History of

Philippine
Nationalism
Kenn Runel L. Basto
Instructor-in-charge

L M - 1
CF m and Patriotism
ali s
Nation
 Table of contents
Learning Historical Dates, Events,
1 Outcomes 2 Background of 3 and People in
Philippine the Rise of
Nationalism Filipino
Three Nationalism
Leading Other Heroes’
4 Reformists in 5 Philippine 6 Quest for
the 19th Reformists Freedom
Century
 1
Learning
Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, you should be able
to:
1. Understand the nature and development of Philippine nationalism;
2. Analyze the contributory factors that gave birth to Philippine
nationalism;
3. Determine the contribution of the Philippine heroes in understanding
nationalism;
4. Recall and appreciate the birth of Filipino Nationalism;
5. Demonstrate ways of showing Filipino nationalism; and
6. Create a diagram showing the development of Filipino Nationalism.
 2
Historical Background of
Philippine Nationalism
“FREEDOM
IS NOT
FREE”
Historical Background

• Filipino nationalism started in the Philippines in the 1800s

with an upsurge of patriotic feelings and nationalistic
ideals resulting from more than two decades of Spanish
rule. This served as the backbone of and continues to this
day, the first nationalist revolution of 1896.
• These nationalistic feelings have resulted to a
comprehensive campaign in the Philippines for political,
social, and economic liberty.
Historical Background

• The Philippines had been split into various principalities

known as “barangays” in years before the 11th century, a
name originating from the Malayan ships called balangay.
• Datus, Rajahs, or Sultans governed these tiny political
units, and in 1565, when Spanish Explorer Miguel Lopez
de Legazpi arrived from Mexico and established the first
European colonies in Cebu, European colonization
started in earnest.
Historical Background

• Starting with only five ships and five hundred men

accompanied by Augustinian monks and further
strengthened by two-hundred soldiers in 1567, he was
able to repel competing Portuguese colonizers and lay
the foundations for the Spanish colonization of the
Archipelago. The Spanish occupied the Kingdoms of
Manila and Tondo in 1571 and founded Manila as the
Capital of the Spanish east Indies.
The Beginning of the Filipino Nationalism

• Originally, the word “Filipino” originally referred to the

Philippines’ Spanish Criollos. The Spanish leaders
described the natives as Indians/Indio during their 333-
year rule over the Philippines.
• Insulars/Criollos/Creoles - • Spaniards born in the Phil.
• Peninsulars • Spanish-born Spaniards
• Mestizos • Those of Blended
heritage
 3
Important Dates, Events, and People
in the Rise of the Philippine
Nationalism
The Opening of the Philippines to World Commerce

