Kuswanto-2012

Rancangan Bujur Sangkar Latin:

RBL adalah pengembangan dari RAK.

Dimana RBL diterapkan untuk lahan yang
mempunyai 2 arah gradien penyebab heterogenitas

Sangat tepat untuk penelitian dengan

gradien kemiringan dan kelembaban tanah
Imagine a field with a slope and fertility gradient:

fertility
slope B C A D E B C
C D E B A C D
A E
D B
A B C D E
B C D E A E A

C D E A B
D E A B C
E A B C D
Imagine a field with a slope and fertility gradient:

fertility

slope B C A D E B C
C D E B A C D
A E
D B
A B C D E
B C D E A E A

C D E A B
D E A B C
E A B C D
Imagine a field with a slope and fertility gradient:

fertility

slope B C A D E B C
C D E B A C D
A E
D B
A B C D E
B C D E A E A

C D E A B
D E A B C
E A B C D
We refer to Latin Squares as 3x3 or 5x5 etc.
A Latin square requires the same number of
replications as we have treatments.

Degrees of freedom are calculated as follows

(6x6 example):
Total = (6x6) – 1 = 35
Rows = r -1 = 6 – 1 = 5
Columns =c–1=6–1=5
Treatments = k – 1 = 6 – 1 = 5
Error = 35 – 5 – 5 – 5 = 20
or (r-1)(c-1) – (k – 1) = (5x5) – 5 = 20
Example:
We are interested in the effect of 4 fertilizers
(A,B,C,D) on corn yield. We have seed which was
stored under four conditions and we have four
fields in which we are conducting the experiment.

stor1 stor2 stor3 stor4

Field1 B D A C
Field2 C A B D
Field3 A C D B
Field4 D B C A
 stor1 stor2 stor3 stor4

fld1 B D A C

fld2 C A B D

fld3 A C D B

fld4 D B C A

Each treatment appears in each row and column once .

Treatments are assigned randomly, but as each is

assigned, constraints are placed on the next
treatment to be assigned.
How to randomizing??

1 2 3 4 5
A B C D E
1
B C D E A
2
C D E A B
3
D E A B C
4
E A B C D
5
 Then randomize the rows:

1 2 3 4 5
B C D E A
2
5 E A B C D

4 D E A B C

C D E A B
3
A B C D E
1

Pay attention the row position!

 Then randomize the rows:

1 2 3 4 5
B C D E A
2
5 E A B C D

4 D E A B C

C D E A B
3
A B C D E
1

Pay attention the row position!

Then Randomize columns,
then randomly assign treatments to letters:

5 3 2 4 1
E C B D A
1
A D C E B
2
B E D A C
3
C A E B D
4
D B A C E
5
Then Randomize columns,
then randomly assign treatments to letters:

5 3 2 4 1
E C B D A
1
A D C E B
2
B E D A C
3
C A E B D
4
D B A C E
5
 The LS design is most often used with a field to
account for gradients in soil, fertility, or moisture .
In a greenhouse, plants on different shelves
(rak) and benches (bangku) may be blocked.

Latin Squares are also useful when we know (or

suspect variation) of a linear nature, but do not know
the direction it will take (eg bark beetle study).

The Latin Square design is only useful if both rows and

columns vary appreciably. If they do not, a RCBD (RAK)
or Completely randomized design (RAL) would be better
(more degrees of freedom in the error term for F test)
How to analysis of a Latin Square:
Three way model, treatment fixed effect, rows
and columns are both random effects.

No replication so same problem as RCB design

(RAL) with experimental error. Must remove
interaction from model – assume no interaction.

Model  Source of Variability

Treatment (fixed)
Row (random)
Column (random)
Example: We want to compare effect of 4
different fertilizer on yield of potatoes.

B D C A

C A D B

A C B D

D B A C
 Contoh : Hasil pipilan 4 varietas jagung

Lajur
Baris 1 2 3 4 Jlh baris
1 1,64 (B) 1,21(D) 1,42(C) 1,34(A) 5,62
2 1,47(C) 1,18(A) 1,40(D) 1,29(B) 5,35

3 1,67(A) 0,71(C) 1,66(B) 1,18(D) 5,225

4 1,56(D) 1,29(B) 1,65(A) 0,66(C) 5,17
Jlh lajur 6,35 4,395 6,145 4,475 21,365

Hitung jumlah perlakuan (P) dan rata-ratanya

Jumlah perlakuan dan rerata
Perlakuan Jumlah Rerata
A 5,855 1,464
B 5,885 1,471
C 4,270 1,068
D 5,355 1,339
 Hitung JK
 FK = (21,365)²/16 = 28,529
 JKt = {(1,640)² + …+ 0,660)² -FK = 1,4139
 JKb = (5,62)² + …+ (5,170)² -FK = 0,03015
 JKl = (6,350)² +…+ (4,475)² -FK = 0,8273
 JKp = (5,855)² + …+ (5,355)² -FK = 0,4268
 JKe = JKt-JKb-JKl-JKp = 0,1295

 Masukkan ke tabel ANOVA 

 Tabel Anova
SK DB JK KT F hit Ft5% Ft1%

Baris 3 0,03015 0,01005

Lajur 3 0,8273 0,2757

Perlakuan 3 0,4268 0,1422 6,59* 4,76 9,78

Galat 6 0,1295 0,0215

Total 15 1,4139

Kesimpulan : Perlakuan  berbeda nyata

 Interpretasi
 F hitung perlakuan berbeda nyata berarti 4
perlakuan tersebut secara statistik berbeda
nyata
 Perbedaan antar perlakuan menyebabkan
keragaman, dan keragaman yang
disebabkan oleh perlakuan lebih besar
daripada keragaman yang disebabkan oleh
faktor sesatan percobaan (faktor lain)