Intellectual Property Rights Basic Features: DR Eszter Telek IPR-Insights Consulting Etelek@ipr - Hu

Intellectual property rights
Basic features
Dr Eszter Telek
IPR-Insights Consulting
etelek@ipr.hu
IPR-INSIGHTS CONSULTING AND RESEARCH

1116 BUDAPEST, KONDORFA U. 10.  TEL.: (+36-1) 204-7730  FAX: (+36-1) 204-7731
E-MAIL: INFO@IPR-INSIGHTS.HU  WWW.IPR-INSIGHTS.HU
IPR basic features

Copyright
+
Industrial rights
=
 Intellectual: creative human activity

 Property: special form of ownership
 Other characteristics: negative, exclusive, absolute

IPR basic features
Areas of IPR
 Copyright
 Industrial rights
 Patents
 Trademarks
 Designs
 Etc.

IPR basic features
Outline of copyright
 Protection of artistic, literary, musical works
 Protection of the form, expression
 Copyright applies to any expressible form of an idea or information
that is substantive and discrete
 Idea, conception, theory not protected
 Individual connection between the author and the work
 Subjective elements
 Homogeneous field
 Baselines:
 Creator
 Work
 Exclusive rights
 Ipso iure protection
 Protection for long (definite) period

IPR basic features
Outline of industrial rights

 Protection of scientific, technological works
 Not so tight connection between the creator and
the work
 More objective assessment
 Stronger economic-financial aspects
 Heterogeneous field
 Protection is granted
 by the state/official body
 For a fixed (not so long) period of time*
*trademark!

IPR basic features
Outline of industrial rights - Patent

 Invention
 New
 Inventive
 Industrially applicable - EU
 (in any segment of technology)
 Certain subject areas are excluded:

 Discovery, theory, business methods, mental acts
etc. – as such

IPR basic features
Outline of industrial rights - Patent

 Formalities
 Registration
 Patent application
 Claims
 Defining the invention
 Examination
 Fee
 Exclusive rights are granted by the patent office

 For the patentee
 To use the patented invention
 For definite period
 Prevent others from using the invention

IPR basic features
Outline of industrial rights - Trademark

 Distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual or legal entity to identify
its products and/or services
 (1) a „sign”
 (2) capable of “graphical representation”
 (3) with a distinguishing capability
 Word, logo, slogan, name, number, sound, smell etc.
 Types
 Word mark
 Figurative mark
 Primary function of a trademark is to serve as indication of origin (ECJ)
 a trademark must have a distinctive character =>
 must not be generic/descriptive and
 must not be identical or confusingly similar to other trademarks used
for same or similar types of goods or services

IPR basic features
Outline of industrial rights - Trademark

 Formalities
 In most jurisdictions through use and registration
 EU: registration
 Duration – potentially perpetual
 Geographical scope
 Main rule: only where used/registered
 Exemption : Well-known marks
 Exclusive right of the trademark owner to use the trademark in the course
of trade

IPR basic features
Levels of protection
 International
 EC/EU
 Domestic

IPR basic features
International level
 General conventions
 Berne Convention 1886
 Intellectual rights; literary and artistic works
 Paris Convention 1883
 Industrial rights; patents, trademarks and design
rights
 Berne Convention and Paris Convention –

administered by WIPO
 TRIPs 1994

IPR basic features
Copyright - Berne Convention

 Intellectual rights; Literary and Artistic Works
 1886
 Last amendment: 1979
 164 members
 Basic principles:
 minimum requirements to copyright protection,
 no extra-territorial effect of national legislation
 principle of national treatment (nondiscrimination),
 no formal requirements for protection

IPR basic features
Industrial rights - Paris Convention
 Industrial rights; Patents, Trademarks and design rights

 1883
 Last amendment: 1979
 173 members
 Basic principles:
 No extra-territorial effect of national legislation,
 principle of national treatment (nondiscrimination),
 Minimum requirement to national legislation etc.

IPR basic features
General IPRs - TRIPs

 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights
 1994
 Background; negotiations in GATT
 WTO (now: 140 countries) established in 1993 and TRIPs
entered into force in1995
 Minimum requirements to national legislation on IPR and
enforcement of IPR
 scope is to bring up level of protection in developing
countries
 ECJ may interpret and enforce TRIPs

IPR basic features
International level – Copyright
 Berne Convention 1886

 Rome Convention 1961
 performing artists and sound recordings
 TRIPS Agreement 1994
 WIPO Copyright Treaty 1996
 WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty 1996

IPR basic features
International level – Industrial rights
 Patent
 Patent Co-operation Treaty 1970
 European Patent Convention 1973
 EU and non-EU countries
 Trademark
 Madrid Agreement 1891
 Madrid Protocol 1989

IPR basic features
EU level
 EU and national IPR-laws – there is no exclusive EU
competence
 There is no separate EU IPR-policy
 Internal market relevance
 Gradation
 Fragmentation
 Subsidiarity
 Cultural aspects
 Strong political interests
 Regulation
 Horizontal
 Non-horizontal

IPR basic features
EU level - Copyright
 Directive 91/250/EEC Legal protection of computer programs
 Directive 92/100/EEC Rental right and lending right and on certain
rights related to copyright in the field of intellectual property
 Directive 93/83/EEC The coordination of certain rules concerning
copyright and rights related to copyright applicable to satellite
broadcasting and cable retransmission
 Directive 93/98/EEC Harmonizing the term of protection of
copyright and certain related rights
 Directive 96/9/EC Legal protection of databases
 Directive 2001/29/EC The Info.soc. Directive
 Directive 2001/84/EC Resale right for the benefit of the author of
an original work of art
 Directive 2004/48/EC Enforcement of intellectual property rights

IPR basic features
EU level – Industrial rights

 Trademarks:
 Directive 89/104/EEC to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to
trade marks
 Regulation 40/94/EEC on the Community trademark
 Patents:
 Directive 1998/44/EC on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions
 COM(2002) 92 Final Proposal for a directive on the patentability of computer-
implemented inventions
 Design rights:
 Directive 98/71/EEC on the legal protection of designs
 Regulation 6-2002 on Community designs

IPR basic features
Thank you for your kind attention!


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