, Ridge or Escarpment (Percent)
Ultimate design
0.10 0.125 0.15 0.175 0.20 0.23 0.25
wind speed Ultimate Design Wind
modification for Speed From Figure Required ultimate design wind speed-up modified for
topographic wind R301.2(2) (mph) topographic wind speed-up (mph)
effect 95 114 119 123 127 131 137 140
100 120 125 129 134 138 144 147

IRC Table
R301.2.1.5.1. 105 126 131 135 141 145 151 154
110 132 137 142 147 152 158 162
115 138 143 148 154 159 165 169
120 144 149 155 160 166 172 176
130 156 162 168 174 179 NA NA
140 168 174 181 NA NA NA NA
150 180 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Remarks: The 2021 IRC Table R301.2.1.5.1 existed in the 2018 IRC. The 2021 IRC adds wind speeds
of 95 through 105 mph to the table. This table is added to the 2021 Guide due to the importance of
geographical consideration in the wall bracing design. The table applies to features 500 feet or more
above the surrounding area and dwellings within half the height of the hill or ridge. The increase gets
applied to both sides of the top half of a hill and to the upper half of a ridge or escarpment. See 2021 IRC
Figures R301.2.1.5.1(1) and (2) for additional information.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide R301.2.2.6 Irregular Buildings
2021 Update: Insert the new Item 8 for irregular buildings based on the 2021 IRC as follows.
8. Hillside light-frame construction. Conditions in which all of the following apply:

8.1. The grade slope exceeds 1 unit vertical in 5 units horizontal where averaged across the
full length of any side of the dwelling.
8.2. The tallest cripple wall clear height exceeds 7 feet (2134 mm), or where a post and
beam system occurs at the dwelling perimeter, the post and beam system tallest post
clear height exceeds 7 feet (2134 mm).
8.3. Of the total plan area below the lowest framed floor, whether open or enclosed, less
than 50 percent is living space having interior wall finishes conforming to Section R702.
Where Item 8 is applicable, design in accordance with accepted engineering practice shall be provided
for the floor immediately above the cripple walls or post and beam system and all structural elements
and connections from this diaphragm down to and including connections to the foundation and design
of the foundation to transfer lateral loads from the framing above.
Exception: Light-frame construction in which the lowest framed floor is supported
directly on concrete or masonry walls over the full length of all sides except the downhill
side of the dwelling need not be considered an irregular dwelling under Item 8.
Remarks: Item 8 is a new addition to the 2021 IRC seismic irregularities. Light-frame construction on
a steep hillside requires an engineered design when certain conditions are present as described in Item
8. All three conditions listed must be met before a dwelling is considered irregular. IRC seismic wall
bracing provisions assume an equal distribution to all braced wall panels through a flexible wood floor
system. On a steep hillside, seismic forces act differently, whether acting across the slope or down the
hill, the seismic forces follow the stiffest load path to the uphill foundation.
Floor
FORCE
FLOOR
ROTATION Force
FORCE
Cripple wall
Seismic forces in the direction of the slope move

the building downhill causing the center of the
Seismic forces across the slope foundation to bend or flex inward.
cause the building to rotate.
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Averaging the slope under Item 8.1 along the side of the building focuses on the overall elevation drop
across the building and does not trigger the design requirement based on limited areas of steeper slopes.
For Item 8.2, a cripple wall height or post height exceeding 7 feet requires an engineered design.
Examples are shown below:
Tallest Tallest post

crawlspace clear height
cripple wall exceeds 7'-0"
clear height
exceeds 7'-0"
Cripple wall clear height. Post clear height.
Because interior finishes conforming to IRC Section R702 increase a dwelling’s ability to resist seismic
forces, Item 8.3 describes a basement where less than 50% of the walls are covered with interior finish
materials.
EXCEPTION: If the dwelling is a simple rectangular shape and has full height concrete or masonry walls
supporting the lowest framed floor on three sides, except on the downhill side (often described as a
walk-out basement), the foundation does not require engineering due to a hillside irregularity.
Grade line
Lowest framed floor is supported directly on

concrete or masonry walls over the full length
of all sides except the downhill side
Basement with masonry walls on three sides.
Doors and windows are allowed within the concrete or masonry walls as well as the framed wall on the
downhill side.
A more complex design requires additional masonry or concrete walls. All concrete or masonry walls
need to comply with the provisions of the IRC.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide IRC Section R301.3 Story height
2021 Update: Revised the 2018 IRC Section R301.3 based on the 2021 IRC as follows.
R301.3 Story height. The wind and seismic provisions of this code shall apply to buildings with
story heights not exceeding the following:
1. For wood wall framing, the story height shall not exceed 11 feet 7 inches (3531 mm) and
the laterally unsupported bearing wall stud height permitted by Table R602.3(5).
Exception: A story height not exceeding 13 feet 7 inches (4140 mm) is permitted
provided that the maximum wall stud clear height does not exceed 12 feet (3658 mm),
the wall studs are in accordance with Exception 2 or 3 of Section R602.3.1 or an
engineered design is provided for the wall framing members, and wall bracing for the
building is in accordance with Section R602.10. Studs shall be laterally supported at the
top and bottom plate in accordance with Section R602.3.
5. For structural insulated panel (SIP) walls, the story height shall not exceed 11 feet 7 inches
(3531 mm) and the bearing wall height per story as permitted by Section R610 tables shall
not exceed 10 feet (3048 mm).
For walls other than wood-framed walls, individual walls or wall studs shall be permitted to exceed
these limits as permitted by CHAPTER 6, provided that the story heights of this section are not exceeded.
An engineered design shall be provided for the wall or wall framing members where the limits of
CHAPTER 6 are exceeded. Where the story height limits of this section are exceeded, the design of the
building, or the noncompliant portions thereof, to resist wind and seismic loads shall be in accordance
with the International Building Code.
Remarks: The 2021 IRC adds an exception to item 1 of Section R301.3, regarding maximum story
height. Additionally, use of CHAPTER 6 is referenced where CHAPTER 6 allows walls taller than the
maximum stated here when built with concrete, masonry or cold-formed steel.
In the 2018 IRC, a new Table R602.3(6), Alternate wood bearing wall stud size, height and spacing,
was added which allowed bearing wall stud heights up to 12 feet for limited conditions. However, story
height limits were left at 11 feet-7 inches, which caused a conflict. The 2021 IRC Section R301.3 Item 1
exception allows bearing wall stud clear heights to be increased to 12 feet without engineering, provided
wall bracing is compliant with Section R602.10 and Exception 2 or 3 in Section R602.3.1.
If the dwelling is in an area where the design criteria call for higher loads or a greater wind exposure
category, engineered design is required.
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2021 Update:
a) Revise the description of FIGURE 2.16 to the 2018 Guide as follows.
Two-story
Interior Foundation
Support in SDC D0, D1 and D2
b) Revise the note within the floor plan as follows.

In SDC D2 D0 and D1, two-story, continuous foundation only is required for all exterior walls.
Continuous footings are required for interior braced wall panels unless 1) interior braced wall panels
are at 50 foot or less intervals or ONLY if 2) interior braced wall panels are at more than 50 foot
intervals but met the exceptions are met. If not, all interior braced wall lines must be supported on
continuous footings. In SDC D2, two-story, continuous foundation is required for all exterior walls.
Continuous footings are required for interior braced wall panels unless exceptions are met regardless
of interior braced wall panel intervals.
Remarks: The continuous footing requirements are in accordance with the 2021 IRC Section R403.1.2.
FIGURE 2.16
Braced wall lines
Two-story Interior
Foundation 35' 25' 25'
Support in SDC
D0,D1 And D2
24'
Continuous
foundations
22'
16' In SDC D0 and D1, two-story, continuous foundation is required for all exterior walls.
Continuous footings are required for interior braced wall panels unless 1) interior
braced wall panels are at 50 foot or less intervals or 2) interior braced wall panels
are at more than 50 foot intervals but met the exceptions.
In SDC D2, two-story, continuous foundation is required for all exterior walls.
Continuous footings are required for interior braced wall panels unless exceptions
are met regardless of interior braced wall panel intervals.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 IRC Section R403.1.6 Foundation anchorage
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 IRC Section R403.1.6 foundation anchorage based on the 2021 IRC as
follows.
R403.1.6 Foundation anchorage. Wood sill plates and wood walls supported directly on
continuous foundations shall be anchored to the foundation in accordance with this section.
Cold-formed steel framing shall be anchored directly to the foundation or fastened to wood sill
plates in accordance with Section R505.3.1 or R603.3.1, as applicable. Wood sill plates supporting
cold-formed steel framing shall be anchored to the foundation in accordance with this section.
Wood sole plates at all exterior walls on monolithic slabs, wood sole plates of braced wall
panels at building interiors on monolithic slabs and all wood sill plates shall be anchored to the
foundation with minimum 1/2-inch-diameter (12.7 mm) anchor bolts spaced not greater than 6
feet (1829 mm) on center or approved anchors or anchor straps spaced as required to provide
equivalent anchorage to 1/2-inch-diameter (12.7 mm) anchor bolts. Bolts shall extend not less
than 7 inches (178 mm) into concrete or grouted cells of concrete masonry units. The bolts shall
be located in the middle third of the width of the plate. A nut and washer shall be tightened on
each anchor bolt. There shall be not fewer than two bolts per plate section with one bolt located
not more than 12 inches (305 mm) or less than seven bolt diameters from each end of the plate
section. Interior bearing wall sole plates on monolithic slab foundation that are not part of a
braced wall panel shall be positively anchored with approved fasteners. Sill plates and sole plates
shall be protected against decay and termites where required by Sections R317 and R318. Anchor
bolts shall be permitted to be located while concrete is still plastic and before it has set. Where
anchor bolts resist placement or the consolidation of concrete around anchor bolts is impeded,
the concrete shall be vibrated to ensure full contact between the anchor bolts and concrete.
Exceptions:
1. Walls 24 inches (610 mm) total length or shorter connecting offset braced wall
panels shall be anchored to the foundation with not fewer than one anchor bolt
located in the center third of the plate section and shall be attached to adjacent
braced wall panels at corners as shown in Item 9 of Table R602.3(1).
2. Connection of walls 12 inches (305 mm) total length or shorter connecting
offset braced wall panels to the foundation without anchor bolts shall be
permitted. The wall shall be attached to adjacent braced wall panels at corners
as shown in Item 9 of Table R602.3(1).
Remarks: The 2021 IRC allows anchor bolts to be placed into plastic, non-set concrete. Additionally,
the 2021 IRC specifies how to ensure the anchor bolt has full interaction with the concrete when the
condition of the concrete is less than ideal for placing anchor bolts by vibrating the concrete to create
contact between bolts and the concrete.
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2021 Update: Insert the new Item 12 to TABLE 2.7 of the 2018 Guide as follows based on the 2021 IRC
Table R602.3(1). Items listed after item 12 are renumbered accordingly.
TABLE 2.7
5-8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113"); or
Fastening 11 Continuous header to stud 4-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or Toe nail
Schedule – Wall 4-10d box (3" x 0.128")
Section
4-16d box (3-1/2" x 0.135"); or
Adjacent full-height stud to 3-16d common (3-1/2" x 0162"); or
12 End nail
IRC Table end of header 4-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
R602.3(1) 4-3" x 0.131" nails
16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162") 16" o.c. face nail
12
Top plate to top plate 10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
13 12" o.c. face nail
3" x 0.131" nails
Remarks: End nailing of the header to neighboring full-height studs is listed with the minimum nail sizes.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: NEW 2021 IRC Section R602.3.2 Top Plate and Table R602.3.2 to
the 2021 Guide
2021 Update: Insert the 2021 IRC Section R602.3.2 after 2018 Guide TABLE 2.6, before Section R602.3.5.
R602.3.2 Top plate. Wood stud walls shall be capped with a double top plate installed to
provide overlapping at corners and intersections with bearing partitions. End joints in top plates
shall be offset not less than 24 inches (610 mm). Joints in plates need not occur over studs. Plates
shall be not less than 2-inches (51 mm) nominal thickness and have a width not less than the
width of the studs.
Exception: A single top plate used as an alternative to a double top plate shall comply
with the following:
1. The single top plate shall be tied at corners, intersecting walls, and at in-line
splices in straight wall lines in accordance with Table R602.3.2.
2. The rafters or joists shall be centered over the studs with a tolerance of not
more than 1 inch (25 mm).
3. Omission of the top plate is permitted over headers where the headers are
adequately tied to adjacent wall sections in accordance with Table R602.3.2.
TABLE 2.6
Top-Plate Splice Location
Single Top-Plate
Corners and intersecting walls Butt joint in straight walls
Splice Connection
Details Minimum nails Minimum nails
Splice plate Splice plate
each side of each side of
size size
Condition joint joint
IRC Table
3" x 6" x 0.036" 3" x 12" x 0.036"
R602.3.2 Structures in SDC A-C; and in SDC (6) 8d box (12) 8d box
galvanized galvanized
D0, D1 and D2 with braced wall line (2-1/2" x 0.11") (2-1/2" x 0.113")
steel plate or steel plate or
spacing less than 25 feet nails nails
equivalent equivalent
3" x 8" x 0.036" 3" x 16" x 0.036"
Structures in SDC D0, D1 and D2, (9) 8d box (18) 8d box
galvanized galvanized
with braced wall line spacing greater (2-1/2" x 0.113") (2-1/2" x 0.113")
steel plate or steel plate or
than or equal to 25 feet nails nails
equivalent equivalent
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
Remarks: Everyone is familiar with a double top plate construction. The following information on the
exception for using a single top plate is provided for those designing with advanced framing techniques
that are efficient for material usage in a building and therefore provide opportunities for added insulation
and labor and material savings. Examples of some of the connection plates are shown below.
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LONGITUDINAL TOP PLATE SPLICE

PRESCRIPTIVE CONNECTION
3" x 6" x 0.036" galvanized steel plate.

