The Human Circulatory System

Characteristics

 It connects all parts of an

organism in a way that allows
individual cells to thrive as well as
for organisms to function as a unit
 It is an entirely closed system
Functions

 Transport materials needed by cells

– Oxygen
– Glucose
 Remove waste materials from cells
– Carbon dioxide
– urea
Major Components

1. Heart – pumps the blood throughout the

body
2. Blood vessel – carries the blood
throughout the body
a. Arteries – carry oxygenated blood
away from the heart to the cells,
tissues and organs of the body
Major Components

b. Veins – carry oxygenated blood to

the heart
c. Capillaries – site where gases
and nutrients are exchanged
3. Blood – carries the materials throughout
the body
Types of Circulation

1. Pulmonary Circulation – movement of blood

from the heart to the lungs and back to the
heart
Types of Circulation

2. Coronary Circulation – movement of blood

through the tissues of the heart
Types of Circulation

3. Systemic
Circulation –
movement of blood
from the heart to the
rest of the body
excluding the lungs
 Activity 3
Let’s Organize
 video about heart
The Truth
About Your
Heart
The Heart

 Located near the

center of your chest
 Hollow structure
 Composed almost
entirely of muscle
 About the size of
your clenched fist
The Heart

 Enclosed in a
protective sac
called the
pericardium
The Heart

 In the walls of the heart, two layers of

tissue form a sandwich around a thick
layer of muscle called the
myocardium.

 Contractions of the myocardium pump

blood through the circulatory system.
The Heart

 The heart contracts about 72 times per

minute

 Pumps about 70mL of blood with each

contraction.
 The Heart

The right and left sides

of the heart are
separated by a septum,
or wall.

The septum prevents

the mixing of oxygen rich
and oxygen poor blood.
 The Heart

 On each side of the

septum are two chambers.
 The upper chamber
(receives blood) is the
atrium.
 The lower chamber
(pumps blood out of heart)
is the ventricle.
The Heart

 The heart has a

total of 4
chambers:

 2 atriums
 2 ventricles
Pathway of
Blood
 Pathway of
Blood
From lungs

After passing
through the
capillaries of the
lungs, the blood
which is now
oxygenated returns
to the heart in the
pulmonary veins
 Pathway of
Blood

The left atrium

receives blood
from the
pulmonary
vein.
 Pathway of
Blood

Blood passes
through the
mitral valve
into the left
ventricle.
 To rest of body

Pathway of
Blood

Contraction of the left

ventricle pushes blood
through the aortic
semilunar valve into the
aorta. Blood travels to
all regions of the body
where it feeds cells with
oxygen picked up from
the lungs and nutrients
from the digestive tract.
 Pathway of
Blood

Deoxygenated
blood returns
from the rest of
the body through
the superior and
inferior vena
cava.
 Pathway of
Blood

The right
atrium receives
the
deoxygenated
blood.
 Pathway of
Blood

Blood then
enters the right
ventricle
through the
tricuspid valve.
 Pathway of To lungs
Blood

Contraction of the
right ventricle
pushes blood
through the
pulmonary
semilunar valve into
the pulmonary
arteries in which it
travels to the lungs.
Heart Beat
 Heart muscles are
composed of individual
fibers

 Each atrium and ventricle

contracts as a unit.

 Each contraction begins with

a group of cardiac muscle
cells in the right atrium
known as the sinoatrial node
(SA node)
Heart Beat
 Because the SA node paces the heart it is known as
the pacemaker.

 The impulse spreads from the pacemaker to the rest

of the atria.

 From the atria, a signal is sent to the atrioventricular

node and then to a bundle of fibers in the ventricle.

 When the ventricle contracts, blood flows out.

 Output 2
- Explain how the heart works through
illustration
Blood Vessels

 As blood moves
through the circulatory
system it moves
through 3 types of
blood vessels:

 Arteries
 Capillaries
 Veins
Arteries

 Large vessels

 Carry blood from heart to tissues of body

 Carry oxygen rich blood, with the exception of

pulmonary arteries.

 Thick walls-need to withstand pressure produced

when heart pushes blood into them.
Capillaries

 Smallest blood vessels

 Walls are only one cell thick and very narrow.

