Term paper

(( topic
topic :-
:- Boltzmann
Boltzmann transport
transport equation
equation and
and
H-
H- Theorem
Theorem ))

Made By :- Riya saluja

and
Puneet sharma
Boltzmann
Transport
Equation
·

and H-
Theorem ​
 Aims of presentation

1 Boltzmann Transport Equation

(¡) Find the transportation equation of motion for
distribution function f ( r, p , t ) .​

( ¡ ¡ ) To d e r i v e t h e e x p l i c i t f o r m u l a f o r ( ∂ f / ∂ t ) c o l l i s i o n . ​

2 Explanation of Boltzmann H-theorem

 Boltzmann transport
1
equation​

i Aim of kinetic theory :- find the distribution function of

f ( r, p , t ) f o r a g i v e n f o r m o f p a r ti c l e - p a r t i c l e i n t e r a c t i o n .

Special case f ( r, p , t ) f o r t → ꝏ
e quilibrium distribution

equilibrium thermodynamics
Find the equation of motion for the distribution function

Consider a collisionless free flow (no force) in r direction for time t

r1 r2 r'1 r'2 P

r'1,2 = r 1,2 +v δt
x
r'1 - r'2 = r1 - r2
3
d p
O

The six-dimensional phase space of a molecule

r
3
d r
Now let’s generalize into full r-dependence and allow for an external force F

(derivation of this is provided in the report)

p
f (r   t , p  F  t , t ) d 3 r d 3 p  f ( r , p, t ) d 3 rd 3 p
m
using canonical transformations keeping hamiltonian
unchanged

p f
f ( r , p, t )   r f  t   p f F t   t  f ( r , p, t )
m t

So far we ignored particle-particle collisions

change of f due to collisions

f p  f 
 r f   p f F   
t m  t coll
This
This is
is our
our Boltzmann
Boltzmann Transportation
Transportation Equation
Equation
 ii To d e r i v e t h e e x p l i c i t f o r m u l a f o r ( ∂ f / ∂ t ) c o l l i s i o n .

we assume that the gas is sufficiently dilute that only binary collision need
to be taken in accounts.

collision inverse collision

Before and After Before

After
classical collision between
macroscopic objects

Detailed analysis of the transport equation and derivation is in text book

(see Kerson Huang, Statistical Mechanics, John Wiley&Sons,New York 1987, p.
60 sec 3.3)
Huang, Kerson - 1987 - Statistical Mechanics 2Ed (Wiley)(T)(506S).pdf
 hence the final term of boltzmann
transportation equation is :-
p p T
 
   p1 .  2
 ' '

  f d  f f f f
3 3 3
p2 d p1 d
  F .  4
   
p1 
' ,

 t m r
 1 p 2
f i Fi
 2 1 2 1 
 

which is a non-linear intergo-differential equation

for the distribution function.
 2 Boltzmann H-Theorem

For a given distribution function f(p,t) Boltzmann define a function , “ H ” such that :- H (t )   d 3 p f ( p, t ) log f ( p, t )

Statement of H-theorem:
If at a given time t the state of a gas satisfies the assumption of molecular chaos, then at t+ (->0)

dH dH if and only if f(p,t) is the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution

0 ; 0
dt dt
 Points where molecular
H
chaos is fulfilled
H(t) calculated with f
solving Boltzmann
Transport equation

t
The solid curve is Has a function of for a function of time for a gas , initially in an improbable state.The dot are the
points at which there is “ moleculer choes” .The curve is that predicted by the Boltzmann transportation equations. t

It seems as if the H-theorem explains the time asymmetry from time

inversion symmetri microscopic descriptions.

This is not the case, assumption of molecular chaos is the origin of time
asymmetry.

(its derivation and analysis is provided into the report please go throght it)
References :- (i) Kerson Huang, Statistical Mechanics, John Wiley&Sons,New York 1987
(ii) wikipedia ( boltzmann equantion and H- therorem )
(iii) boltzmann transportation equation and H- theorem -powerpoint PPT presentation by
CICILY QUADE

In the end we want to thanks Dr. Ashok Garai

for his support and for providing us this
opportunity.
And thank you everyone for their attention