(6) 8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113")
nails each side (2015 IRC Table R602.3.2).
3" x 12" x 0.036" galvanized

steel plate at plate splice.
(12) 8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113")
nails each side. (2015 IRC
Table R602.3.2)
3" x 6" x 0.036"

galvanized steel plate.
(6) 8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113")
nails each side
(2015 IRC Table R602.3.2).
For additional information on advanced framing, See APA form M400, Advanced Framing Construction
Guide available as a free download here: Advanced Framing Construction Guide.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: NEW 2021 IRC Section R602.6
2021 Update: Insert the 2021 IRC Section R602.6 to the 2021 Guide, regarding the drilling and notching
of studs as follows.
R602.6 Drilling and notching of studs. Drilling and notching of studs shall be in accordance
with the following:
1. Notching. A stud in an exterior wall or bearing partition shall not be cut or notched to a depth
exceeding 25 percent of its depth. Studs in nonbearing partitions shall not be notched to a
depth exceeding 40 percent of a single stud depth.
2. Boring. The diameter of bored holes in studs shall not exceed 60 percent of the stud depth, the
edge of the hole shall not be less than 5/8 inch (16 mm) from the edge of the stud, and the
hole shall not be located in the same section as a cut or notch. Where the diameter of a bored
hole in a stud located in exterior walls or bearing partitions is over 40 percent such stud shall
be doubled and not more than two successive doubled studs shall be so bored. See Figures
R602.6(1) and R602.6(2 ).
Exception: Where approved, stud shoes are installed in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
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FIGURE 2.18
Notching and
Bored Hole
Limitations For
Exterior Walls
and Bearing
Walls Top plate
IRC Figure
R602.6(1)
Stud
Bored hole max.

diameter 40% of
stud depth
5/8" min. to edge

5/8" min. to edge
Notch must not exceed

25% of stud depth
If hole is between 40% and 60% of stud depth.
Bored holes shall not Then stud must be double and no more than two
be located in the same successive studs are doubled and so bored.
cross section of cut or
notch in stud
Remarks: This section is added to the Guide due to confusion with notching and boring requirements in
the field. While this section existed in the 2018 IRC, it was not referenced in the 2018 Guide. Compliance
with 2021 IRC Section R602.6 is imperative for the structural integrity of shear walls and their bracing.
Notching to accommodate HVAC, electrical or other necessary building components is permitted so long
as it does not render the structural capacity inefficient. It is critical that any notching of studs follows the
guidelines laid out in Section R602.6.
Bearing walls are limited to a notch of 25% of the depth for exterior walls or load-bearing partitions and
40% of the depth for non-load-bearing partitions. Holes are limited to 60% of the depth. However, if a
hole that is larger than 40% of the depth is bored in exterior walls or load-bearing partitions, the stud
must be doubled up.
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2021 Update: Correct the value in the NJd column of the 1-2 x 6 size in the 2021 Guide TABLE 2.9 based
on the 2021 IRC Table R602.7(1) as follows.
TABLE 2.9
Ground Snow Load (psf)
Girder Spansa
And Header 30
Spansa For
Exterior Bearing Building widthc (feet)
Walls (Excerpted) Girders and 12 24 36
Headers
Supporting Size Span NJ d
Span NJ d
Span NJd
(Maximum spans
for Douglas fir- 1-2 × 6 4-0 1 3-1 2 2-7 2
larch, hem-fir, Roof and ceiling
and spruce-pine- 1-2 × 8 5-1 2 3-11 2 3-3 2
firb and required
number of jack
studs)
IRC Table
R602.7(1)
Remarks: Corrects an error for the number of jack studs in the 2018 Guide TABLE 2.9.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 IRC Section R602.7.5
2021 Update: Revise the IRC Section R602.7.5 Supports for headers in the 2021 Guide based on the
2021 IRC Section R602.7.5 as follows.
R602.7.5 Supports for headers. Headers shall be supported on each end with one or more
jack studs or with approved framing anchors in accordance with Table R602.7(1) or R602.7(2).
The full height stud adjacent to each end of the header shall be end nailed to each end of the
header with four 16d nails (3.5 inches x 0.135 inches) in accordance with Table R602.3(1). The
minimum number of full-height studs at each end of header shall be in accordance with Table
R602.7.5.
Remarks: A reference to Table R602.3(1) is added to the 2021 IRC for the connection of the header to
adjacent full-height studs. This allows additional nailing options beyond the 16d box nail previously
called out in the section.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 IRC Section R602.9 Cripple Walls
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 IRC Section R602.9 as follows.
R602.9 Cripple Walls. Foundation cripple walls shall be framed of studs not smaller than the
studding above. When exceeding 4 feet (1219 mm) in height, such walls shall be framed of studs
having the size required for an additional story.
Exterior cripple walls with a stud height less than 14 inches (356 mm) shall be continuously
sheathed on one side with wood structural panels fastened to both the top and bottom plates in
accordance with Table R602.3(1) or the cripple walls shall be constructed of solid blocking.
All cripple walls shall be supported on continuous foundations.
Remarks: The 2021 IRC Section R602.9 Cripple Walls is updated to specify that exterior cripple walls
with a stud height less than 14 inches (356 mm) should be continuously sheathed. This is in contrast
to the 2018 IRC that did not specify that the requirements are applicable only to the exterior cripple
walls. Where wood cripple walls are used only for interior support and exterior walls are concrete or
masonry, sheathing of the cripple walls is not required. See Section R602.10.10 for cripple wall bracing
requirements.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: NEW IRC Section R703.2
2021 Update: Insert the new 2021 IRC Section R703.2 Water-resistive barrier to the 2021 Guide as follows.
R703.2 Water -resistive barrier. One layer of No. 15 asphalt felt, free from holes and breaks,
complying with ASTM D226 for Type 1 felt or other approved water-resistive barrier shall be applied
over studs or sheathing of all exterior walls. No. 15 asphalt felt shall be applied horizontally, with
the upper layer lapped over the lower layer not less than 2 inches (51 mm). Where joints occur,
felt shall be lapped not less than 6 inches (152 mm). Other approved materials shall be installed
in accordance with the water-resistive barrier manufacturer’s installation instructions. The No. 15
asphalt or other approved water-resistive barrier material shall be continuous to the top of walls
and terminated at penetrations and building appendages in a manner to meet the requirements
of the exterior wall envelope as described in Section R703.1. Not fewer than one layer of water-
resistive barrier shall be applied over studs or sheathing of all exterior walls with flashing as
indicated in Section R703.4, in such a manner as to provide a continuous water-resistive barrier
behind the exterior wall veneer. The water-resistive barrier material shall be continuous to the
top of walls and terminated at penetrations and building appendages in a manner to meet the
requirements of the exterior wall envelope as described in Section R703.1. Water-resistive barrier
materials shall comply with one of the following:
1. No. 15 felt complying with ASTM D226, Type 1.

2. ASTM E2568, Type 1 or 2.
3. ASTM E331 in accordance with Section R703.1.1.
4. Other approved materials in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation
instructions.
No. 15 asphalt felt and water-resistive barriers complying with ASTM E2556 shall be applied
horizontally, with the upper layer lapped over the lower layer not less than 2 inches (51 mm), and
where joints occur, shall be lapped not less than 6 inches (152 mm).
Remarks: This section covers the addition of water-resistive barriers to studs or sheathing on exterior
walls. In the 2021 IRC, the water-resistive barriers may be No. 15 felt, materials meeting ASTM E2568 or
E331 or another material approved by the building official.
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CHAPTER 3: 2018 IRC BRACING PROVISIONS 26

