Module 12B Structural Engineering Softwares Batch 2

MODULE 12B BATCH 2
APPLICATION OF ETABS IN STRUCTURAL DESIGN
7-9 December 2018

Quezon City
RUEL B. RAMIREZ, MSCE, M. ASEP, M. ISSEP 16th Floor, West Trade Center, 132 West Avenue, Quezon City CERTIFIED
Structural Engineering Specialist, StEng No. 99 EMAIL: rbra_engrs@yahoo.com TN: (+063)-3553727 ISO 9001:2008
TOPIC OUTLINE
1. Introduction 3.1.1. Material and Section Properties
1.1. What is a Structure? 3.1.2. Diaphragms and Shearwalls
1.2. Building Code 3.1.3. Stiffness Magnifier
1.3. Design Loads 3.1.4. Definition of Mass Source
1.4. Load Combinations 3.1.5. Parameters for Dynamic Analysis
1.5. Structural Systems 3.1.6. Load Patterns & Load Combination
1.6. Building Irregularities 3.1.7. Scaling of Earthquake Forces
3.1.8. Interpretation of Results
2. Background of ETABS 3.2. Design and Detailing
3.2.1. Beams
2.1. History of ETABS
Application and Capabilities 3.2.2. Columns
2.2.
3.2.3. Shearwalls
2.3. Coordinate Systems and Grids
Structural Objects 3.2.4. Diaphragm
2.4.
2.5. Shell, Membrane, and Plate
4. References
3. Workshop 1 - 8-Storey RC Building
3.1. Modeling and Analysis
INTRODUCTION
What is a Structure? Nothing on this earth
constructed by man
without a backbone
to resist the forces of
nature.. the structure,
RBR
NSCP 2015
What is a Structure? Truss
Structure can be
truss, frame, plate,
shell, solid, cable, or
membrane system, or
Frame
a combination
thereof to serve an
intended function or
occupancy.
What is a Structure? Plate
Structure can be
shell, solid, cable, or
membrane system, or
a combination
thereof to serve an Shell
occupancy.
What is a Structure? Solid
Structure can be
shell, solid, cable, or Cable
membrane system, or
a combination
Membrane
thereof to serve an
occupancy.
What is a Structure?
😇
Beam?
Plate?
Shell?
Solid?
Column?
Beam?
Brace?
Cable?
Building Code
Building Code is a set of rules that
specify the standards for constructed
objects such as buildings and non-
building structures.
The Code of Hammurabi:

“If a Builder build a house for someone, and
does not construct it properly, and the house
that he built fall in and kill its Owner, then that
Builder shall be put to death.”
Building Code
ETC!!!
Building Code
Building Code
NSCP 2015
Design Loads
Dead Load
Gravity Load is a force in
a body acting in the
direction towards the center 👫 Live Load
of the earth due to
gravitational pull. In
structural design, gravity
load is divided into two,
Dead Load Live Load
Design Loads
Dead Load consist the weight of all materials and fixed
equipment incorporated into the building or other structure.
Table 204-1
Minimum Densities
for Design Loads
From Materials
Design Loads
Dead Load consist the weight of all materials and fixed
equipment incorporated into the building or other structure.
Table 204-2
Minimum Design
Dead Loads
Design Loads
Live Load are loads produced by the use and occupancy of
the building and do not include dead load, construction load,
or environmental loads.
Table 205-1
Minimum Uniform
and Concentrated
Live Loads
Design Loads
Table 205-1
Minimum Uniform
and Concentrated
Live Loads
Design Loads
Table 205-2
Special Loads
Design Loads
Table 205-3
Minimum Roof Live
Loads
Design Loads
Wind Load is a force acting in the building,
its building components and claddings that
are exposed to the wind intensity
2
q = 0.613KzKztKdV NSCP 207.D.3.2
Stream line of
a flow over a
building model
Design Loads
NSCP
Design Loads
Factors that affect the wind pressures acting in the building
surfaces are the following:
Zoning Building Height

Exposure Topography
Other considerations are the following:

