Methods of determination of

BOD and COD

5TH SEMESTER
 BOD (biochemical oxygen demand)

 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) represents the amount of

dissolved oxygen required by bacteria and other microorganisms
for the decomposition of organic matter under aerobic (oxygen is
present) conditions at a certain temperature over a specific period
of time.
 The total amount of oxygen gas present in the water is called the
dissolved oxygen (DO).
 BOD is the reliable gauge of the organic pollution of water
bodies.
 Determination of BOD
 Themost common method for the determination of biological oxygen
demand is incubating the water sample for five days.
 In this method, we take two samples of water and record the level of
dissolved oxygen (DO) immediately for one of the sample..
 Place the second water sample in an incubator in complete darkness
at 20*C for five days.
 After five days, take final DO reading.
 Calculation

 Thedifference between the two dissolves oxygen levels

represents the amount of oxygen required for the
decomposition of any organic material in the sample.
BOD= D1- D2/V

Where D1- initial DO

D2- final DO
V- volume of sample
 COD (Chemical oxygen demand)
 The chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an indicative measure of
the amount of oxygen consumed when the water sample is completely
oxidised.
 Itis commonly expressed in mass of oxygen consumed over volume
of solution which in SI units is milligrams per litre (mg / L).
 COD measures all organic matter and is useful for studying the
pollution strength of domestic and wastewater.
 Calculation
COD is calculated by the formula-

COD= ( B – A) * N / ml sample
Where, B- volume of FAS for the sample
A- volume of FAS used to blank
N- normality of FAS