Section/Table/Figure Number: NEW 2021 Guide Table 2.11
2021 Update: Insert 2021 IRC Section R703.3.2 and the new TABLE 2.11 to the 2021 Guide based on the
2021 IRC Table R703.3.2 as follows.
R703.3.2 Wind limitations. Where the design wind pressure exceeds 30 psf or where the limits
of Table R703.3.2 are exceeded, the attachment of wall coverings and soffits shall be designed
to resist the component and cladding loads specified in Table R301.2.1(1) for walls, adjusted for
height and exposure in accordance with Table R301.2.1(2). For the determination of wall covering
and soffit attachment, component and cladding loads shall be determined using an effective
wind area of 10 square feet (0.93 m2).
TABLE 2.11
Maximum Mean Roof Height
Limits for
Exposure
Attachment per
the 2021 IRC Ultimate Wind Speed (mph 3-second gust) B C D
Table R703.3(1) 95 NL NL NL
100 NL NL NL
IRC Table 105 NL NL NL
R703.3(1)
110 NL NL 40'
115 NL 50' 20'
120 NL 30' DR
130 60' 15' DR
140 35' DR DR
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.446 m/s.
NL = Not Limted by Table R703.3.2, DR = Design Required.
Remarks: 2021 IRC Table R703.3(1) provides the minimum attachment for the exterior wall covering
subject to an assumed design wind pressure of 30 psf or the ultimate design wind speed limitations
specified in Table R703.3.2. Where the design wind pressure exceeds 30 psf or where the limits of Table
R703.3.2 are exceeded, according to the 2021 IRC Section R703.3.2, the attachment of wall coverings and
soffits shall be designed to resist the component and cladding loads specified in Table R301.2.1(1) for
walls, adjusted for height and exposure in accordance with Table R301.2.1(2).
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Section R802 Wood Roof Framing
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 IRC Section R802.11.1 Uplift resistance based on the 2021 IRC Section
R802.11 Roof tie uplift resistance as follows:
R802.11.1 R802.11 Roof tie uplift resistance. Roof assemblies shall have uplift resistance
in accordance with Sections R802.11.1 and R802.11.2. Where the uplift force does not exceed
200 pounds (90.8 kg), rafters and trusses spaced not more than 24 inches (610 mm) on center
shall be permitted to be attached to their supporting wall assemblies in accordance with Table
R602.3(1). Where the basic wind speed does not exceed 115 mph, the wind exposure category is
B, the roof pitch is 5:12 (42-percent slope) or greater, and the roof span is 32 feet (9754 mm) or
less, rafters and trusses spaced not more than 24 inches (610 mm) on center shall be permitted
to be attached to their supporting wall assemblies in accordance with Table R602.3(1).
Exceptions: Rafters or trusses shall be permitted to be attached to their supporting wall
assemblies in accordance with Table R602.3(1).
1. Where the uplift force per rafter or truss does not exceed 200 pounds (90.8 kg)
as determined by Table R802.11.
2. Where the basic wind speed does not exceed 115 miles per hour (51.4 m/s), the
wind exposure category is B, the roof pitch is 5 units vertical in 12 units horizontal
(42-percent slope) or greater, the roof span is 32 feet (9754 mm) or less, and
rafters and trusses are spaced not more than 24 inches (610 mm) on center.
R802.11.1.1 Truss uplift resistance. Trusses shall be attached to supporting wall assemblies
by connections capable of resisting uplift forces as specified on the truss design drawings for
the ultimate design wind speed as determined by Figure R301.2(2) and listed in Table R301.2
or as shown in the construction documents. Uplift forces as determined shall be permitted to
be determined as specified by Table R802.11, if applicable, or as determined by accepted
engineering practice.
R802.11.1.2 Rafter uplift resistance. Individual rafters shall be attached to supporting wall
assemblies by connections capable of resisting uplift forces as determined by Table R802.11 or as
determined by accepted engineering practice. Connections for beams used in a roof system shall
be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice.
Remarks: The code requirements have not changed within this section. This is a rewrite of the text for clarity.
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Chapter 3:
2018 IRC Bracing Provisions
Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 IRC Section R602.10.1.2
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 IRC section R602.10.1.2 as follows.
R602.10.1.2 Offsets along a Location of braced wall line lines and permitted offsets. Each
braced wall line shall be located such that no more than two-thirds of the required braced wall
panel length is located to one side of the braced wall line. Braced wall panels shall be permitted to
be offset up to 4 feet (1219 mm) from the designated braced wall line. Braced wall panels parallel
to a braced wall line shall be offset not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) from the designated braced
wall line location as shown in Figure R602.10.1.1.
Exterior walls parallel to a braced wall line shall be offset not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) from the
designated braced wall line location as shown in Figure R602.10.1.1.
Interior walls used as bracing shall be offset not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) from a braced wall line
through the interior of the building as shown in Figure R602.10.1.1.
Remarks: The 2021 IRC Section R602.10.1.2 has been completely revised and renamed from the 2018
IRC. These revisions require that braced wall panels be more evenly distributed throughout the braced
wall line.
Past confusion with offsets to a braced wall line led some to interpret that even if a dwelling had a single
continuous exterior wall, the braced wall line could be shown 4 feet inward of that physical wall line.
This was not addressed until the 2021 IRC. The 2021 IRC requires that at least one-third of all braced
wall panels be located on a braced wall line or on the opposite side of the braced wall line from the other
braced wall panels. The 4-foot requirement still stands, which allows braced wall panels to be within
4 feet of the braced wall line. If a single wall forms the entire braced wall line, all braced wall panels are
required to be on the braced wall line (on the physical wall).
See Update 26 additions to Figure 3.3 on Page 74 of the 2018 Guide for a graphic description of the permitted
offsets from braced wall lines.
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2021 Update: Replace the 2018 Guide FIGURE 3.3 by the following drawings.
FIGURE 3.3
Braced wall line (BWL) examples:
Braced Wall Line
Offsets along a Braced Wall Panel (BWP)
braced wall line
and effective EXAMPLE 1: BWL A BWL B
(imaginary)
braced wall lines BWL 1
(BWL)
IRC Figure
R602.10.1.1
Braced Wall Lines
BWL 2
BWL 1: line runs between two walls, 4 of 6 panels on outside side line, 2 of 6 panels on opposite
side of line = OK
BWL 2: line runs between three walls, 1 of 4 panels outside line, 2 of 4 panels on BWL and 1 of 4
panels inside line = OK
BWL A: line runs between two walls, 2 of 3 panels on one side of line, 1 of 3 panels on opposite
side of line = OK
BWL B: line runs along single wall, 2 of 2 panels on BWL = OK
EXAMPLE 2: BWL A BWL B
BWL 1
BWL 2
BWL 1: line runs between two walls, 4 of 6 panels on outside side of line, 2 of 6 panels on
opposite side of line = OK
panels inside line = OK
side of line = OK
BWL B: line runs inside single wall, 2 of 2 panels outside BWL = NO GOOD
EXAMPLE 3: BWL A BWL B BWL C
BWL 1
BWL 2
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opposite side of line = OK
panels inside line = OK CHAPTER 3: 2018 IRC BRACING PROVISIONS 30
side of line = OK
BWL B: line runs inside single wall, 2 of 2 panels outside BWL = NO GOOD
FIGURE 3.3
(Continued) EXAMPLE 3: BWL A BWL B BWL C
BWL 1
Offsets along a
braced wall line
and effective
(imaginary) BWL 2
braced wall lines
(BWL)
IRC Figure
R602.10.1.1
Braced Wall Lines
BWL 3
BWL 1: line runs along a single wall, 4 of 4 panels are on the BWL = OK
BWL 2: line runs along a single wall, 1 of 1 panel is on the BWL = OK
BWL 3: line runs between two walls, 2 of 3 panels on one side of line, 1 of 3 panels on opposite
side of line = OK
BWL A: line runs along a single wall, 4 of 4 panels are on the BWL = OK
BWL B: line runs between two walls, 2 of 3 panels on one side of line, 1 of 3 panels on opposite
side of line = OK
BWL C: line runs along a single wall, 2 of 2 panels are on the BWL = OK
EXAMPLE 4: BWL A BWL B BWL C
BWL 1
BWL 2
BWL 1: line runs between two walls, 4 of 5 panels on one side of line, 1 of 5 panels on oppsite
side of line = NO GOOD, as more than 2/3 of panels on one side of the BWL
BWL 2: line runs on one wall, 3 of 5 panels on one side of line, 2 of 5 panels on the wall = OK
BWL A: line inside of a single wall, 4 of 4 panels are on one side of the BWL = NO GOOD
BWL B: line runs between two walls, 1 of 2 panels on one side of line, 1 of 2 panels on opposite
side of line = OK
BWL C: line inside of a single wall, 2 of 2 panels are on the outside of the BWL = NO GOOD
Remarks: These drawings illustrate the permitted offset of wall bracing from braced wall lines in
accordance with the 2021 IRC Section R602.10.1.2.
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2021 Update: Revise 2018 Guide TABLE 3.1 based on the 2021 IRC Table R602.10.1.3 as follows.
TABLE 3.1
Braced Wall Line Spacing Criteria
Braced wall line Building Exception to
spacing Application Condition Type Maximum Spacing Maximum Spacing
Ultimate design
Detached,
IRC Table Wind bracing wind speed 110
townhouse
60 feet None
R602.10.1.3 mph to <140 mph
Braced Wall Line
Spacing
Remarks: The 2018 Guide TABLE 3.1 has been updated based on the 2021 IRC Table R602.10.1.3. The
updated table has removed the minimum ultimate design wind speed condition for wall bracing due to winds.
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2021 Update: Revise 2018 IRC Section R602.10.2.2 Locations of braced wall panels as follows.
R602.10.2.2 Locations of braced wall panels. A braced wall panel shall begin within 10 feet
(3810 mm) from each end of a braced wall line as determined in Section R602.10.1.1. The
distance between adjacent edges of braced wall panels along a braced wall line shall be not
greater than 20 feet (6096 mm) as shown in Figure R602.10.2.2.
Exceptions:
1. Braced wall panels in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1, and D2 shall comply
with Section R602.10.2.2.1.
2. Braced wall panels with continuous sheathing in Seismic Design Categories A,
B, or C shall comply with Section R602.10.7.
Remarks: The 2021 IRC has added exceptions to Section R602.10.2.2 Locations of braced wall panels to
address seismic design considerations. These requirements already exist in other sections, the exceptions
simply add a reference.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 IRC Section R602.10.2.2.1
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 IRC Section R602.10.2.2.1 Location of braced wall panels in seismic
design categories D0, D1, and D2 based on the 2021 IRC as follows.
R602.10.2.2.1 Location of braced wall panels in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1,
and D2. Braced wall panels shall be located at each end of a braced wall line.
Exceptions:
1. Braced wall panels constructed of Method WSP or BV-WSP and continuous
sheathing methods as specified in Section R602.10.4 shall be permitted to
begin not more than 10 feet (3048 mm) from each end of a braced wall line
provided that each end complies with one of the following:
1.1 A minimum 24-inch-wide (610 mm) panel for Methods WSP, CS-WSP, CS-G
and CS-PF is applied to each side of the building corner as shown in End
Condition 4 of Figure R602.10.7.
1.2 The end of each braced wall panel closest to the end of the braced wall line
shall have an 1,800-pound (8 kN) hold-down device fastened to the stud at
the end of the braced wall panel closest to the corner and to the foundation
or framing below as shown in End Condition 5 of Figure R602.10.7.
2. Braced wall panels constructed of Method PFH or ABW, or of Method BV-WSP
where a hold-down is provided in accordance with Table R602.10.6.5.4, shall
be permitted to begin not more than 10 feet (3048 mm) from each of a braced
wall line.
Remarks: Exceptions 1.1 and 1.2 have been in the IRC for some time and establish the end conditions
required in SDC D0, D1 and D2. When bracing methods already include a hold-down to restrain the panel
from overturning, the panel can be located up to 10 feet from the corner as long as that hold-down is
rated at 1800 pounds or more. Method PFH includes hold-downs with a minimum capacity of 3500
pounds and Method ABW includes a hold-down with a minimum capacity of 1800 pounds. Therefore,
PFH and ABW automatically qualify for this exception and can be located up to 10 feet from the corner.
Method BW-WSP typically includes a hold-down with a capacity greater than 1800 pounds. However,
there is one case (a 1-story dwelling in SDC D0) where Method BV-WSP does not require a hold-down.
By adding the text, “where a hold-down is provided in accordance with Table R602.10.5.4”, all of these
methods comply and can be placed up to 10 feet from the end of the braced wall line as the first panel in
the wall line.
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2021 Update: Insert the following information to the 2018 Guide TABLE 3.3 (2018 IRC Table
R602.10.3(1)) in accordance with the 2021 IRC
TABLE 3.3
 Exposure Category B
Unadjusted  30 Foot Mean Roof Height
Minimum Total Length (feet) of Braced Wall Panels
wind bracing  10 Foot Eave-To-Ridge Height
Required Along Each Braced Wall Linea
requirements  10 Foot Wall Height
 2 Braced Wall Lines
Methods
IRC Table Braced DWB, WSP, SFB, Methods
R602.10.3(1) Ultimate Wall Line PBS, PCP, HPS, CS-WSP,
BV-WSP, ABW,
Bracing Design Wind Spacing PFH, CS-G,
Requirements Speed (mph) Story Location (feet) Method LIBb Method GB PFC, CS-SFBc CS-PF
Based On Wind 10 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.5
Speed 20 4.5 4.5 2.5 2.5
30 6.5 6.5 4.0 3.5
40 8.5 8.5 5.0 4.0
50 10.5 10.5 6.0 5.0
60 12.5 12.5 7.0 6.0
10 5.0 5.0 3.0 2.5
20 8.5 8.5 5.0 4.5
30 12.5 12.5 7.0 6.0
≤ 95 mph
40 16.0 16.0 9.5 8.0
50 20.0 20.0 11.5 10.0
60 23.5 23.5 13.5 11.5
10 NP 7.0 4.0 3.5
20 NP 13.0 7.5 6.5
30 NP 18.5 10.5 9.0
40 NP 24.0 13.5 11.5
50 NP 29.5 17.0 14.5
60 NP 35.0 20.0 17.0
Remarks: The updated wind map in the 2021 IRC allows wind speeds in some areas that are less than
95 mph. To address these lower wind speed areas, the 2021 IRC Table R602.10.3(1) adds a category for
less than 95 mph. Based on the 2021 IRC, there are many areas of the country where wind speeds are
below the previous lower limit of 110 mph in the 2018 IRC. Using the 110 mph for regions with ultimate
design wind speeds below 110 mph was deemed unnecessarily conservative.
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2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide TABLE 3.3 based on the 2021 IRC Table R602.10.3(1) as follows.
TABLE 3.3
(Continued)
 Exposure Category B
 30 Foot Mean Roof Height
Unadjusted  10 Foot Eave-To-Ridge Height
Required Along Each Braced Wall Linea
wind bracing  10 Foot Wall Height
requirements  2 Braced Wall Lines
Methods
Braced DWB, WSP, SFB, Methods
IRC Table Ultimate Wall Line PBS, PCP, HPS, CS-WSP,
R602.10.3(1) Design Wind Spacing Method
BV-WSP, ABW,
CS-G,
PFH,
Bracing Speed (mph) Story Location (feet) LIBb Method GB PFC, CS-SFBc CS-PF
Requirements 10 4.0 4.0 2.5 2.0
Based On Wind
20 7.0 7.0 4.0 3.5
Speed
30 10.5 10.5 6.0 5.0
40 13.5 13.5 8.0 6.5
50 16.5 16.5 9.5 8.0
60 19.5 19.5 11.5 9.5
10 7.5 7.5 4.5 3.5
20 14.0 14.0 8.0 7.0
30 20.0 20.0 11.5 9.5
≤ 120
40 25.5 25.5 15.0 12.5
50 31.5 31.5 18.0 15.5
60 37.5 37.5 21.5 18.5
10 NP 11.0 6.5 5.5
20 NP 20.5 11.5 10.0
30 NP 29.0 17.0 14.5
40 NP 38.0 22.0 18.5
50 NP 47.0 27.0 23.0
60 NP 55.5 32.0 27.0
Remarks: The Methods CS-WSP, CS-G, CS-PF value for the 50-foot wall line spacing in the first floor
location in a 3-story building in the “≤120 mph” category should be corrected to 23.0 feet based on the
2021 IRC.
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TABLE 3.4
(Continued)
Adjustment Factora, b
Item Adjustment Story/ [multiply length from Table Applicable
Adjustment Number Based On Supporting Condition R602.10.3(1) by this factor] Methods
factors to
Fastened to the
the required end studs of
wind bracing Additional
each braced DWB, WSP,
determined in 5
800-pound
Top story only wall panel 0.80 SFB, PBS, PCP,
Table 3.3 hold-down
and to the HPS
device
foundation or
framing below
IRC Table
R602.10.3(2) Interior gypsum
Omitted from DWB, WSP,
inside face of SFB, PBS, PCP,
Wind Adjustment 6 board finish Any story
braced wall
1.40
HPS, CS-WSP,
Factors to The (or equivalent)
panels CS-G, CS-SFB
Required Length of
Wall Bracing 4 inches o.c. at
panel edges,
including top
Gypsum board
7 Any story and bottom 0.7 GB
fastening
plates, and all
horizontal joints
blocked
Horizontal Horizontal block WSP, PBS,

