Osteology of Pelvis and Femur

Moderator- Dr Girish
Presenter- Dr Prithviraj P
Bones of the lower limb
Form the lower appendicular skeleton composed of:
• The Pelvic girdle
• The Femur
• The Patella
• The Tibia
• The Fibula
• The Tarsals, Metatarsals and Phalanges
Pelvic Girdle
• Composed of four bones:
The two hip bones, the
sacrum and the coccyx
• The Hip Bone has 3 Parts:
• Ischium
• Ilium
• Pubis
`
Muscle attachments
Muscle attachments
Muscle attachments
Muscle attachments
Muscle attachments
Ossification of Hip bones
• The hip bone is formed by fusion of 3
primary bones - ilium, ischium & pubis
• Each has a primary ossification centre (ilium
8th week, ischium- 4th month and pubis 5th
month). It has 5 secondary centre and they
appear later
• The primary centre is on the acetabular
portion of each growing bone
• The 2 ischiopubic rami fuse by the 9th year
• At puberty, the 3 centres of ossification are
joined by triradiate cartilage
Functions of the Pelvis

• Supports, contains and protects the abdominal and pelvic

viscera
• Transmits forces from the axial skeleton to the femur
• Child birth
Differences between male and female
pelvis
• Female lighter
• Female thinner
• Female has less
obvious muscle
attachment sites
• Obturator foramina
smaller & further
apart
• Acetabulum smaller &
further apart
Applied Anatomy
• Developmental dysplasia of hip
• Traumatic dislocation
• Arthritis
Femur
• Articulates above with
acetabulum of hip bone to form
the hip joint
• Articulates below with tibia and
patella to form the knee joint
Femur
Femur consists of:
• Upper end
• Shaft
• Lower end
Upper end of Femur
Head:
• It articulates with acetabulum of
hip bone to form hip joint
• Has a depression in the centre
(fovea capitis), for the attachment
of ligament of the head
• Obturator artery passes along this
ligament to supply head of femur
Upper end of Femur
Neck:
• It connects head to the shaft
• Greater & lesser trochanters:
• Anteriorly, connecting the 2
trochantersthe inter-trochanteric line,
where the iliofemoral ligament is
attached
• Posteriorly, the inter-trochanteric crest,
on which is the quadrate tubercle
Shaft of Femur
It has 3 surfaces:
• Anterior, Medial and
Lateral
• It has 3 borders: 2
rounded medial and
lateral, and a thick
posterior border or ridge
called linea aspera.
Shaft of Femur
• Anteriorly: is smooth and rounded
• Posteriorly : has a ridge, the linea
aspera
• Posteriorly : below the greater
trochanter is the gluteal tuberosity for
attachment of gluteus maximus muscle
• The medial margin of linea aspera
continues below as medial
supracondylar ridge
• The lateral margin becomes continues
below with the lateral supracondylar
ridge
• A Triangular area, the popliteal surface
lies at the lower end of shaft.
Lower end of Femur
• Has lateral and medial
condyles, separated
anteriorly by articular patellar
surface, and posteriorly by
intercondylar notch or fossa
• The 2 condyles take part in
the knee joint
• Above the condyles are the
medial & lateral epicondyles
Muscle attachments
Muscle attachments
Muscle attachments
Muscle attachments
Muscle attachments
Ossification Centres
• Second long bone to start ossifying
• Primary centre 7th fetal week
• Ossifies from primary centre
• Has 3 secondary centres
Side determination
• Head is directed upward &
medially
• Shaft is smooth and convex
anteriorly
• Shaft is rough and concave
posteriorly
Applied Anatomy
• Spiral fracture of the shaft of the femur (below age of 16 years)
• Bucket handle tear of medial meniscus (between ages 14-40
years)
• Potts fracture of the leg (between ages 40-60 years)
• Fracture neck of femur (over 60 years)
Thank you