• Type of occupancy
• Directionality factor
• Type of building and angle of surfaces
Design Loads
Zoning accounts for the possibility of occurrence of typhoon
and its expected wind velocity in a specific site.
MRI = 1700 years MRI = 700 years MRI = 300 years
Occupancy Category I
Occupancy Category II
Occupancy Category
III, IV, V
Figure 207A.5-1C Figure 207A.5-1B Figure 207A.5-1A
Design Loads
Exposure accounts for friction
between the wind and the ground
of the specific site
Exposure B. Urban area with numerous closely spaced obstructions having
size of single family dwelling or larger. For all structures shown, terrain
representative of surface roughness Category B extends more than twenty
times the height of the structure or 792m whichever is greater, in the upwind
direction
Exposure B. Suburban residential area with mostly single family dwellings less
than 9.1m high. In the center of the photograph have sites designated as
Exposure B wit surface roughness Category B terrain around the site for a
distance greater than 457m in any wind direction.
Design Loads
Exposure C. Flat open grassland with scattered obstructions having heights

generally less than 9.1m
Exposure B. Structures in the foreground are located in Exposure B. Structures

in the center top of the photograph adjacent to the clearing to the left, which
is greater than approximately 200m in length, are located in Exposure C when
wind comes from the left over the clearing.
Design Loads
Exposure D. A building at the shoreline (excluding shorelines in hurricane-

prone regions) with wind flowing over open water for a distance of at least 1
mile.
Exposure C. Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally

less than 9.1m for most wind directions, all 1-story structures with a mean
roof height less than 9.1m in the photograph are less than 457m or ten
times the height of the structure, whichever is greater, from an open field
that prevents the use of Exposure B.
Design Loads
Building Height is an
important consideration in
wind pressure calculation
since wind pressure
increases with height above
the ground.
Design Loads
Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient (Kz)
Where:
z = mean roof height
of the structure
a = Table 207A.9-1
zg = Table 207A.9-1
Design Loads
Topographic Factor (Kzt) NSCP 207.A.8.2
Design Loads
Topography of the site
affects the winds speed
Escarpment
2-D Ridge
3-D Axisymmetric Hill

Design Loads
Topographic Factor, (Kzt) NSCP 207.A.8.2
Design Loads
Topographic Factor (Kzt)
Design Loads
Design Loads
Design Loads
Earthquake - Sudden release of stored strain energy in the
earth’s crust that creates seismic waves
In effect, ground shaking is very destructive to man-made

structures and the natural environment
Types of earthquakes are tectonic, volcanic, blast, etc.
Design Loads
Ground shaking during earthquakes
Design Loads
Design Loads
Design Loads
Design Loads
Basis for Design - The procedures and the limitations for the
design of structures shall be determined considering the
following:
Zoning
Indicates the effective peak ground acceleration
Site Characteristics
Accounts for the variability of soil condition
Occupancy
Accounts for the importance of the structure or facility
Configuration
Accounts for the response and behavior of the structure under lateral load
Structural System and Height
Implies the response of the building under lateral load
Design Loads
w w
F3
w w
F2
w w
F1
V, base shear
Design Loads
Where,
V is the base shear
Na is the seismic coefficient (Table 208-5)
Nv is the seismic coefficient (Table 208-6)
Ca is the seismic coefficient (Table 208-7)
Cv is the seismic coefficient (Table 208-8)
T is the period of vibration
R numerical coefficient
W is the total dead weight of the structure
I is the importance factor
Design Loads
Seismic Zone - The Philippine
Archipelago is divided into two seismic
zones:
• Zone 2 covers the provinces of
Palawan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi
• Zone 4 covers the rest of the
country
Design Loads
Importance Factor, I and Ip - A
factor that accounts for the
degree of hazard to human life
and damage to property.
Each structure shall be placed