• In 1834, Manila was officially part of World Commerce after

reviewing different economic policies from 1834 – 1873.
• This is the period of the development of agriculture in the
country because foreigners shared their agricultural ideas.
Various ports opened in 1855.
• Consequently, strong financial activity in the colony was
stimulated which made the lives of the Filipinos Prosperous.
Influx of Liberal Ideas
• Suez Canal’s opening shortened the distance between the
Philippines and Spain. This paved the way for liberalism to
enter the nation. Europe brought liberal concepts such as
equality, freedom, and brotherhood. More Spaniards came to
our nation and imparted liberal thoughts to the Philippines like
magazines and books. Colonizers keep the Filipinos tightly
protected.
Secularization Movement
• The transfer of parishes to the Filipino priest from the Spanish
Friars was one of the effects of Europe’s spreading of liberal
ideas.
• There are two types of Priests:
• Regular Priests or Friar Curates
• They belong to specific religious orders like
Dominicans, Jesuits, Augustinians, Franciscans, and
Recollects. Only Spanish priest could be regular
Priest.
Secularization Movement
• The transfer of parishes to the Filipino priest from the Spanish
Friars was one of the effects of Europe’s spreading of liberal
ideas.
• There are two types of Priests:
• Secular Priest or Parish Priest
• These priests were not religious orders and were
under the archbishop’s oversight.
January 20, 1872
• Two hundred Filipino troops and employees, led by Sgt.
Fernando la Madrid, who took control of the Spanish arsenal
in Cavite, mutinied against the Spaniards. Gov. Izquierdo sent
troops forthwith to quench the rebellion. The ring leaders
were murdered and persecuted by La Madrid, ACCUSING
THE GOMBURZA AS THE REBELLION’S MASTERMIND.
• Francisco Zaldua – A Bicolano soldier who testified against
the GomBurZa
• February 18, 1872 – The day of execution of the three priests.
GomBurZa – MaJoHa
FATHER MARIANO GOMEZ
• A Chinese-Filipino, born in Cavite who held the most senior
position of the three Archbishop’s Vicar in Cavite. He was
truly nationalistic and accepted the death penalty calmly.
• ISSUE:
• Participated in secularization but was no longer
active in 1872 and he was already more than 80
years old.
GomBurZa – MaJoHa
FATHER JOSE BURGOS
• A Spanish descent, born in the Philippines. He was 35 years
old and was active and outspoken in advocating the
Filipinization of the clergy. He wrote to defend the seculars
and was known to weep like a child
• ISSUE:
• Involved in the issue of secularization.
GomBurZa – MaJoHa
Father Jacinto Zamora
• A Spanish born in the Philippines. He was the Spanish Priest
of Marikina and was known to be unfriendly abd would not
countenance any arrogance or authoritative behavior. He
once snubbed a Spanish Governor who came to visit
Marikina.
• ISSUE:
• Victim of mistaken identity since the warrant of
arrest was addressed to a certain Jose Zamora, a
known critic of Spanish Government at that time.
Importance of 1872 GomBurZa Execution
• It is considered the beginning of Filipino Nationalism because
the three priests were innocent yet accepted the brutal
punishment for the nation.
• At the death of the three priests, the crowd paid respect when
they removed their hats and knelt down. The bells rang over
the city upon the order of the Archbishop Melito Matinez.
 4
Three Leading Reformists of
the 19 Century
th
Three Leading Reformists
Dr. Jose P. Rizal
• Regarded as the conscience of the movement and the most
prolific writer among Propagandists. His pen names are
Dimansalang and Laong Laan commonly named as the
Father of Philippine Nationalism.
• He wrote the Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not), a novel about
the social reality in the Philippines in the 19th Century.
Three Leading Reformists
Dr. Jose P. Rizal
• On February 1888, he was forced to leave Manila, he went to
Hongkong, Japan, Macau, US, and England causing him to
learn numerous languages.
• On July 3, 1892, he founded the La Liga Filipina in Tondo,
Manila, to foster cooperation among Filipinos, to help each
other in times of needs, and to promote education and
agriculture.
Three Leading Reformists
Dr. Jose P. Rizal
• In 1892 to 1896, Rizal spent his life as an exiled in Dapitan.
He was requested to go to Cuba to serve as a Military Doctor,
but he was arrested for allegedly being connected with
revolution which broke out in the Philippines in 1896.
• He was imprisoned at Fort Santiago for sedition, rebellion,
and illegal association. On December 30, 1896, he was
executed in Bagumbayan (Luneta).
Three Leading Reformists
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
• He was regarded as the greatest journalist of Reform
Movement.
• He was passionate in his campaign against
FRAILOCRACY/FRAILOCRACIA.
• He delivered speeches in baptisms, fiestas, and even in
cockpit arenas to exposed the abuses of the friars and the
injustices his family experienced from them.
Three Leading Reformists
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
• He was a journalist who mastered the use of satire. He was
the co-founder of the first bilingual newspaper in the
Philippines “Diariong Tagalog”.
• He organized the first political group in the Philippines known
as the “Junta de propaganda”. His Pseudonyms are Dolores
Manapat, Piping dilat, V. Garcia, and Plaridel.
• His pen name is Diego Laura and was acclaimed as the
Prince of the Filipino Orators.
Three Leading Reformists
Graciano Lopez Jaena
• His parents encourages him to become a priest however, he
wanted to become a doctor. He left the seminary and enrolled
in the School of Medicine at UST but wasn’t able to finish due
to financial difficulties.
• He started the campaign for freedom in 1874 by writing the
Fray Botod “La hija de fraile” means “Big Bellied Friar”. In
here, he revealed the gluttony, indolence, and greediness of
friars as represented by Fray Botod.
 5
Other Filipino
Reformists
Other Filipino Reformists
Dr. Pedro Paterno
• A doctor of law who wrote the novel entitled
“Ninay”, the first Filipino Novel that shows the
Filipinos developed culture.
Other Filipino Reformists
Andres Bonifacio
• Known to be the “Supremo of Katipunan” was
one of the founders of Katipunan – a secret
society that spearheaded the coordinated
uprisings against the Spaniards and laid the
groundwork for the first Philippine Republic,
Other Filipino Reformists
Andres Bonifacio
• KKK – Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan na
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
• This was founded on July 7, 1892, same day that
news about Rizal’s exile to Dapitan. The KKK
members were divided into Katipon, Kawal, and
Bayani. Each category has its own password and
members undergo blood compact.
Other Filipino Reformists
Andres Bonifacio
• His pseudonym was Agapito Bagumbayan.
He prepared the Decalogue to serve as guide
for Katipuneros “ Katungkulang Gagawin ng
mga Anak ng Bayan” but later adopted the
Kartilla ng Katipunan of Emilio Jacinto.
• Death: May 10, 1897 at Mt. Buntis
Other Filipino Reformists
Emilio Jacinto
• Regarded as the “Brain of the Katipunan”. He joined the
Katipunan in 1894 under the name Pingkian. He wrote the
Krtilla ng Katipunan that served as moral and ethical guide for
Katipuneros.
• He became the editor-in-chief of Kalayaan, an official
newspaper of Katipunan.
 6
Heroes’ Quest
for Freedom
 Isang karangalan ang
ipagtanggol ang ating
inang bayan. Ang
magtagumpay o ang
mamatay”.
-Heneral Antonio Luna
Heroes’ Quest for Freedom
Lapu-Lapu
• He is considered to be the first police who made the first
successful defense of Filipino Freedom. His victory was the
first recorded triumph of Filipino resistance against colonial
power.
• He is the first Filipino to defy the Spanish authorities defeating
Magellan in the battle of Mactan on April 27, 1821.
Heroes’ Quest for Freedom
Francisco Dagohoy
• He is best known for leading the longest revolt in Philippine
history. Having entirely cleared the islands of Spaniards,
Dagohoy triumphantly announced the independence of Bohol.
The island remained independent 85 years after his death.
Heroes’ Quest for Freedom
Apolinario Mabini
• He was a Filipino revolutionary leader, educator, lawyer, and
statesman who served as the first prime minister of the
Philippines, serving first under the Revolutionary Government
and then under the First Philippine Republic.