8 Any story 2.0
blocking is omitted CS-WSP
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 305 mm, 1 pound = 4.48 N.
a. Linear interpolation shall be permitted.
b. The total adjustment factor is the product of all applicable adjustment factors.
c. The adjustment factor is permitted to be 1.0 when determining bracing amounts for intermediate braced wall lines provided the bracing
amounts on adjacent braced wall lines are based on a spacing and number that neglects the intermediate braced wall line.
d. The same adjustment factor shall be applied to all braced wall lines on all floors of the structure, based on the worst-case exposure category.
Remarks: The 2021 IRC Table R602.10.3(2) Wind adjustment factors to the required length of wall has
included Method PBS as an applicable method for omitting horizontal blocking in Item 8.
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2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide TABLE 3.5 based on 2021 IRC Table 602.10.3(3) Bracing
requirements based on seismic design category as follows.
TABLE 3.5
 Soil Class Db
Unadjusted  Wall Height = 10 Feet
seismic bracing  10 psf Floor Dead Load
Required Along Each Braced Wall Linea,f,g
requirements  15 psf Roof/Ceiling Dead Load
 Braced Wall Line Spacing ≤ 25 Feet
Methods Methods
IRC Table
DWB, DWB, Methods
R602.10.3(3)
Seismic Braced Wall SFB, PBS, ABWf, CS-WSP,
Bracing Design Line Length Method Method PCP, HPS, PFHf, and CS-G,
Requirements Categoryb Story Location (feet)c LIBd GB CS-SFBe PFGe,f CS-PF
Based on Seismic a. Linear interpolation shall be permitted.
Design Category b. Wall bracing lengths are based on a soil site class “D.” Interpolation of bracing length between the Sds values associated with the Seismic Design
Categories shall be permitted when a site-specific Sds value is determined in accordance with Section 1613.3 of the International Building Code.
c. Where the braced wall line length is greater than 50 feet, braced wall lines shall be permitted to be divided into shorter segments having
lengths of 50 feet or less, and the amount of bracing within each segment shall be in accordance with this table.
d. Method LIB shall have gypsum board fastened to not less than one side with nails or screws in accordance with Table R602.3(1) for exterior
sheathing or Table R702.3.5 for interior gypsum board. Spacing of fasteners at panel edges shall not exceed 8 inches.
e. Methods PFG and CS-SFB do not apply in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2.
f. Methods PFH, PFG and ABW are only permitted on a single story or a first or two stories.
f. g. Where more than one bracing method is used, mixing methods shall be in accordance with Section R602.10.4.1.
h. One- and two-family dwellings in Seismic Design Category D2 exceeding two stories shall be designed in accordance with accepted
Remarks: The reference to Site Soil Class D has been removed from the 2021 IRC Table R602.10.3(3)
footnote b and the table header. As Class D soils are no longer always the basis for seismic design
category, removing Class D soils from the table shows that the SDCs are no longer based exclusively
on Class D soils. Determination of soil class can be based on a geotechnical report or on building
department knowledge of local soils in locations with soils having little variation over wide areas. In
some cases, it is possible to lower the seismic design category by using the Alternate Seismic Design
Categories discussed on pages 6-7 of the 2018 Guide.
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TABLE 3.6
Walls with stone or
Adjustment masonry veneer,
See Table R602.10.6.5
factors to 7 detached one and Any story BV-WSP
Section R602.10.6.5.4
two-family dwellings in
the required
SDC D0 – D2f
seismic bracing
determined in See Table
Walls with stone or
R602.10.6.5
Table 3.5 masonry veneer,
First and second story Limited brick
8 detached one- and 1.2 WSP, CS-WSP
of two-story dwelling veneer on second
two-family dwellings in
story. See Section
IRC Table SDC D0 – D2d,f
R602.10.6.5.3.
R602.10.3(4)
DWB, WSP,
Seismic Adjustment Omitted from SFB, PBS, PCP,
Factors to the Interior gypsum board
9 Any story inside face of 1.5 HPS, CS-WSP,
finish (or equivalent)
Required Length of braced wall panels CS-G,
Wall Bracing CS-SFB
Horizontal WSP, PBS,
10 Horizontal blocking Any story 2.0
blocking omitted CS-WSP
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
b. The total length of bracing required for a given wall line is the product of all applicable adjustment factors.
c. The length-to-width ratio for the floor/roof diaphragm shall not exceed 3:1.
d. Applies to stone or masonry veneer exceeding the first story height.
e. The adjustment factor for stone or masonry veneer shall be applied to all exterior braced wall lines and all braced wall lines on the
interior of the building, backing or perpendicular to and laterally supported veneered walls.
f. See Section R602.10.6.5 for requirements where stone or masonry veneer does not exceed the first-story height.
g. One- and two-family dwellings in Seismic Design Cateogy D2 exceeding two stories shall be designed in accordance with accepted
Remarks: The 2021 IRC Table R602.10.3(4) Seismic adjustment factors to the required length of wall
bracing has updated section reference numbers, added Method PBS to the applicable methods allowing
the omission of horizontal bracing in Item 10 and added new footnote g requiring engineering of 3-story
buildings in SDC D2.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Item A (IRC Section R301.3)
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide Item A Story Height on Page 103 as follows.
Story height (IRC Section R301.3) – The amount of bracing required for seismic loads is
directly related to the mass/weight of the structure and its elevation above grade. As a wall gets
taller, its mass and distance above grade increases, thus requiring more bracing to resist the
resulting seismic loads. These adjustments are appropriate for al bracing methods.
A new Exception was added to the 2021 IRC to allow a story height up to 13 feet 7 inches
provided that the maximum wall stud clear height does not exceed 12 feet and the wall studs are
in accordance with Exception 2 or 3 of Section R602.3.1 OR an engineered design is provided
for the wall framing members, and wall bracing for the building is in accordance with Section
R602.10. Wall studs shall be laterally supported at the top and bottom plate in accordance with
Section R602.3.
Remarks: The 2021 IRC allows bearing wall stud clear heights to be increased to 12 feet without
engineering, provided wall bracing is compliant with Section R602.10 and studs meet Exception 2 or 3
in Section R602.3.1, Stud size, height and spacing. Exception 3 allows load-bearing studs not exceeding
12 feet in height complying with Table R602.3(6). There are restrictions limited to Exposure B, a roof
live load not exceeding 20 psf and the ground snow load not exceeding 30 psf. If the dwelling is in an
area where the design criteria call for higher snow loads or a greater wind exposure category, engineered
design is required. The allowance for a story height of 13 feet 7 inches is based on the use of 12-foot tall
wall studs.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Explanation of Table 3.6 Item G (IRC Table
R602.10.3(4))
2021 Update: Revise the last paragraph on Page 104 of the 2018 Guide as follows.
Table R602.10.3(4) Item 8 is new to the 2018 IRC. As an alternative to using Method BV-WSP
when veneer exceeds the first story top plate, an increase of Method WSP or CS-WSP may be
used. Section R602.10.6.5 contains the limitations for this approach. while the adjustment table
states that the increased bracing required is an additional 20 percent, an adjustment factor of
1.2. Several new restrictions were added to limit the use of brick veneer on a second story in the
new 2021 IRC Section R602.10.6.5.3. These limitations include that the dwelling does not exceed
2 stories above grade, the veneer does not exceed 5 inches in thickness, the height of veneer
on a gable end wall does not exceed 8 feet above the top plate, the total area of the veneer be
limited to 25% of the occupied 2nd floor where the veneer is installed on multiple walls above the
first story, and brick veneer shall not be installed on any of the other walls on that floor where
veneer is installed on one entire wall of the second floor exterior, including walls on bay windows
and similar appurtenances.
Remarks: Method BV-WSP now contains an exception for limited brick veneer in the second story.
Where there is one-quarter of the upper story clad in brick veneer or less, Method BV-WSP is not
required. A second option allows only the front face of the house to be covered in brick veneer, with the
other walls covered in a lighter-weight cladding and no Method BV-WSP required. This second option
may have more than 25 percent of the entire second floor with brick veneer if the front face of the house
is long compared to the side walls.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Explanation of Table 3.6 Item H (IRC Table R602.10.3(4))
2021 Update: Revise Item H on Page 105 of the 2018 Guide as follows.
Walls with stone or masonry veneer, detached one- and two-family dwellings in SDC
D0 – D2 – When veneer is only placed on the first story (doesn’t extend above the first story
top plate) any bracing method may be used that is applicable in SDC D0, D1 or D2 using Table
R602.10.3(3). No bracing increase for the stone or masonry veneer is required. When dwellings
having stone or veneer not exceeding the first story located in SDC D0, D1, and D2, wall bracing
must comply with the 2021 IRC Section R602.10 except for Section R602.10.6.5. Where detached
one- or two-family dwellings in SDC D0, D1, and D2 have stone or masonry veneer exceeding the
first story height, wall bracing at exterior braced wall lines and braced wall lines on the interior
of the building shall be constructed utilizing the BV-WSP method in accordance with the 2021
IRC Figure R602.10.6.5.2. Cripple walls are not permitted in this scenario, and it is required that
interior braced wall lines be supported on continuous foundations.
Remarks: This revision is in accordance with the 2021 IRC Sections R602.10.6.5.1 and R602.10.6.5.2.
The wall bracing with veneer section explicitly allows use of the regular wall bracing sections for single
story buildings with brick veneer. For two-story buildings with brick veneer in the second story, Method
BV-WSP should be used.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Explanation of Table 3.6 Item J, K, L and M (IRC Table
R602.10.3(4))
2021 Update: Revise Items J-L and insert the new Item M on Page 105 of the 2018 Guide as follows.
Horizontal Blocking – TABLE 602.10.3(4) Item 10 limits opportunities to omit horizontal blocking.
For Methods LIB, DWB, SFB, PCP and HPS, horizontal blocking must be done. For Methods WSP,
CS-WSP, and PBS, if blocking is omitted, the bracing length must be doubled.
Footnote d - Note that IRC Section R602.10.6.5 redirects the user back to IRC Section R602.10.3
for situations where the stone or masonry veneer is properly installed (IRC Section R703.7) and
covers the first story only. IRC Section R602.10.3 requires only the regular bracing of IRC Tables
R602.10.3(1)-(4) (TABLES 3.3-3.6), without additional stone or masonry veneer adjustments. Note
that no provision for stone or masonry gable ends is made in this provision; it must be assumed
that Footnote d does not apply to single-story stone or masonry walls when they extend up into
the gable. This applies to Townhouse in SDC C, and One and two-family dwellings in SDC D0 –
D2 exceeding the 1st story height.
Footnote e – This applies to Townhouse in SDC C only. The intent of this footnote is, when
considering a single wall with stone or masonry veneer, only the bracing on the frame wall to
which the veneer is applied, and the braced wall lines perpendicular (both interior and exterior)
to it, are impacted by its mass in a seismic event. Thus, only those walls need to have additional
bracing hold-downs applied.
Certainly, if the veneer is on two, three or four sides of the building, all braced wall lines are
impacted; however, if one side of the structure has stone or masonry veneer, the walls parallel
to the veneered wall do not have to comply with the additional bracing requirements. This can
reduce construction costs.
Footnote g – One- and two-family dwellings in SDC D2 exceeding two stories shall be designed
in accordance with accepted engineering practice.
Remarks: Several small updates to the 2021 IRC have caused minor revision of items K-M describing
Table R602.10.3(4) in the 2018 Guide.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Examples 3.1-3.11
2021 Update: For examples 3.1-3.11, the given “wall height” must be adjusted to “story height” in
accordance with 2021 IRC Table R602.10.3(2), Item 3 for wind. Refer to the table below (modified from
2018 Guide TABLE 3.4, Item 3) for these adjustments in 2018 Guide examples 3.1-3.11.
TABLE 3.4 - Item 3

(Modified)
Specified Wall Height Resulting Story Height Adjustment Factor
8 feet 9 feet 0.95
Adjustment
factors to 9 feet 10 feet 1.00
the required 10 feet 11 feet 1.05
wind bracing
11 feet 12 feet 1.10
determined in
Table 3.3
IRC Table
R602.10.3(2)
Wind Adjustment
Factors to the
Required Length of
Wall Bracing
Example 3.1: SCD A, Wind Exposure B, 130 mph (Ultimate

Design Wind Speed)
Given:
The detached house is in SDC A with an ultimate design wind speed of 130 mph Exposure B
ultimate design wind speed.
Method SFB bracing is used.
Braced wall line has no stories above it
The distance between braced wall lines is 30 feet
Roof eave-to-ridge height is 10 feet.
2018 Guide FIGURE 3.16
Solution:
STEP 1. Determine which bracing tables, wind and/or seismic, are required for analysis.
The wall line is part of a detached one- or two-family residence. In accordance with IRC Section
R301.2.2, it is exempt from seismic design (it is located in SDC A) so only the wind bracing tables apply.
STEP 2. Determine how much wind bracing is required.
From IRC Table R602.1.3(1) (TABLE 3.3), we can see that for a wall line in a single-story structure,
Method SFB bracing, an ultimate design wind speed less than or equal to 130 mph (Exposure B), and
a braced wall line spacing of 30 feet: 7 feet of bracing is required and braced wall panels shall not be
spaced greater than 20 feet between adjacent edges.
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Adjust Values
Only one adjustment factor applies in this case:
- The exposure category is B (1.0)
- The eave to ridge height is 10 feet (1.0)
- The walls are 8 feet tall, resulting in a story height of 9 feet (0.95)
- There are only two braced wall lines in the east-west direction (1.0)
While it is not required to apply adjustment factors less than 1.0, we will apply it in this example for
practice.
In accordance with the “story height adjustment” of IRC Table R602.10.3(2) (TABLE 3.4), use of a
story height of 9 feet permits a reduction in bracing length by multiplying length by 0.95.
7 feet x 0.95 = 6.65 feet
STEP 3. Determine how much qualified bracing is present in the braced wall line.
(48 inches + 48 inches)

= 8 feet of bracing available
12 inches per foot
STEP 4. This braced wall line meets the minimum bracing requirement for the given conditions: the 8
feet of bracing provided is more than the 6.65 feet required.
Remarks: 2021 IRC table R602.10.3(2) does not allow for wall height to be used. For this reason,
the design examples need to be altered based on the story height. This modification ensures the
design examples are in accordance with the 2021 IRC. Example 3.1 is provided as an example. This
modification should be carried out on 2018 Guide examples 3.1-3.11. The APA Bracing Calculator
(https://www.apawood.org/calculator) provides the updated calculations.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Table 3.7 BV-WSP Method
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide TABLE 3.7 based on the 2021 IRC Table R602.10.4 as follows.
TABLE 3.7
BV-WSPe
Intermittent 4" at panel
Wood structural
edges 12" at
Bracing Methods
Intermittent Bracing
panels with See Figure

8d common intermediate
stone or 7/16" R602.10.6.5
(2-1/2" × 0.131) nails supports 4" at
masonry veneer Figure R602.10.6.5.2
Method
Excerpt from (see Section

braced wall
IRC Table panel end posts
R602.10.6.5)
R602.10.4
See Section 1-1/2" long × 11 gage,
Bracing Methods PCP 6" o.c. on
R703.6 for 0.120" dia., 7/16" dia.
Portland cement all framing
maximum 16" head nails or 7/8" long,
plaster members
stud spacing 16 gage staples
Remarks: IRC Table R602.10.4 has a reference update for Method BV-WSP and a minimum diameter for
nails is added to Method PCP.
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2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide TABLE 3.20 based on 2021 IRC Table R602.10.5 as follows.
TABLE 3.20
Connection Criteriaa
Method, Minimum
Method PFH
Material Thickness Figure Fasteners Spacings
PFH
Excerpt from See Section See Section
Portal frame with 3/8"
IRC Tables R602.10.6.2 R602.10.6.2
hold-downs
R602.10.4 and
R602.10.5 a. Adhesive attachment of wall sheathing, including Method GB, shall not be permitted in Seismic Design Categories C, D0, D1 and D2.
Drawing VI R602.10.6.2
Minimum Lengtha (in.)