in one of the Occupancy
Categories with their assigned
importance factors and structural
observation requirements.
Design Loads
Soil Profile Type - Forces generated by earthquakes to the
buildings located on soft site are amplified as compared to the
forces generated by earthquakes to the buildings located on
good soil such as rock.
Design Loads
Seismic Source Types - The building
code classifies different seismic zones
depending on the ground acceleration
recorded on the same site.
Table 208-4 defines the types of

seismic sources. The location and
type of seismic sources to be used
for design shall be established based
on approved geological data.
Design Loads
Design Loads
Near Source Factor, Na
and Nv - Each site shall
be assigned near-source
factors in accordance
with Table 208-5 and
208-6 based on the
Seismic Source Type in
Table 208-4.
Design Loads
Seismic Response
Coefficients, Ca and Cv - Each
structure shall be assigned a
seismic coefficient, Ca and Cv in
Table 208-7 and Table 208-8.
Design Loads
R - Numerical
coefficient
representative of
the inherent over-
strength and
global ductility
capacity of lateral-
force-resisting
systems.
Design Loads
Period of Vibration, T - Period
of vibration
Load Combination
Service Loads
Load Combination
Ultimate Loads
Structural System
The type of occupancy, building height, and the geometry of
the structure are the major criteria in the selection of structural
systems specifically in high seismic risk regions. Generally, there
are six major type of structural systems as defined by the
NSCP as follows,
Bearing Wall System Dual Frame System
Building Frame System Shear-Wall-Frame-Interactive
Moment Resisting Frame Cantilevered Column

Structural System
Lateral-Load-
Resisting System -
Is used to resist the lateral
forces which are normally
generated by wind or
earthquake forces.
This system is the

backbone of any buildings
and must be designed to
resist any expected lateral
forces.
Structural System
Lateral-Load-
Resisting System -
earthquake forces.
This system is the

forces.
Structural System
Lateral-Load-
Resisting System -
earthquake forces.
This system is the

forces.
Structural System
Lateral-Load-
Resisting System -
earthquake forces.
This system is the

forces.
Structural System
Lateral-Load-
Resisting System -
earthquake forces.
This system is the

forces.
Building Irregularities
Irregular structures are those
with significant physical
discontinuities in
configuration of the lateral-
force-resisting system.
Irregular structures are one

of the most frequent causes
of severe damages in
buildings under lateral loads
due to earthquakes.
ETABS 2016
Introduction to ETABS E - Extended
➢ ETABS is in use for more than 40 years which started as
T - Three-dimensional
TABS in 1975
➢ Developed by Computers and Structures, Inc. (CSI)
A - Analysis of
➢ Has been developed specifically for multi-story commercial B - Building

and residential building structures, such as office towers, S - Systems
apartments and hospitals.
➢ Utilizing the SAPfire analysis engine, the state-of-the-art
equation solver that powers all of CSI’s software

➢ Used to create the mathematical model of the Burj
Khalifa
➢ Has received recognition as the Top Seismic Product of Ashraf Habibullah
Founder of CSI
the 20th century by Applied Technology Council and Inventor of ETABS
Engineering News-Record
Introduction to ETABS
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
System Requirements
a. Processor
b. Operating System
c. Disk Space
d. Memory
e. Video Card
PROCESSOR
➢ Minimum: Intel Pentium 4 or AMD
Athlon 64
➢ Recommended: Intel i5/i7, AMD
Athlon X4/Ryzen, or better
➢ 64-bit CPU is required
System Requirements
OPERATING SYSTEM
➢ Microsoft® Windows 7, Microsoft®
Windows 8 or Microsoft® Windows
10
DISK SPACE MEMORY
➢ 6 Gigabytes to install the software
➢ 6 Gigabytes to install the software
➢ Recommended: 500 GB or larger
➢ Recommended: 500 GB or larger
PCIe Solid State Drive (SSD).
PCIe Solid State Drive (SSD).
External and network drives are
External and network drives are
not recommended.
not recommended.
System Requirements
VIDEO CARD
➢ Minimum: Supporting 1024 by 768
resolution and 16 bits colors for
standard (GDI+) graphics mode
➢ Recommended: Discrete video card
NVIDIA GPU or equivalent and
dedicated graphics RAM (512 Mb
or larger) for DirectX graphics
mode. The card must be DirectX
11 Compatible
User Interface
STARTING A NEW
MODEL
➢ Click FILE located on
at the upper left
corner
➢ And then choose
NEW MODEL
or
➢ Hold CTRL key and

