Rizal and the Ilustrados

The Filipino Community in Spain

GROUP 11
DAGALEA, Joshua
CHEONG, JR Euric
Rizal and the Ilustrados in Spain

• The Ilustrados worked hard to cotrect racist images drawn by Spaniards about Filipinos.
• They presented their demands for assimilation, good governance, and representation
in the Cortés.
• La solidaridad and founding masonic organizations were the venue for the reforms by
the Ilustrados.
• Rizal later concluded to return to Philippines to initiate change within the country.
• "If it were not for the events of 1872 there would not have a plaridel, or a Jaena, or a
Sanciano or the great and noble Filipiano society in Europe would have been formed. If
not for the events in 1872, Rizal would have been a Jesuit ans instead of writing the
Noli Me Tangere, he would have written the opposite of it. The reign of injustice and
wickedness opened my mind ansd I vowed to myself to someday avenge for the victims
and the aggrieved..."
Rizal and the Ilustrados in Spain

• The patriotism and nationalism of the ilustrados chellenged the monastic authority, the
backbone of the reactionary colonial government.
• Polonged colonization gave birth to a backward society.
• Education was weak because Friars were racist and was afraid of filipinos to be an enemy
of the state.
• Permanent Commission of Censors was present in all the printings and publications,
newspapers and magazines. This affected the intellectual freedom of writer, and
ilustrados campaigned to abolish this.
• Document written by Friars which contained racism toward indios which showed negative
values, sorrow, weakness of Filipinos.
• Rizal founded the Indios Bravos, which uplifted the esteem of Filipinos which showcased
the positive traits and hope for Spaniards to change theur views towards Filipinos.
The Filipino Community in Spain

• Aside from the Ilustrados and Rizal, there were Filipinos who already stayed in Spain
and an important one to remember is Pedro Paterno.
• Pedro Paterno studied philosphy and theology. His house was a venue for the reunion
of prominent persons in letter and politics.
• He aimed to show spaniards that Filipinos are also civilized before the hispanic society.
• Works about Filipinos were published in Madrid. Examples are: (El Cristianismo an la
antigua civilizacion), (La familia tagálo en la historia universal), (El barangay), and
Paterno's novel, (Ninay: Costumbres filipinas)
• Lawyer Gregorio Sanciano y Goson, was well known because of his book El progreso de
Filipinas which was about the dominance and excezzive taxes in the Philippines. It also
talked about how the military had a big budget and the academy's having a lesser
budget.
The Filipino Community in Spain

• Filipinos in spain also come from different regions in the

Philippines, some studied in spain and wrote for La Solidaridad,
some also were in contribution to the publishing of Jose Rizal'
novel and some also were writting and studying about he cultures
of Filipinos.
• Some were known for in field of arts. Manual and Juan Luna y
Novicia are prominent because of the painting of the Spolarium.
Aims of the Propaganda Movement

• The Propaganda Movement was a literary and cultural organization formed in 1872 by
Filipino emigrés who had settled in Europe. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872
and students attending Europe’s universities, the organization aimed to increase
Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines, and to propagate a closer
relationship between the colony and Spain. Its prominent members included José Rizal,
author of Noli Me Tangere (novel) and El Filibusterismo, Graciano López Jaena,
publisher of La Solidaridad, the movement’s principal organ, Mariano Ponce, the
organization’s secretary and Marcelo H. del Pilar.
• Philippines as province of Spain
• Equal right of the Spaniards & the Filipinos
• Representative in Spanish Cortez 4. Secularization & Pilipinasyon
• Human Rights
Aims of the Propaganda Movement

Jose Rizal: Great Thinker

• “Noli Me Tangere”
• “El Filibusterismo
Graciano Lopez Jaena: Great Orator
• “Fray Botod”,
• “Esperanza”
• “La Hija del Fraile”
Marcelo H. del Pilar : Great analyst & journalist
• "Caiigat Cayo".
• "Dasalan at Toksohon"
• "10 Kautusan ng mga Prayle",
Aims of the Propaganda Movement

Members of the Propaganda movement Penname

Jose Rizal: Dimasalang at Laon Laan
Marcelo H. Del Pilar: Plaridel; Dolores Manapat
Mariano Ponce: Naning, Tikbalang At Kalipulako
Jose Ma. Panganiban : Jomapa
Antonio Luna: Taga-ilog
La Soliridad