Minimum length per
Wall Portal Header Height
IRC Table R602.10.5
(TABLE 3.28) 8 ft 9 ft 10 ft 11 ft 12 ft Contributing Length (in.)
Supporting roof only 16 16 16 Note c Note c 48

PFH
Supporting one story
24 24 24 Note c Note c 48
and roof
c. Maximum header height for PFH is 10' per Figure R602.10.6.2, but wall height may be increased to 12' with pony wall.
Remarks: The 2018 Guide contains a typo on the “Wall Height,” which should be corrected as “Portal
header height,” as shown in the 2018 and 2021 IRC Table R602.10.5.
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TABLE 3.21
Method, Minimum
Method PFG Material Thickness Figure Fasteners Spacings
PFG
Excerpt from See Section See Section
Portal frame 7/16"
IRC Tables R602.10.6.3 R602.10.6.3
at garage
R602.10.4 and
R602.10.5 a. Method PFG not permitted in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2.

Minimum length per
IRC Table R602.10.5
33d 33d
PFG 24 27 30 1.5 x Actualb
Note d Note d
b. Use actual length when it is greater than or equal to the minimum length.
d. Maximum header height for PFG is 10' per Figure R602.10.6.3, but wall height may be increased to 12' with pony wall.
header height,” as shown in the 2018 and 2021 IRC Table R602.10.5. Additionally, the minimum length
requirements for 11 and 12 foot wall height should read “Note d” based on the 2018 and 2021 IRC
Table R602.10.5.
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TABLE 3.25
Method, Minimum
Method CS-PF
Material Thickness Figure Fasteners Spacings
CS-PF
Excerpt from Continuously See Section See Section
IRC Tables 7/16"
sheathed R602.10.6.4 R602.10.6.4
R602.10.4 and portal frame
R602.10.5
a. Adhesive attachment of wall sheathing, including Method GB, shall not be permitted in Seismic Design Categories C, D0, D1 and D2.

Minimum length per
IRC Table R602.10.5
SDC A, B and C 16 18 20 Note e Note e 1.5 x Actualb

CS-PF
SDC D0, D1 and D2 16 18 20 Note e Note e Actualb
b. Use actual length when it is greater than or equal to the minimum length.
e. Maximum opening height for CS-PF is 10' per Figure R602.10.6.4, but wall height may be increased to 12' with pony wall.
header height,” as shown in the 2018 and 2021 IRC Table R602.10.5.
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2021 Update: Revise 2018 Guide FIGURE 3.42 as follows.
FIGURE 3.42
Method CS-PF
(continuously
sheathed portal
frame) Pony wall
height
Header height
Excerpt from
12' Max total
wall height
10' Max.
IRC Section Garage door

R602.10.6.4
H/6
= Diagonal lines indicate qualifying bracing segments
16" to 24"
Note: Minimum lengths of braced wall panels provided in IRC Table R602.10.5
(TABLE 3.28) are based on adjacent clear opening height as illustrated.
Single portal shown. Double portals are also permitted.
Remarks: The portal frame height should be measured to the top of the portal header, while the wall
height includes the portal frame height and the pony wall height, if any.
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2'-18' finished width of opening
for single or double portal
Pony wall CHAPTER 3: 2018 IRC BRACING PROVISIONS 50
height 2018 GUIDE PAGE NUMBER 170
Min. 3" x 11-1/4" glulam header.

Steel header prohibited.
12' Max total wall height

Fasten sheathing to header
10' Max height

2018 Guide Page Number 170to jack-stud strap on both sides
Header
of opening opposite side of sheathing
2021 Update: Revise the 2018
Min. 2x4 FIGURE
Guide
double 3.46 based
framing covered with on the 2021 IRC Figure R602.10.6.3 as follows.
min. 7/16" thick wood structural panel
FIGURE 3.46 sheathing
Method PFG – Min. length of panel

Portal frame at
garage door
openings in
Seismic Design Anchor bolts Min. (2) 1/2" diameter anchor
bolts installed per section R403.1.6 with
Categories 2" x 2" x 3/16" plate washer
A, B and C Intermittent braced wall panel
Anchor bolts per Section R403.1.6 required adjacent opening for single
portal frame
IRC Figure
R602.10.6.3
(Reformatted for
clarity)
Remarks: Two notes are added to the 2018 Guide FIGURE 3.46 in accordance with the 2018 and 2021
IRC Figure R602.6.3.
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2021 Update: Revise the 2018 IRC Section R602.10.6.4 based on the 2021 IRC Section R602.10.6.4 as
follows.
R602.10.6.4 Method CS-PF: Continuously sheathed portal frame. Continuously sheathed

portal frame braced wall panels shall be constructed in accordance with Figure R602.10.6.4 and
Table R602.10.6.4. The number of continuously sheathed portal frame panels in a single braced
wall line shall not exceed four.
Remarks: For the 2021 IRC, the number of continuously sheathed portal frame panels in a single braced
wall line is no longer limited to only four.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2021 IRC R602.10.6.5
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 IRC Section R602.10.6.5 based on the 2021 IRC as follows.
R602.10.6.5 Wall bracing for dwellings with stone and masonry veneer in Seismic
Design Categories D0, D1 and D2. Townhouses in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1, and D2
with stone or masonry veneer exceeding the first-story height shall be designed in accordance
with accepted engineering practice. One- and two-family dwellings in Seismic Design Category
D2 exceeding two stories and having stone or masonry veneer shall be designated in accordance
with accepted engineering practice.
Where stone and masonry veneer are installed in accordance with Section R703.8, wall bracing
on exterior braced wall lines and braced wall lines on the interior of the building, backing or
perpendicular to and laterally supporting veneered walls shall comply with this section.
Where dwellings in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 have stone or masonry veneer
installed in accordance with Section R703.8, and the veneer does not exceed the first-story
height, wall bracing shall be in accordance with Section R602.10.3.
Where detached one- or two-family dwellings in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 have
stone or masonry veneer installed in accordance with Section R703.8, and the veneer exceeds
the first-story height, wall bracing at exterior braced wall lines and braced wall lines on the interior
of the building shall be constructed using Method BV-WSP in accordance with this section and
Figure R602.10.6.5.2. Cripple walls shall not be permitted, and required interior braced wall lines
shall be supported on continuous foundations. Where detached one- or two-family dwellings in
Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 have exterior veneer installed in accordance with Section
R703.8 and are braced in accordance with Method WSP or CS-WSP, veneer shall be permitted in
the second story in accordance with Item 1 or 2, provided that the dwelling does not extend more
than two stories above grade plane, the veneer does not exceed 5 inches (127 mm) in thickness,
the height of veneer on gable-end walls does not extend more than 8 feet (2438 mm) above
the bearing wall top plate elevation, and the total length of braced wall panel specified by Table
R602.10.3(3) is multiplied by 1.2 for each first- and second-story braced wall line.
1. The total area of the veneer on the second-story exterior walls shall be permitted to
extend up to 25 percent of the occupied second floor area.
2. The veneer on the second-story exterior walls shall be permitted to cover one side
of the dwelling, including walls on bay windows and similar appurtenances within
the one dwelling side. Townhouses in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2
with stone or masonry veneer exceeding the first-story height shall be designed in
accordance with accepted engineering practice.
Townhouses in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 with stone or masonry veneer exceeding
the first-story height shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice.
R602.10.6.5.1 Veneer on first story only. Where dwellings in Seismic Design Categories D0,
D1 and D2 have stone or masonry veneer installed in accordance with Section R703.8 and the
veneer does not exceed the first-story height, wall bracing shall be in accordance with Section
R602.10, exclusive of Section R602.10.6.5.
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R602.10.6.5.2 Veneer exceeding first-story height. Where detached one-or two-family

dwellings in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 have stone or masonry veneer installed in
accordance with Section R703.8, and the veneer exceeds the first-story height wall bracing at
exterior braced wall lines and braced wall lines on the interior of the building shall be constructed
using Method BV-WSP in accordance with this section and Figure R602.10.6.5.2. Cripple walls
shall not be permitted and required interior braced wall lines shall be supported on continuous
foundations.
R602.10.6.5.3 Limited veneer exceeding first-story height. Where detached one- and
two-family dwellings in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 have exterior veneer installed
in accordance with Section R703.8 and where brick veneer installed above the first story height
meets the following limitations, bracing in accordance with Method WSP or CS-WSP shall be
permitted provided that the total length of braced wall panels specified by Table R602.10.3(3) is
multiplied by 1.2 for each first- and second-story braced wall line.
1. The dwelling does not extend more than two stories above grade plane.
2. The veneer does not exceed 5 inches (127mm) in thickness.
3. The height of veneer on gable-end walls does not extend more than 8 feet
(2438 mm) above the bearing wall top plate elevation.
4. Where veneer is installed on multiple walls above the first story, the total area of the
veneer on the second-story exterior walls shall not exceed 25 percent of the occupied
second floor area.
5. Where the veneer is installed on one entire second-story exterior wall, including walls
on bay windows and similar appurtenances, brick veneer shall not be installed on
any of the other walls on that floor.
Remarks: Examples of limitations in Section R602.10.6.5 include:
1. I f brick veneer is limited to the first story and does not extend into gable ends, no additional wall
bracing is required. i.e., the minimum bracing length from Table R602.10.3(3) is allowed.
2. I f brick veneer extends into the gable-end walls or into an upper story, Method WSP or CS-WSP may
still be used as long as limited brick veneer is placed on the second story. The limited veneer can
include veneer only on the front side of the dwelling at the second story or a total veneer area of less
than 25 percent of the second story floor area when all exterior veneer is added together. Using this
option, the amount of wall bracing length is required to be increased by 20% from Table R602.10.3(3)
requirements. See item 8 of Table R602.10.3(4).
3. I f brick veneer is only on the front of the dwelling, minimum bracing length for seismic forces is
determined with Table R602.10.3(3) using Method WSP or CS-WSP and an increase of 20% per item 8
of Table R602.10.3(4)
4. I f brick veneer is used the full height of multiple second story walls, or more than 25% of all four
second story walls (assuming a rectangular shape dwelling), Method BV-WSP is the only option
available. The required length for using BV-WSP is in Section R602.10.5.4 and Table R602.10.6.5.4.
5. A
three-story single- or two-family dwelling unit requires an engineered design for the walls, floors
and roof in SDC D2 when brick veneer is used.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 IRC R602.10.6.5.1 Length of bracing
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 IRC Section R602.10.6.5.1 based on the 2021 IRC Section R602.10.6.5.4
as follows.
R602.10.6.5.1 R602.10.6.5.4 Length of bracing. The length of bracing along each braced
wall line shall be the greater of that required by the ultimate design wind speed and braced
wall line spacing in accordance with Table R602.10.3(1) as adjusted by the factors in Table
R602.10.3(2) or the seismic design category and braced wall line length in accordance either
with Table R602.10.6.5.4 R602.10.6.5 when using Method BV-WSP, or Table R602.10.3(3) as
adjusted by the factors in Table R602.10.3(4) when using Method WSP or CS-WSP. Angled walls
shall be permitted to be counted in accordance with Section R602.10.1.4, and braced wall panel
location shall be in accordance with Section R602.10.2.2. Spacing between braced wall lines shall
be in accordance with Table R602.10.1.3. The seismic adjustment factors in Table R602.10.3(4)
shall not be applied to the length of bracing determined using Table R602.10.6.5.4, except
that the bracing amount increase for braced wall line spacing greater than 25 feet (7620 mm)
in accordance with Table R602.10.1.3 shall be required. The minimum total length of bracing
in a braced wall line, after all adjustments have been taken, shall not be less than 48 inches
(1219 mm) total.
Remarks: 2018 IRC Section R602.10.6.5.1 has been renamed to 2021 IRC Section R602.10.5.4.
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2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide TABLE 3.32 based on the 2021 IRC Table R602.10.6.5.4 as follows.
TABLE 3.32
Braced Wall Line Length (feet)
Method BV-WSP
10 20 30 40 50
wall bracing Single- Cumulative
requirements Seismic Minimum Total Length (feet) of Braced Story Hold- Hold-Down
Design Wall Panels Required Along Each Braced Down Force Force
Category Story Wall Line (pounds)a b (pounds)b c
Adapted from
IRC Table
R602.10.6.5
R602.10.6.5.4 4.0 7.0 10.5 14.0 17.5 N/A —
4.0 7.0 10.5 14.0 17.5 1900 —
D0
4.5 9.0 13.5 18.0 22.5 3500 5400
6.0 12.0 18.0 24.0 30.0 3500 8900
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TABLE 3.32
(Continued)
Braced Wall Line Length (feet)
10 20 30 40 50
Method BV-WSP Single- Cumulative
wall bracing Seismic Minimum Total Length (feet) of Braced Story Hold- Hold-Down
requirements Design Wall Panels Required Along Each Braced Down Force Force
Category Story Wall Line (pounds)a b (pounds)b c
Adapted from
IRC Table
R602.10.6.5 4.5 9.0 13.5 18.0 22.5 2100 —
R602.10.6.5.4
D1 4.5 9.0 13.5 18.0 22.5 3700 5800
6.0 12.0 18.0 24.0 30.0 3700 9500
5.5 11.0 16.5 22.0 27.5 2300 —
D2
5.5 11.0 16.5 22.0 27.5 3900 6200
Three-story dwelling NP NP NP NP NP N/A N/A

