FEMUR

TAUFAN H DEWANGGA
• The femur is the only bone in the thigh
• It is classed as a long bone, and is in fact the longest
and strongest bone in the skeleton
• The main function of the femur is to transmit forces
from the tibia to the hip joint
• It acts as the place of origin and attachment of
many muscles and ligaments
• So we shall split it into three areas;
• proximal,
• shaft and
• distal
 Proximal
• The proximal area of the femur forms the hip joint
with the pelvis.
• It consists of a head and neck, and two bony
processes called trochanters.
• There are also two bony ridges connecting the two
trochanters
• Head
• Has a smooth surface with a
depression on the medial surface (the
attachment of the ligament of the
head).
• At the hip joint, it articulates with the
acetabulum of the pelvis.
• Neck 
• Connects the head of the femur with
the shaft.
• It is cylindrical,
• Projecting in a superior and medial
direction
• Intertrochanteric line
• A ridge of bone that runs in a
inferomedial direction on the anterior
surface of the femur, connecting the
two trochanters together.
• The iliofemoral ligament attaches here
– a very strong ligament of the hip
joint.
• After it passes the lesser trochanter on
the posterior surface, it is known as
the pectineal line.
• Greater trochanter 
• Projection of bone that originates from
the anterior shaft, just lateral to where
the neck joins.
• It is angled superiorly and posteriorly,
and can be found on both the anterior
and posterior sides of the femur.
• Site of attachment of the abductor and
lateral rotator muscles of the leg
• Lesser trochanter 
• Much smaller than the greater
trochanter.
• Projects from the posteromedial side of
the side, just inferior to the neck-shaft
junction.
• The psoas major and iliacus muscles
attach here.
• Intertrochanteric crest 
• Similar to the intertrochanteric line, this
is a ridge of bone that connects the two
trochanters together.
• It is located on the posterior surface of
the femur.
• There is a rounded tubercle on its
superior half, this is called the quadrate
tubercle, which is where the quadratus
femoris attaches.
 The Shaft
• The shaft descends in a slight medial direction.
• This brings the knees closer to the body’s center of
gravity, increasing stability.
• On the posterior surface of the femoral shaft, there
are roughened ridges of bone, these are called
the linea aspera (Latin for rough line)
• Proximally, the medial
border of the linea aspera
becomes the pectineal line. 
• The lateral border becomes
the gluteal
tuberosity, where the
gluteus maximus attaches.
• Distally, the linea aspera
widens and forms the floor
of the popliteal fossa, the
medial and lateral borders
form the the medial and
lateral supracondylar lines.
• The medial supracondyle
line stops at the adductor
tubercle, where the
adductor magnus attaches
 Distal
• The distal end is characterised by the presence of
the medial and lateral condyles,
• It articulate with the tibia and patella, forming the
knee joint.
• Distal femur:
2 condyles :
• Medial: larger, more posterior ;
• Lateral: more anterior & proximal
Trochlea: anterior articular depression between condyles
• Medial and lateral condyles 
• Rounded areas at the end of the
femur.
• The posterior and inferior surfaces
articulate with the tibia and menisci
of the knee,
• while the anterior surface articulates
with the patella.
• Medial and lateral epicondyles 
• Bony elevations on the non articular
areas of the condyles.
• They are the area of attachment of
some muscles and the collateral
ligaments of the knee joint.
• Intercondylar fossa 
• A depression found on the posterior
surface of the femur
• It lies in between the two condyles.
• It contains two facets for attachment
of internal knee ligaments.
• Facet for attachment of the
posterior cruciate ligament 
• Found on the medial wall of
the intercondylar fossa
• It is a large rounded flat face
• The posterior crucitate
ligament of the knee
attaches here.
• Facet for attachment of
anterior cruciate ligament
• Found on the lateral wall of
the intercondylar fossa,
• It is smaller than the facet on
the medial wall
• The anterior cruciate
ligament of the knee
attaches here.
TERIMAKASIH…..