 Important for bringing nutrients and oxygen

to tissues and absorbing CO2 and other
waste products.
Veins
 Once blood has passed through the capillary systems it must
be returned to the heart.

 Done by veins

 Walls contains connective tissue and smooth muscle.

 Largest veins contain one way valves that keep blood flowing
toward heart.

 Many found near skeletal muscles. When muscles contract,

blood is forced through veins.
Blood Pressure

 The heart produces pressure

 The force of blood on the wall of the arteries

is known as blood pressure.

 Blood pressure decreases as the heart

relaxes, but the rest of the circulatory system
is still under pressure.
Blood Pressure
 When blood pressure is taken, the cuff is wrapped
around the upper portion of the arm and pumped
with air until blood flow in the artery is blocked.

 As the pressure in the cuff is relaxed, 2 numbers are

recorded.
– Systolic pressure- the first number taken, is the force felt in
the arteries when the ventricles contract.

– Diastolic pressure- the second number taken, is the force of

the blood on the arteries when the ventricles relax.
Blood

 Composed of plasma and blood cells

 Types of Cells are:
– Red Blood Cells
– White Blood Cells
– Platelets
 Blood

 Plasma
– Straw colored
– 90% water
– contains carbon dioxide,
glucose, amino acids,
proteins, minerals,
vitamins, hormones,
urea
Blood

 Plasma proteins
– 3 Types: Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen.

– Albumins and Globulins- transport substances

such as fatty acids, hormones and vitamins.

– Fibrinogen- Responsible for blood’s ability to clot

 Blood

 Red Blood Cells

– Most numerous type
– Transport oxygen
– Get color from
hemoglobin
– Disk shaped
– Made in red bone
marrow
– Circulate for 120 days
 Blood

 White Blood Cells

– Guard against infection,
fight parasites, and
attack bacteria
– Number of WBC’s
increases when body is
fighting
– Lymphocytes produce
antibodies which fight
pathogens and
remember them
 Blood

 Platelets
– Aid the body in clotting

– Small fragments

– Stick to edges of broken

blood cell and secrete
clotting factor to help
form clot.
Blood Clotting Problems

 Hemophelia
– Genetic disorder that disrupts clotting

– People must be very careful to avoid injury

– Can be treated by injecting extracts that contain

the missing clotting factor.
Copy and complete the following:

Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The

walls of an artery are made up of _____walls and
elastic fibres. Veins carry blood ________ the
heart and also have valves. The _________ link
arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall.
Blood is made up of four main things: ______, the
liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry
______; White Blood cells to protect the body
from disease and _________ to help blood clot.
 Worksheet 2
– The Circulatory System
Cigarette Smoking Is
Dangerous to Your
Health
 KEY CONCEPTS

 Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ in the

body, causing many illnesses and affecting health
in general. The negative effects of smoking on
circulatory system include increased heart rate and
blood pressure, coronary heart disease,
arteriosclerosis, and vascular diseases. The
respiratory diseases caused by smoking are
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, cough,
colds, tuberculosis, lung cancer, and other
respiratory infections.
What’s the word?
1. What idea is common in each set of
pictures?
2. What are the negative lifestyles that are
depicted in the pictures?
3. How can lifestyle affect the functioning of
the respiratory and circulatory systems?
4. How can these negative lifestyles be
changed?
5. What might happen if a person goes on with
a negative lifestyle such as what was seen in
the picture?
 KEY CONCEPTS

 Several lifestyle choices can affect a

person’s risk for developing respiratory and
circulatory diseases. Negative lifestyle
weakens your system while healthy lifestyle
leads to complete wellness. Vices, stressful
environments, and unhealthy eating habits
can cause various diseases, specifically of
the respiratory and circulatory systems.
 KEY CONCEPTS

 The best way to prevent diseases in the

respiratory and circulatory systems is to have a
healthy lifestyle, which includes balanced diet,
regular exercise, adequate rest, proper
hygiene, and avoiding vices such as cigarette
smoking and alcohol drinking. Circulatory and
respiratory disease can easily be detected with
regular health check-up and physical screening.
Performance Task

 InformationDissemination Activity
Your objective is to present helpful
information to the public about
effective ways of taking care of the
respiratory and circulatory
systems.