press N
User Interface
1 3
STARTING A NEW
MODEL 2
➢ Specify desired units,
steel section
database, steel and
concrete design code
1
2
4
3
User Interface ETABS graphical user interface
MAIN TITLE BAR MENU BAR
DISPLAY TITLE TAB DISPLAY TITLE TAB

(ACTIVE WINDOW) (INACTIVE WINDOW)
TOOLBARS
MODEL EXPLORER
CURRENT UNITS
COORDINATE SYSTEM
STATUS BAR DRAWING SELECTION

(SIMILAR STORIES FEATURE)
MOUSE POINTER
POSITION COORDINATES
User Interface
DRAWING TOOLS
Select Object
Reshape Object
Draw Beam/Column/Brace (Plan, Elev, 3D)

Quick Draw Beams/Columns (Plan, Elev, 3D)
Quick Draw Columns (Plan, 3D)
Quick Draw Secondary Beams (Plan, 3D)

Quick Draw Braces (Plan, 3D)
Draw Floor/Wall (Plan, Elev, 3D)

Draw Rectangular Floor/Wall (Plan, Elev)
Quick Draw Rectangular Floor/Wall (Plan, Elev, 3D)
User Interface
MODELLING PROCEDURES: Stories and Grid Systems
User Interface
MODELLING PROCEDURES: Material Properties (Steel) 1
User Interface
MODELLING PROCEDURES: Material Properties (Concrete)
1
User Interface
MODELLING PROCEDURES: Frame Section (Beams & Columns)
User Interface
MODELLING PROCEDURES: Frame Section (Slab)
User Interface
MODELLING PROCEDURES
Draw Beams Draw Slabs
Specify Beam Section
Specify Slab Properties
Draw Columns
Specify Column Section
User Interface
LOADING PATTERNS
User Interface
LOADING CASES
User Interface
LOADING COMBINATIONS
User Interface
LOADING ASSIGNMENTS
User Interface
RUN ANALYSIS
User Interface
DESIGN OF MEMBERS
User Interface
DESIGN OF MEMBERS
WORKSHOP

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Module 12B Structural Engineering Softwares Batch 2

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MODULE 12B BATCH 2

APPLICATION OF ETABS IN STRUCTURAL DESIGN

7-9 December 2018

The Code of Hammurabi:

Dead Load Live Load

Zoning Building Height

Other considerations are the following:

Exposure C. Flat open grassland with scattered obstructions having heights

Exposure B. Structures in the foreground are located in Exposure B. Structures

Exposure D. A building at the shoreline (excluding shorelines in hurricane-

Exposure C. Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally

3-D Axisymmetric Hill

In effect, ground shaking is very destructive to man-made

Types of earthquakes are tectonic, volcanic, blast, etc.

Each structure shall be placed

Table 208-4 defines the types of

Bearing Wall System Dual Frame System

Building Frame System Shear-Wall-Frame-Interactive

Moment Resisting Frame Cantilevered Column

This system is the

This system is the

This system is the

This system is the

This system is the

Irregular structures are one

➢ Has been developed specifically for multi-story commercial B - Building

equation solver that powers all of CSI’s software

➢ Hold CTRL key and

DISPLAY TITLE TAB DISPLAY TITLE TAB

STATUS BAR DRAWING SELECTION

Draw Beam/Column/Brace (Plan, Elev, 3D)

Quick Draw Columns (Plan, 3D)

Quick Draw Secondary Beams (Plan, 3D)

Draw Floor/Wall (Plan, Elev, 3D)

Quick Draw Rectangular Floor/Wall (Plan, Elev, 3D)

Draw Beams Draw Slabs

Specify Beam Section

Specify Slab Properties

Specify Column Section

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