Bleaching agents

.The active ingredient in tooth bleaching materials are peroxide compounds

ching materials for extracoronal bleaching mainly contains hydrogen peroxide
and carbamide ,wherease sodium perborate is used for intracoronal bleaching

hydrogen peroideextracoronal-1
carbamide peroxide -extracoronal-2
sodium perborate intracoronal-3
.Hydrogen peroxide-*
Supply :- solution-gel (30%)superoxol
:Available concentrarions
A}high concentrarions 25-30%-in office bleaching
B}low concentrations 3-7% in home bleaching
Properties :- caustic soft tissue on contact
)must be handled with care(
:Carbamide peroxide
Is also know as urea hydrogen peroxide
Supply :- crystallized powder
Available concentrartions : 3-9%H2O2
. Mostly used for extra coronal bleaching
Bleaching preparations containing carbamide
Peroxide usually also include glycerin or propylene glycol
sodium stannate ,phosphoric or citric acid and flavor,
Additives
.Carbopol (water soluble polyacrylic acid polymer)
Is added as a thickening agent , prolongs the release
. Of active peroxide and improves shelf life
Sodium perborate
It contains about 95% perborate ,corresponding to
of the available oxygen 9.9%
NaBO3 +(water or saline - H2O2 +NASCENT O2+NaBO3
. SUPPLY :- powder to be mixed with saline
Properties ;-it is more easily controlled and is
.Safer than concentrated H2O2
Therefore,it should be the material of choice in most
Intracoronal bleaching procedures
Mechanism of action
; The exact mechanisms of tooth bleaching have not yet been fully elucidated
Howerver ,it is generally believed that free radicals produced byH2O2
Diffuse through the enamel and dentin ,react with pigments molecules
. Breaking their double bond
The change in pigment molecule configuration and or size may result in
Changes in their optical properaties ,and consequently ,the perception
Of a lighter color
 -: _:Anthor theory
Hydrogen peroxide act as a strong oxidizing agent through the
Formation of free radicals ,react oxygen molecule and
Hydrogen peroxide anions .these react molecule attack
The long chained ,dark colored chromophore molecule and
Split them into smaller ,less colored ,and more
.Diffusible molecule
properaties of ideal bleaching agents
-: Should
Be easy to u
Be nonacidic or neutrals in p
Lighten the teeh successfully and efficient
Reamin in contact with teeth for relatively shorter periods of ti
Use minimum quantity of hydrogen peroxid
to achieve the desired results
Should not damged tooth structure and surrounding periodontal tissu
Be well controlled by dentist according to patient need