• La Solidaridad (The Solidarity) was an organization created in Spain on

December 13, 1888. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and
students attending Europe’s universities, the organization aimed to
increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines, and
to propagate a closer relationship between the Philippines and Spain.
• Headed by José Rizal’s cousin, Galicano Apacible, it also issued a
newspaper of the same name which was published in Barcelona, Spain on
February 15, 1889. It was edited by Graciano López Jaena and later on by
Marcelo H. Del Pilar.[2] The social, cultural, and economic conditions of
the colonial Philippines were published in La Solidaridad. Speeches of the
Spanish liberals about the Philippines were also featured in the newspaper.
La Soliridad

Rizal & Del Pilar

The conflict between Del Pilar and Rizal was a major
hindrance in the “community” or “colony,” dividing the Filipinos
into two camps, the Pilaristas (pro-del Pilar) versus the Rizalistas
(pro-Rizal).
There was an election to see who would be the leader of the
filipinos in spain and that was between rizal and del pilar. And
rizal won
La Liga Filipina

1. unite the whole Archipelago into a strong, stable and common

group of citizens.
2. support one another in times of need,
3. put up a defense against all kinds of oppression/violence,
4. revitalize educa-tion, agriculture, and commerce, and
5. study and implement the planned reforms (Agoncillo, 1980:154).
La liga was short-lived.
La Liga Filipina

• La Liga Filipina ( lit. ‘The Philippine League’) was a secret

organization. It was founded by José Rizal in the house of Doroteo
Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila on July 3, 1892. ... The
purpose of La Liga Filipina was to build a new group that sought to
involve the people directly in the reform movement.
• La Liga later disbanded due to differences in principles among its
members. This led to the formation of Cuerpo de Compromisarios
and the Katipunan.
Mi Ultimo Adios

• Rizal was arrested and exiled to Dapitan, Zamboanga, in northwestern Mindanao, where
he stayed for four years. It was in 1896 when Rizal was sentenced to death by firing
squad for the crime of rebellion, sedition, and founding an illegal association. This was
according to the military court that tried him. He was shot in Bagumbayan (now Luneta)
on December 30, 1896 because of his being an ecrivain engagé (committed writer), and
his political ideas which criticized or exposed the graft and corruption in the government.
• The eve before his execution, Rizal wrote his final poem on a single paper revealing his
strong nationalism and unwavering love for his country. The poem consists of 14 five-line
stanzas and was written in Spanish. It was later received by his family hidden inside a
small alcohol stove. Originally, Rizal did not give a title for it and if remained untitled,
by virtue of logic and literary tradition, it would be titled by the words coming from the
first line of the poem itself. But it was later on entitled “Mi Ultimo Adios” by Mariano
Ponce, his friend and fellow reformist.
Mi Ultimo Adios

Importance of the Mi Ultimo Adios:

• This was considered one of the evidences that Rizal did not retracted his beliefs.
• The poem together with Rizal's execution ignited the Philippine Revolution1902,
• the poem was recited before the American House of Representatives.
• The poem revealed the nobility of the author and forever changed how
Americans looked at Filipinos during the American Occupation resulting to the
passing of the Philippine Bill of 1902
• The most translated Philippine poem is Mi Ultimo Adios by Dr Jose Rizal. It is
originally written in Spanish and is translated into 38 other languages.
Juan Luna

• Born in Ilocos Norte

• Became an apprentice officer and travelled to various Asian ports.
• Took painting lessons in when ported in Manila
• Was recognized of his natural talent in painting and was sent to Spain to take advanced
painting lessons
• He was not satisfied of the lessons the school he attends in Barcelona, which made him
took private lessons with Alejo Vera, a famous painter.
• Earned a lot of rewards because of this painting and he painted the Blood Compact and
Spolarium.
• From the fame of winning a gold medal from the Spolarium, Luna was praised by Filipinos
in Spain including Jose Rizal and he also received commissions from the government.
Felix Resureccion Hildago

• Born in Binondo, Manila

• Studied in ADMU and UST
• He was vrry interested in art that he set aside his parent's dreams of taking law
• Won various contest in the philippines and was sent to Spain as a pensionado to study fine
arts
• Was terminated from studies and went to Europe to open a gallery, He starved in the best
artistic tradition but his family was able to sustain him.
• His career grew in Paris which brought him winning awards from vrious art contests.
• Went home to the Philippines in 1913 to visit his ailing mother, went back after six months
taking a train one the trans-siberian railway. He was approaching Paris as a dying man and
eventually died in Barcelona.
• Has a mauseleum which contains his artworks retrieved by his family.