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.479 kPa, 1 pound-force = 4.448 N.
NP = Not Permitted.
N/A = Not Applicable.
a. One- and two-family dwellings in Seismic Design Category D2 exceeding two stories shall be designed in accordance with accepted
engineering practices.
a. b. Hold-down force is minimum allowable stress design load for connector providing uplift tie from wall framing at end of braced wall
panel at the noted story to wall framing at end of braced wall panel at the story below, or to foundation or foundation wall. Use single-
story hold-down force where edges of braced wall panels do not align; a continuous load path to the foundation shall be maintained.
b. c. Where hold-down connectors from stories above align with stories below, use cumulative hold-down force to size middle- and bottom-story
hold-down connectors.
d. Interpolation between braced wall lengths is permitted.
Remarks: 2018 IRC Table R602.10.6.5 has been renumbered as 2021 IRC Table R602.10.6.5.4. “Three-
story dwelling” has been added to SDC D2 in the table as not permitted for the BV-WSP method.
Additionally, footnotes a and d have been added.
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Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Explanation of Table 3.32
2021 Update: Due to the addition of footnote d to the 2021 Guide TABLE 3.32 (2021 IRC Table
R602.10.6.5.4, the first paragraph of page 180 regarding the interpolation between braced wall line
lengths is deleted from the 2021 Guide.
While IRC Table R602.10.6.5 (TABLE 3.32) doesn’t contain a footnote for interpolation, interpolation
between braced wall line lengths is clearly permitted based on engineering principles (See APPENDIX C).
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2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide TABLE 3.33 based on the 2021 IRC Table R602.3(1) as follows.
TABLE 3.33
Description of Spacing and
Attachment of Item Building Elements Number and Type of Fastenera,b,c Location
braced wall
ROOF
panels at bottom
plate Blocking between ceiling joists,
4-8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113"); or
3-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or
rafters or trusses to top plate or other Toe nail
3-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
Adapted from framing below
3-3" x 0.131" nails
IRC Table
R602.3(1) 2-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or
Each end toe nail
Blocking between rafters or truss not 2-3" x 0.131" nails
1
at the wall top plates, to rafter or truss 2-16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162"); or
End nail
3-3" x 0.131" nails
16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162"); or

Flat blocking to truss and web filler 6" o.c. face nail
3" x 0.131" nails
4-8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113"); or

3-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or
2 Ceiling joists to top plate Per joist, toe nail
3-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
3-3" x 0.131" nails
Ceiling joist not attached to
4-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
parallel rafter, laps over partitions
3 3-16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162"); or Face nail
[see Section R802.5.2 and Table
4-3" x 0.131" nails
R802.5.2(1)]
Ceiling joist attached to parallel

4 rather (heel joint) [see Section Table R802.5.2(1) Face nail
R802.5.2 and Table R802.5.2(1)]
ROOF
4-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or

Collar tie to rafter, face nail or
5 3-10d common (3" x 0.148"); or Face nail each rafter
1-1/4" x 20 ga. ridge strap to rafter
4-3" x 0.131" nails
3-16d box (3-1/2" x 0.135"); or 2 toe nails on one

3-10d common (3" x 0.148"); or side and 1 toe nail on
6 Rafter or roof truss to plate
4-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or opposite side of each
3-3" 0.131" nails rafter or trussi
3-16d box (3-1/2" x 0.135"); or
Roof rafter to ridge. valley or
2-16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162"); or
7 hip rafters or roof rafter to End nail
3-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
minimum 2" ridge beam
3-3" x 0131" nails
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TABLE 3.33
(Continued)
Item Building Elements Number and Type of Fastenera,b,c Location
Attachment of
WALL
braced wall
panels at bottom 16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162") 24" o.c. face nail
plate 8
Stud to stud
(not at braced wall panels) 10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
16" o.c. face nail
3" x 0.131" nails
Adapted from
IRC Table 16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162"); or
Stud to stud and abutting studs 12" o.c. face nail
3" x 0.131" nails
R602.3(1) 9 at intersecting wall corners
(at braced wall panels) 16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162") 16" o.c. face nail
16" o.c. each edge

16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162")
Built-up header face nail
10
(2" to 2" header with 1/2" spacer) 12" o.c. each edge
16d box (3-1/2" x 0.135")
face nail
5-8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113"); or
11 Continuous header to stud 4-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or Toe nail
4-10d box (3" x 0.128")
4-16d box (3-1/2" x 0.135"); or
Adjacent full-height stud 16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162"); or
12 End nail
to end of header 4-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
4-3" x 0.131" nails
16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162") 16" o.c. face nail

12 13 Top plate to top plate
10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
12" o.c. face nail
3" x 0.131" nails
8-16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162"); or Face nail on each side
12-16d box (3-1/2" x 0.135"); or of end joint (minimum
13 14 Double top plate splice
12-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or 24" lap splice length
12-3" x 0.131" nails each side of end joint)
Bottom plate to joist, rim joist, 16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162") 16" o.c. face nail
14 15 band joist or blocking
16d box (3-1/2" x 0.135"); or
(not at braced wall panels) 12" o.c. face nail
3" x 0.131" nails
3 each 16" o.c.
face nail
Bottom plate to joist, rim joist, 3-16d box (3-1/2" × 0.135"); or 2 each 16" o.c.
15 16 band joist or blocking 2-16d common (3-1/2" × 0.162"); face nail
(at braced wall panel) or 4 - 3" × 0.131" nails 4 each 16" o.c.
face nail
16" o.c. face nail
4-8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113"); or
3-16d box (3-1/2" x 0.135"); or
4-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or Toe nail
4-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
16 17 Top or bottom plate to stud 4-3" x 0.131" nails
3-16d box (3-1/2" x 0.135"); or
2-16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162"); or
End nail
3-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
3-3" x 0.131" nails
3-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or

Top plate, laps at corners
17 18 2-16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162"); or Face nail
and intersections
3-3" x 0.131" nails
3-8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113"); or

2-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or
18 19 1" brace to each stud and plate Face nail
2-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
2 staples 1-3/4"
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation
TABLE 3.33
(Continued)
Attachment of
WALL
braced wall
panels at bottom 3-8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113"); or
plate 2-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or
19 20 1" x 6" sheathing to each bearing 2-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or Face nail
2 staples, 1" crown, 16 ga.,
Adapted from 1-3/4" long
IRC Table
3-8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113"); or
R602.3(1)
3-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or
3-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
1-3/4" long
1" x 8" and wider sheathing
20 21 Wider than 1" x 8" Face nail
to each bearing
4-8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113"); or
3-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or
3-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
1-3/4" long
FLOOR
4-8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113"); or
33-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or
21 22 Joist to sill, top plate or girder Toe nail
3-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
3-3" x 0.131" nails
8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113") 4" o.c. toe nail
Rim joist, band joist or blocking to sill 8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or
22 23
or top plate (roof applications also) 10d box (3" x 0.128"); or 6" o.c. toe nail
3" x 0.131" nails
3-8d box (2-1/2" x 0.113"); or
2-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or
23 24 1" x 6" subfloor or less to each joint 3-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or Face nail
1-3/4" long
3-16d box (3-1/2" x 0.135"); or
24 25 2" subfloor to joist or girder Blind and face nail
2-16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162")
2" planks 3-16d box (3-1/2" x 0.135"); or At each bearing,
25 26
(plank & beam—floor & roof) 2-16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162") face nail
3-16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162"); or
3-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
26 27 Band or rim joist to joist End nail
4-3" x 0.131" nails; or
4-3" x 14 ga. staples 1/16" crown
Nail each layer as
follows: 32" o.c. at
20d common (4" x 0.192"); or
top and bottom and
staggered.
24" o.c. face nail at top
Built-up girders and beams, 10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
27 28 and bottom staggered
2-inch lumber layers 3"x 0.131" nails
on opposite sides
And:
2-20d common (4" x 0.192"); or Face nail at ends and
3-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or at end splice
3-3" x 0.13" nails
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation
TABLE 3.33
(Continued)
Attachment of
FLOOR
braced wall
panels at bottom 3-16d common (3-1/2" x 0.162"); or
plate 26 27 Band or rim joist to joist
4-10 box (3" x 0.128"); or
End nail
4-3" x 0.131" nails; or
4-3" x 14 ga. staples, 7/16" crown
Adapted from
IRC Table Nail each layer as
follows: 32" o.c. at
R602.3(1) 20d common (4" x 0.192"); or
top and bottom and
staggered.
24" o.c. face nail at top
Built-up girders and beams, 10d box (3" x 0.128"); or
27 28 and bottom staggered
2-inch lumber layers 3"x 0.131" nails
on opposite sides
And:
2-20d common (4" x 0.192"); or Face nail at ends and
3-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or at end splice
3-3" x 0.131" nails
4-16d box (3-1/2" x 0.135"); or
Ledger strip supporting 3-16d coomon (3-1/2" x 0.162"); or At each joist or rafter,
28 29
joists or rafters 4-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or face nail
4-3" x 0.131" nails
2-10d box (3" x 0.128"); or

Bridging or blocking to
29 30 2-8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131"); or Each end, toe nail
joist, rafter or truss
3" x 0.131" nails
Spacing
of Fasteners
Inter-
mediate
Description of Edgesh supportsc,e
Item Building Elements Number and Type of Fastenera,b,c (inches) (inches)
Wood structural panels, subfloor, roof and interior wall sheathing to framing and particleboard wall
sheathing to framing [see Table R602.3(3) for wood structural panel exterior wall sheathing to wall framing]
6d common or deformed (2" x 0.113"
x 0.266" head); 2-3/8" x 0.113" x
0.266" head nail (subfloor, wall)i
6 12 6f
8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131") nail
30 31 3/8" – 1/2" (roof); or RSRS 01 (2-3/8" x 0.113")
nail (roof)j
8d common (2 2-1/2" x 0.131") nail
(roof); or RSRS-01 (2-3/8" x 0.113") 6 6f
nail (roof)b
8d common 2 2-1/2" x 0.131") nail
6 12
(subfloor, wall)
8d common nail (2-1/2" x 0.131")
31 32 19/32" – 1" 3/4" nail (roof); or RSRS-01; (2-3/8" x 6 6 12f
0.113") nail (roof)j b
Deformed 2-3/8" x 0.113" x 0.266"
6 12
head (wall or subfloor)
10d common (3" x 0.148") nail; or

32 33 1-1/8" 7/8" – 1-1/4" 8d (2-1/2" x 0.131 x 0.281" head) 6 12
deformed nail
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation
TABLE 3.33
(Continued)
Spacing
of Fasteners
Attachment of
Inter-
braced wall mediate
panels at bottom Description of Edgesh supportsc,e
plate Item Building Elements Number and Type of Fastenera,b,c (inches) (inches)
Wood structural panels, subfloor, roof and interior wall sheathing to framing and particleboard wall
Adapted from sheathing to framing [see Table R602.3(3) for wood structural panel exterior wall sheathing to wall framing]
IRC Table
OTHER WALL SHEATHINGg
R602.3(1)
1-1/2" x 0.120" galvanized roofing
1/2" structural cellulosic nail, 7/16" head diameter, or 1-1/4"
33 34 3 6
fiberboard sheathing long 16 ga. staple with 7/16" or 1"
crown
25/32" structural cellulosic nail, 7/16" head diameter, or 1-1/4"
34 35 3 6
fiberboard sheathing long 16 ga. staple with 7/16" or 1"
crown
nail, 7/16" head diameter, or 1-1/4"
35 36 1/2" gypsum sheathing d
7 7
long 16 ga. staple with 7/16" or 1"
crown
nail, 7/16" head diameter, or 1-14"
36 37 5/8" gypsum sheathingd long 16 ga.; staple galvanized, 7 7
1-1/2" long, 7/16" or 1" crown or
1-1/4" screws, Type W or S
Wood structural panels, combination subfloor underlayment to framing
Deformed (2" x 0.113") or

37 38 3/4" and less 6d Deformed (2" x 0.120") nail; or 6 12
8d common (12-1/2” x 0.131") nail
8d common (2-1/2" x 0.131") nail; or

38 39 7/8" – 1" Deformed (2" x 0.113"); or 6 12
8d Deformed (2-1/2" x 0.120") nail
10d common (3" x 0.148") nail; or

39 40 1-1/8" – 1-1/4" Deformed (2" x 0.113"); or 6 12
8d Deformed (2-1/2" x 0.120") nail
Remarks: The 2021 Guide references IRC Table R602.3(1) numerous times. For this reason, all items in
the 2021 IRC Table R602.3(1) are included in the 2021 Guide TABLE 3.33 instead of just item 15 in the
2018 Guide.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide R602.10.8 Braced Wall Panel Connections
2021 Update: Revise the first paragraph on the 2021 Guide Page 183 as follows.
IRC Table R602.3(1), Item 15 16 provides the basic nailing schedule for attaching braced wall panels to
the floor below and the ceiling or floor above. The sole plate (or bottom plate) of the braced wall panels
is required to be nailed with multiple nails every 16 inches on center into the joist below the braced wall
panels. See TABLE 3.33.
Remarks: Due to the update of the 2021 IRC Table R602.3(1), the referenced item number has changed.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Page 185 First Paragraph
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide Page 185 first paragraph as follows.
Note that Figure R602.10.8(1) calls for 3 – 16d nails face nailed at 16 inches on center while Table
R602.3(1) Item 15 16 allows 3 – 16d box, 2 – 16d common or 4 – 3 inch nails to be used for this
connection. All of the above are permitted.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation
CHAPTER 4: WHOLE HOUSE CONSIDERATIONS 65

Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Page 185 Second through Fourth Paragraphs and Table 3.34
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide Page 185 second through fourth paragraphs and delete the 2018
Guide TABLE 3.34 as follows.
Structures in areas of high seismicity need to have the capacity to withstand greater loads; therefore,
additional provisions are required to ensure that these loads are transferred through the braced wall
panels to the foundation. The requirements of IRC Section R602.10.8.1 ensure the top plate lap splices
and foundation connections have the needed higher load capacity.
The requirement for eight 16d common nails on each side of the lap splice in SDC D0, D1 and D2 is given
in IRC Section R602.10.8.1. Note that IRC Table R602.3(1), Item 13 14 requires a 24-inch overlap to
provide sufficient length to put in the eight 16d common nails.
Additionally, Item 13 14 now allows multiple variations of equivalent nailing for the lap splice. Section
R602.10.8.1 continues to require 8 – 16d nails, but Section Table R602.3(1) Item 13 4 has the following
requirements and should be applied four choices of nailing (see TABLE 3.33).
TABLE 3.34
Description of Member and Type
Double top plate Item Building Elements of Fastener Spacing of Fasteners
splice
8-16d common (3-1/2" × 0.162"); Face nail on each side
or 12-16d box (3-1/2" × 0.135"); of end joint (minimum
13 Double top plate splice
Excerpt from IRC or 12-10d box (3" × 0.128"); 24" lap splice length
or 12 - 3" × 0.131" nails each side of end joint)
Table R602.3(1)
Also, since the entire 2021 IRC Table R602.3(1) has been included in the 2021 Guide TABLE 3.33, the
2018 Guide TABLE 3.34 should be deleted to avoid unnecessary duplication. The subsequent table
numbers for the 2021 Guide will not be changed for simplicity.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

2021 Update: Revise the referenced item number based on the 2021 Guide Table 3.33 (2021 IRC Table
602.3(1)) as follows.
FIGURE 3.56
OR
(8) 16d common (12) 16d box
Top plate splice (3-1/2" x 0.162") (3-1/2" x 0.135")
for SDC D0, D1 each side of splice each side of splice
and D2
splice
(IRC Section
R602.10.8.1 and
24"
2021 Guide Table
3.33 (IRC Table
Top plate splice detail for braced wall lines
R602.3(1)) Item
13 14)
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Page 188 Last Paragraph
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide Page 188 last paragraph as follows.
IRC Figure R602.10.8.2(3) (FIGURE 3.61 3.59) illustrates a connection applicable for raised-heel trusses of
up to 4 feet in height. In addition to transferring the lateral load from the roof sheathing (or diaphragm) to
the braced wall line, this method also addresses lateral stability of the trusses. While the code permits any
bracing methods listed in IRC Section R602.10, the user must be careful to specify only those methods that
have sufficient weather resistance or provide a covering with an approved exterior finish.
Remarks: The 2018 Guide contains a typo that is corrected above.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Figure 3.57.
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide FIGURE 3.57 based on the 2021 IRC Figure R602.10.8.2(1) as follows.
FIGURE 3.57
Braced wall
panel connection
– low-heel trusses
2" max
IRC Figure open
R602.10.8.2(1)
Braced Wall Panel 15.25" max
Connection to
Solid blocking between rafters attached to top plates with 8d
Perpendicular at 6" o.c. along length of braced wall panel
Rafters
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm
Remarks: The 2021 IRC Figure R602.10.8.2(1) specifies that for SDC D0, D1 and D2 where the distance
from the top of the braced wall panel to the top of the rafters or roof trusses is 15-1/4 inches (387 mm) or
less, blocking between rafters or roof trusses shall be provided above the braced wall panel.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide FIGURE 3.58 as follows.
FIGURE 3.58
Braced wall panel

connection – soffit
blocking Roof sheathing
Edge nailing per

Table R602.3(1) (typ)
IRC Figure See Table 3.33
R602.10.8.2(2)
Braced Wall Panel
Connection Option
to Perpendicular 4' 0" max
Rafters or Roof
Trusses Blocking
2x blocking
Roof trusses per

Bracinga R802.10
Nailing per
Braced Table R602.3(1)
wall panel See Table 3.33
Provide venting
per Section R806
6' 0" max (not shown)
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm 1 foot = 304.8 mm
a. Methods of bracing shall be as described in Section R602.10.4.
Remarks: Callout for TABLE 3.33 is added to FIGURE 3.58.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Figure 3.59.
FIGURE 3.59
A SECTION
Braced wall panel
connection –
vertical panels
IRC Figure 2" max

R602.10.8.2(3) Exception: Where the
outside edge of truss open
Braced Wall Panel vertical web members
aligns with the outside face
Connection Option of the wall studs below,
– up to 4 feet wood structural panel
maximum height sheathing extending above
the top plate as shown in
Figure R602.10.8.2(3) shall
be permitted to be fastened 2x blocking
to each truss web with three
8d nail (2-1/2 inches x
0.131 inch) and blocking
between the trusses shall
not be required. Roof trusses per R802.10
Bracinga
Nailing per
Braced Table R602.3(1)
wall panel See Table 3.33
Provide venting
6' 0" max per Section R806
(not shown)
B ELEVATION
Remarks: The added exception is based on the 2021 IRC Section R602.10.8.2 Exception.
Edge nailing per Table R602.3(1) (typ)
Roof trusses per R802.10
Roof Sheathing See Detail A
Bracinga
Venting
2" max
open
2x blocking
Braced wall panel

not shown
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm

a. Methods of bracing shall be as described in Section R602.10.4
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

FIGURE 3.60
Braced wall panel
Braced wall line Blocking as required in Figure R602.10.8(1)
connections over Nail sheathing to blocking with 8d nails at 6" o.c.
cantilever foors Nail bottom plate to joist
per Table R602.3(1) Item 15
FLOOR FRAMING
Nail joist to top plate per

Table R602.3(1),Items 22 23
Cantilever per IRC Table R502.3.3(1),

48" maximum length
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

2021 Update: Revise the 2018 IRC Section R602.10.10.1 based on the 2021 IRC as follows.
R602.10.10.1 Cripple wall bracing for Seismic Design Category D0 and D1 and
townhouses in Seismic Design Category C. In addition to requirements in Section R602.10.10,
cripple wall bracing shall be limited to Methods WSP and CS-WSP, and the distance between
adjacent edges of braced wall panels for cripple walls along a braced wall line shall be 14 feet
(4267 mm) maximum.
Remarks: This update clarifies the acceptable bracing methods on a cripple wall.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

Section/Table/Figure Number: Figure 3.65
2021 Update: Revise FIGURE 3.65 by adding an additional note
FIGURE 3.65
Cripple wall
bracing in SDC
D0 and D1
KITCHEN
UTILITY
Interior braced wall
Continuous line does not have
Foundation continuous foundation
Increase cripple wall

bracing length in wall
LIVING ROOM lines A and C by a
1/2 factor of 1.5 in addition
BATH to the 1.15 increase
required by R602.10.11
since wall line B is not
supported by a
Up continuous foundation
DINING
PORCH
If interior braced wall lines are not supported by a continuous foundation (i.e. ); Increase exterior cripple wall
bracing by a factor of 1.5 (i.e., braced wall lines and ) in addition to the 1.15 increase required by IRC
R602.10.11.
Note: The porch may not extend more than 6 ft from the exterior walls in SDC D0-D2. If the porch extends further, a
braced wall line will need to support the outer edge so the building is not irregular.
Remarks: This update emphasizes the limit of a porch extension in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1
and D2. The 6' requirement is an exception to Section R301.2.2.6 Irregular Buildings - Item 2 Lateral
Support of Roofs and Floors. The Exception states that portions of floors that do not support shear walls,
braced wall panels above or roofs shall be permitted to extend not more than 6 feet beyond a shear wall
or braced wall line.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation
Vertical2018 GUIDE PAGE NUMBER 205
reinforcing
12"d required at
construction
joints

3"
Wa
EXTERIOR
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide FIGURE TURNED-DOWN
3.69 based on the
e,f,k 2021 IRC Figure R403.1.3 as follow.
SLAB FOOTING
FIGURE 3.69
Foundation wall
requirements for 3-1/2"
SDC D0, D1 and D2 7" min.
Adapted excerpt
from from IRC 12"d
Figure R403.1.3
Wa
INTERIOR THICKENED (MONOLITHIC)

e,k
SLAB FOOTING
Remarks: Based on the 2021 IRC Figure R403.1.3 and Section R403.1.3.4, no rebar reinforcement is
required in the monolithic slab design.
6" 7"
min.
12" min.
Vertical
reinforcing
required at
construction
12"d Pc joints
Tb
3"
Wa a. W = per Tables R403.1(1)-(3).

b. T = per Tables R403.1(1)-(3).
g,h,i,j,k
EXTERIOR STEM WALL ON FOOTING c. P = greater than 2 in. but less th
d. Minimum depth = 12 in. per R4
e. Turned-down slab: Reinforcin
D2. If monolithic – single #5 bar
f. Turned-down slab: Vertical b
is between footing and stem wal
7" min.
12" min. g. Stem wall and footing: Vertic
joint is between footing and stem
Vertical
h. Stem wall and footing: Vertic
reinforcing
required at stem wall over concrete footing
construction i. While not a code requirement, s
Pc joints recommended.
j. Stem wall and footing: Reinf
per R403.1.3.1.
Tb k. Sill or bottom (sole) plate attach
3" per section R602.11.1
Wa
g,h,i,j,k
INTERIOR STEM WALL ON FOOTING
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

FIGURE 3.71
Minimum 4' 0"
Splice detail for top plate overlap
Concrete or masonry
double top plate stepped footing 3' 0" 16"
of cripple wall 1' 0"
when bracing
requirement is
met by direct
attachment to
foundation
IRC Section
R602.11.1, Item 1 Except for splice detail
R602.11.2, Item 1 shown, wall anchorage
shall be per IRC Section
R602.11.1 (FIGURE 3.72)
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation
Chapter 4: Whole House

Considerations
Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Second Paragraph
2021 Update: Revise the second paragraph on Page 228 as follows. Additionally, 2018 Guide FIGURE 4.5
has updated the braced wall units in Rectangle side 1. 2018 Guide TABLE 4.7 was updated in accordance
with the updated 2018 Guide FIGURE 4.5.
Note: the bracing unit in the short exterior wall of the utility room could reasonably be applied to either
Rectangle side 1 or 2. In this example, it is applied to Rectangle side 1 2.
FIGURE 4.5
56'-11"
FIRST STORY
First of two 49' 4"
stories with 34' 0" 15' 4"
continuous wood
structural panels
2' 8" 2' 8"
COVERED
PFH = 1.0 PFH = 1.0 PORCH
8' 9" 4' 0"
4' 0"
1.33
1.33
2.0 2.92 1.33
4' 0"
3' 10"
1.33
DINING
2' 0"
LIVING ROOM 17' 6" MASTER

BEDROOM
6' 0"
2.0
40' 0"
2.67
8' 0"
41' 0"
KITCHEN
1.33
3' 7"
6' 0"
2.0
4' 0"
UTILITY
13' 7"
7' 0"
MASTER
4.0
DEN BATH
ENTRY
6' 0"
MASTER
2.0
BATHROOM Equals 4'

CLOSET
2' 0"
of bracing
1' 5"
1.33
1.33
1.33 PFH = 1.0 2.0
7' 0" 4' 0" 4' 0" 6' 0" 4' 0" 5' 0"
COVERED
2' 0" PORCH
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation
TABLE 4.7
FIRST SECOND STORY
CS-WSP Method Method Cont. (C)/ Required Bracing Bracing Units
Rectangle Side Int.(I) Units (#)a Provided (#)b,c Status
Sufficient Total 1 C 3 5.3 Okay
Bracing Unit 2 C 3 5.3 Okay
Length
A C 4 5.3 Okay
B C 4 5.3 Okay
FIRST SECOND STORY

Sheathing Method Required Bracing Bracing Units
Rectangle Side Cont. (C) /Int. (I) Units (#) Provided (#)b,c Status
1 C 6 5.3 6.3 Okay
2 C 6 8.3 Okay
A C 7 8 Okay
B C 7 8.7 Okay
a. The number of bracing units is based on the wind speed, story height and roof-to-eave ridge height of 12 feet rounded to 15 feet.
b. Minimum bracing unit length required for continuous WSP is 3 feet, and minimum required length for PFH method is 24 inches, for a value
of 1.0 unit.
c. The number of bracing units provided is = (the provided bracing)/(the minimum bracing unit length required) (R602.12.3.1).
Remarks: Reference FIGURE 4.5 Floor Plan. The 1.33 BWP at the Utility Room is allocated to Rectangle
Side 2 of the First Story. The 2018 Guide TABLE 4.7 headers are incorrect. The table above shows the
corrected headers and a correction to the number of bracing units for First Story Rectangle Side 1.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

2021 Update: Revise Braced Wall Line 3 in FIGURE 4.8. Pg. 232 Example 4.4 description: Revise all
braced walls to have a height of 10 feet.
FIGURE 4.8
SINGLE STORY
Single-story plan
57' 5"
with intermittent
Methods WSP 7' 1" 18' 7" 15' 10" 15' 11"
(wood structural
4' 0"
panel) and GB 3' 8" 4' 0" 4' 0"
(gypsum board) 4' 0"
4' 0" 3' 0"

4' 0"
braced wall
4' 9" 1' 7"
panels KITCHEN LIVING ROOM
18' 3"
15' 3"
BEDROOM
17' 9"
DINING
13' 9"
4' 0"
2' 6" 4' 0"
4' 0"
6' 0" 7' 0"
3' 0"
16' 0"
BEDROOM FRONT
11' 8"
ENTRY 4' 0" 7' 11"

BATH
9' 0"
ROOM
6' 0"
BEDROOM
3' 9" 4' 0" 9' 4" 4' 0" 4' 0" 9' 4" 7' 0"
17' 1"
= Wood Structural Panels (WSP) = Gypsum Board (GB)
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation
TABLE 4.10
IRC Table R602.10.3(2)
Sufficient Total Wind Adjustment Factors (TABLE 3.4) Numbered Wall Lines Lettered Wall Lines
Bracing Unit
Exposure Category 1.20 1.20
Length
Roof Eave-to-Ridge Height (interpolated) 1.12 1.12
Story Height 1.05 1.00 1.05 1.00
Number of Braced Wall Lines 1.30 1.60
Wind Factor Total 1.83 1.75 2.26 2.15
TABLE 4.11
Check for Braced Braced Wind Total Required Bracing

Wall Bracing Wall Line Required Factor Bracing Length
sufficient
Line Methodb Spacing (ft) Bracing (ft) Total Length (ft) Provided (ft) Status
bracing length
1 WSP 17.75 3.50 1.83 1.75 6.4 6.13 16.00 Okay
2 WSP, GB 17.75 6.50 1.83 1.75 11.9 11.38 14.00 Okay
3 WSP 16.00 3.50 1.83 1.75 6.4 6.13 15.00 19.00 Okay
A WSP 7.08 2.00 2.26 2.15 4.52 4.3 4.75 Okay
B WSP 18.58 3.29a 2.26 2.15 7.44 7.07 14.00 Okay
C GB 18.58 6.07a 2.26 2.15 13.72 13.05 24.00 Okay
D GB, WSP 15.92 5.29a 2.26 2.15 11.96 11.37 24.25 Okay
E WSP 15.92 2.89a 2.26 2.15 6.53 6.21 8.00 Okay
a. Bracing required is interpolated, see Appendix C for details on how to interpolate.
b. Mixing methods requires most restrictive bracing amount to be used for entire wall.
Remarks: Braced wall line 3 in FIGURE 4.8 is missing a braced wall panel on the left side of the braced
wall line. In the 2018 Guide, the first panel begins 13.33 ft from the end of the BWL. The Floor Plan
was revised providing a 4’-0” WSP on the far left side. This also changed the Bracing Length Provided
in TABLE 4.11 for Braced Wall Line 3. In addition, since all the braced wall panels were revised to 10 feet,
TABLE 4.10 was revised to reflect a Wind Adjustment Factor of 1.00 rather than 1.05. This changed the
Wind Factor total in TABLE 4.10 and a revision to TABLE 4.11 under total Required Bracing Length (ft).
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

2021 Update: Revise Braced Wall Panel color in FIGURE 4.14.
FIGURE 4.14
SINGLE STORY PLAN
73' 8"
Single-story plan
with intermittent
Methods HPS 16' 2" 16' 0" 26' 11" 14' 7"
4' 0"
(hardboard 4' 0" 4' 0"
1' 6"
panel siding),
4' 0" 4' 0"

4' 0"
GB (gypsum
8' 0"
board), DWB
6' 3"
(diagonal wood MASTER
boards), PBS BEDROOM
17' 8"
(particleboard
14' 4"
sheathing) LIVING ROOM
KITCHEN
and LIB (let-in 12' 2" 4' 0"

bracing)
32' 6"
4' 0"
BATHROOM
6' 0"
56' 6"
MASTER MASTER
3' 8" 5' 9"
BATH CLOSET DEN

4' 0"
UTILITY
8' 0"
4' 0"
8' 0"
8' 6"
16' 0"
5' 6"
BATH
20' 0"
8' 0"
GARAGE
11' 6"
11' 6"
GUEST
BEDROOM
8' 0"
6' 0"
4' 0"
4' 6" 4' 6"

10' 1"
4' 0" 10' 1" 4' 0" 10' 1" 4' 0"
= Let-In-Bracing (LIB) = Diagonal Wood Boards (DWB) = Particleboard Sheathing (PBS)

= Gypsum Board (GB) = Hardboard Panel Siding (HPS)
Remarks: The second braced wall panel from the left in BWL 2 (at the back garage wall) should be a
Method GB panel. BWL E is shown as PBS in the floor plan. TABLE 4.21 indicated GB for BSL E. TABLE
4.21 is revised to reflect PBS for BWL E.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation
TABLE 4.21
Braced Total Bracing
Calculations to Wall Line 110 mph Wind Required Length
determine the Braced Bracing Spacing Required Factor Bracing Provided
required bracing Wall Line Method (ft) Bracing (ft) Total Length (ft) (ft) Status
length based on 1 HPS 32.50 5.38 2.16 11.62 16.00 Okay
wind speed
2 GB & PBS 32.50 9.25 2.16 19.98 20.00a Okay
3 DWB 20.00 3.50 2.16 7.56 9.00 Okay
4 PBS 24.00 4.10 2.16 8.86 12.00 Okay
A LIB 32.17 9.15 2.38 21.78 24.00 Okay
B LIB 16.17 5.04 2.38 12.00 12.00 Okay
C GB & PBS b
26.92 7.73 2.38 18.37 18.83 a
Okay
D GB & PBSb 26.92 7.73 2.38 18.37 20.00a Okay
15.67 a
E GB PBS 14.58 4.65 2.69 2.38 11.05 6.4 Okay
31.33
a. Bracing lengths for Method GB (gypsum board) are based on the application of gypsum board on both faces of a braced wall panel. When
Method GB bracing is provided on only one side of the wall, the contributing length shall be halved... (IRC Table R602.10.5)
b. Note that when two different bracing methods are mixed in a common wall line, the longest required bracing for each method must be used
per IRC R602.10.4.1 item 3.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation

2021 Update: Add note for braced wall panel placement in Braced Wall Line 2 in FIGURE 4.16.
FIGURE 4.16
SECOND STORY 53' 0"
Second-story
plan with
21' 1" 31' 9"
intermittent
structural
15' 10" 15' 11"
fiberboard
2' 6" 5' 0" 4' 0"
sheathing (SFB)
4' 0" 4' 0"
and gypsum 4' 0"
3' 0"
board (GB)
4' 0" 1' 7"
braced wall
4' 0"
panels BEDROOM OPEN
TO BELOW
18' 3"
15' 3"
Walls taller than BEDROOM
10' require
BATHROOM engineering if
they are to be
27' 9"
used for bracing

4' 0"
2' 6"
4' 0"
4' 0"
BEDROOM
4' 0"
OPEN
11' 8"
TO BELOW
4' 0"
4' 0"
BEDROOM
4' 0"
4' 0"
10' 0" 4' 0" 4' 0" 11' 11"
= Structural Fiberboard Sheathing (SFB) = Gypsum Board (GB)
Remarks: BWL 2 is an example of use of BWP’s that meet the minimum requirements of Section
R602.10.2. (See Updates 25 and 26.) Line 2 provides 12 feet of qualified SFB braced wall panels. The
requirement is that no more than two-thirds of the required braced wall panel length is located to one
side of the BWL. In this example, 8 ft of BWP’s are on the south side of line 2 and 4 ft of BWP’s are on
the north side of line 2. All of the panels are offset the maximum distance of 4 ft.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation
SUPPLEMENTAL APPENDICES 83

2021 Update: Revise Braced Wall Line 2 placement. Add note for bracing placement along Braced Wall
Line 3.
FIGURE 4.17
SINGLE STORY PLAN 49' 4"
Single-story plan
32' 0" 17' 4"
with continuously
sheathed wood
structural panel 3' 10" 2' 0" 4' 0" COVERED 5' 0" 2' 0"
(CS-WSP) and PORCH
continuously
4' 0"
sheathed portal
frame (CS-PF)
2' 0"
braced wall
17' 6"
DINING
panels
2' 0"
MASTER
30' 0"
BEDROOM
4' 0"
GREAT ROOM
42' 0"
2' 0"
KITCHEN
2' 0"
4' 0" 2' 0"
3' 7"
7' 0"
4' 0"
4' 0"
8' 0"
4' 0"
BATH 8' 0"

MASTER
12' 0"
DEN 6'-0" BATH

BEDROOM ENTRY
1' 5" 2' 0"

BATHROOM
2' 0"
2' 0"
1' 0" 2' 0"

2' 0" 2' 0" 2' 0" 2' 0" 8' 0"
2' 0" 9' 5"
COVERED
PORCH
= Continuously Sheathed Wood Structural Panel (CS-WSP)

= Continuously Sheathed Portal Frame (CS-PF)
Remarks: The 2021 IRC now requires no more than two-thirds of bracing length be placed along one
side of a braced wall line. In the 2018 Guide, all bracing along Braced Wall Line 2 was to the south of the
braced wall line.
The floor plan was modified at the north bedroom wall to provide 7'-0" of BWP’s on the north side of
BWL 2. This meets the minimum requirements of Section R602.10.2 with 7'-0" (one-third of the total) on
the north side of line 2 and 14'-0" (two-thirds of the total) on the south side of line 2 for a total of 21'-0"
of bracing.
Braced Wall Line 3 has 4 ft of bracing on the braced wall line, 10 ft of bracing to the south and 6 ft to the
north of the braced wall line. This places 50 percent of the bracing south of the wall line which is less
than two-thirds of the total bracing. BWL 3 is OK.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation
SUPPLEMENTAL APPENDICES 84
UPDATE 70, SUPPLEMENTAL APPENDICES

Section/Table/Figure Number: 2018 Guide Table F.1
2021 Update: Revise the 2018 Guide Table F.1 as follows.
TABLE F.1
Section R602.10.4.1, Item SDC A SDC B SDC C SDC D0 SDC D1 SDC D2
Mixing bracing Mixing intermittent and continuous methods
methods per 1
story-to-story • • • • • •
IRC Section
Mixing intermittent methods only
R602.10.4.1 2a
BWL-to-BWL within a story • • • • • •
One- and two-family dwellings
Mixing Methods CS-WSP, CS-G, CS-PF

4a
in a BWL • • • • • •
Mixing of intermittent Methods ABW, PFH
4b and PFG ABW and PFH are permitted along • • • • • •
a continuously sheathed braced wall line.
Mixing intermittent and continuous methods
2b
BWL-to-BWL within a story • • •
Mixing intermittent methods along a
3 BWL (using greatest length required of • • •
methods used)
Mixing intermittent methods on interior
portions and continuous methods
5 (CS-WSP, CS-G, CS-PF) on exterior portions • • •
of a BWL (using greatest length required of
methods used)
1
story-to-story • • • • • •
Mixing intermittent methods only
2a
BWL-to-BWL within a story • • • • • •
Mixing Methods CS-WSP, CS-G, CS-PF
4a
in a BWL • • • • • •
Mixing of intermittent methods ABW, PFH
4b and PFG ABW and PFH are permitted along • • • • • •
Townhouse
a continuously sheathed BWL.

2b
BWL-to-BWL within a story • • •
Mixing intermittent methods along a
3 BWL (using greatest length required of • •
methods used)
Mixing intermittent methods on interior
portions and continuous methods
5 (CS-WSP, CS-G, CS-PF) on exterior portions • •
of a BWL (using greatest length required of
methods used)
BWL = Braced Wall Line
SDC = Seismic Design Category
Remarks: PFG is not permitted in SDC D0, D1 and D2 in accordance with the 2021 IRC Table
R602.10.3(3) Footnote e.
@seismicisolation
@seismicisolation
2 0 2 1 S U P P L E M E N T:
A GU ID E TO T H E
2018 IRC® WOOD WALL

BRACING PROVISIONS
This illustrative guide was developed to help building designers,
builders, building officials and others using the code in the
application of the lateral bracing requirements updated to the 2021
International Residential Code® (IRC).
While bracing is just one of many important factors to consider

when designing, performing plan review, building, or inspecting a
structure, it is a common source of confusion and misapplication.
The authors identify and explain the key elements of bracing and
demystify the prescriptive bracing provisions of the IRC.
TOPICS COVERED INCLUDE:
 Understanding the wind and seismic forces that act on a house

 History of bracing and how it works
 Learning the “language” of bracing
 The physical limits under which bracing can be used
 Bracing options available to the builder/designer
 Rules for the use of bracing
 Determining how much bracing is required
with adjustments and variations
 Connection details for bracing units
 Cripple walls and foundations
 Special bracing provisions for stone
and masonry veneer
 Whole house considerations
The basic concepts, historical perspective and the correct application
of the IRC bracing provisions are presented in a logical format
incorporating appropriate examples, specific applications and
suggested solutions.
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2021 Supplement A Guide To The 2018 IRC® Wood Wall Bracing Provisions

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2021 Supplement A Guide To The 2018 IRC® Wood Wall Bracing Provisions

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2 0 2 1 S U P P L E M E N T:

2018 IRC® WOOD WALL

The major changes can be summarized as follows:

How to use this Supplement

 The updates are placed in sequential order.

The authors and reviewers are:

2021 2021 2018

2021 2021 2018

2021 2021 2018

2021 2021 2018

Chapter 1: Wall Bracing:

Adapted from IRC

Wind Design Required

Special Wind Regions

Chapter 2: Other Related Provisions

Townhouse Unit Unit Separation Walls

Local climatic Ground Topo- Special

UPDATE 10, CHAPTER 2

UPDATE 11, CHAPTER 2

100 120 125 129 134 138 144 147

110 132 137 142 147 152 158 162

115 138 143 148 154 159 165 169

120 144 149 155 160 166 172 176

130 156 162 168 174 179 NA NA

140 168 174 181 NA NA NA NA

UPDATE 12, CHAPTER 2

8. Hillside light-frame construction. Conditions in which all of the following apply:

Seismic forces in the direction of the slope move

Tallest Tallest post

Cripple wall clear height. Post clear height.

Lowest framed floor is supported directly on

UPDATE 13, CHAPTER 2

UPDATE 14, CHAPTER 2

b) Revise the note within the floor plan as follows.

UPDATE 15, CHAPTER 2

UPDATE 16, CHAPTER 2

UPDATE 17, CHAPTER 2

LONGITUDINAL TOP PLATE SPLICE

3" x 6" x 0.036" galvanized steel plate.

3" x 12" x 0.036" galvanized

3" x 6" x 0.036"

UPDATE 18, CHAPTER 2

Bored hole max.

5/8" min. to edge

Notch must not exceed

UPDATE 19, CHAPTER 2

UPDATE 20, CHAPTER 2

UPDATE 21, CHAPTER 2

2021 Update: Revise the 2018 IRC Section R602.9 as follows.

UPDATE 22, CHAPTER 2

1. No. 15 felt complying with ASTM D226, Type 1.

UPDATE 23, CHAPTER 2

UPDATE 24, CHAPTER 2

2021 Update: Revise the 2018 IRC section R602.10.1.2 as follows.

UPDATE 26, CHAPTER 3

EXAMPLE 2: BWL A BWL B

EXAMPLE 3: BWL A BWL B BWL C

EXAMPLE 4: BWL A BWL B BWL C

UPDATE 27, CHAPTER 3

UPDATE 28, CHAPTER 3

UPDATE 29, CHAPTER 3

UPDATE 30, CHAPTER 3

UPDATE 31, CHAPTER 3

The updates are placed in sequential order.