World War One

Lesson Objectives
• You will be able to
 imagine the state of Europe before WW1
 analyze the effect of strong Germany on the
War.
 analyze the causes that paved the way to war.
 Discussion
- Listen to the song ?
- Write down the cities mentioned in the song?
- What are the different peoples of Egypt?

Nubian , Fellaheen , Bedouins , Seidi, Siwan, Arabs,

-What holds the different peoples of Egypt
together?
- What do they share in common?
 What is a national identity?
• A group with a shared identity
• Religion
• Culture
• Heritage
• Language
 What is a Nation?
1. A large group of people, associated with a particular
territory.
2. A group of people of the same ethnic family, often
speaking the same language and have the same culture.
-3-A nation is a group of people united by a single culture
and set of traditions.
-It is possible for multiple nations to exist within a country.
(example …. Russian federation “ more than 160 ethnic
groups - UK “ England- Wales- Northern Ireland-Scotland”.
- Same nation can live in different countries. (example
….Arabs)
What is the difference between a nation and
a country?
• A country is a nation with its own government,
occupying a particular territory (has borders).
• A country is a self-governing political entity.

• A nation is a large group of people that inhabit a

specific territory and are connected by history,
culture, religion etc…..
 Nationalism
- What is Nationalism?
• Love for ones nation, that varies from pride to hatred of all
other nations
• It is a force that makes one willing to die for his nation
• The belief that each national culture should have state
borders and become a recognized entity.
• Nationalism can be seen as the defense of
the national identity.
 What is Patriotism?
• The feeling of loving your country more than
any others and being proud of it.

• The love that makes one willing to die for his country.
 Disadvantages of Nationalism
• One disadvantage of nationalism, is the hate that can be
directed against outsiders - hate that sometimes
culminates in war.
• It can cause division in societies when one nationality
classes itself as superior to another.
• The most damaging weakness in Nationalism is that
Nationalism may give a certain cultural group a sense of
not belonging to a country.
 Example of the effect of Nationalism

• Yugoslavia was a former country that occupied

a strip of land stretching from present-day
Central Europe to the Balkans. The present-
day recognized countries created from the
former parts of Yugoslavia are: Bosnia &
Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro,
Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo and Slovenia.
Yugoslavia before and after
 Assignment 1
• Give an example and a study of the effect of
the feeling of nationalism in present time
issues.
• -choose one from the following:-
- Catalonia – Spain
- Quebec – Canada
- Pakistan – Kashmir – India
- Kurds – Iraq and Turkey
Your Task
 Task 2
• Read the history of Germany before WW1
then answer the questions:
 The State of Germany in the early 1800s
Summary
• In the 1700s Central Europe was a fragmented area of roughly 300
sovereign, independent states (kingdoms, duchies, principalities, free
cities, etc.). The German states were bound together in a loose
political entity known as the Holy Roman Empire.
• A rivalry developed between the Holy Roman Empire’s two largest
(and strongest) states: the Kingdom of Austria, and the Kingdom of
Prussia.
• Austria was the dominant German state. This influence started to
change in the 1740s when Prussia, strengthened by newly acquired
lands and an enlarged military, began to challenge Austria’s
hegemony.
• In 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, and a German
Confederation was created, a conglomeration of 39 states
German States desire to unite
Unite by Blood & Iron
Otto Von Bismarck
• Prime Minster of
Prussia
 What is the meaning of his speech?

•   The position of Prussia in Germany will not be

determined by its liberalism but by its power ...
Prussia must concentrate its strength and hold
it for the favourable moment, which has
already come and gone several times……..Not
through speeches and majority decisions will
the great questions of the day be decided --
but by iron and blood. 
 Meaning
• On September 30, 1862 Bismarck made his
famous blood and iron speech, which implied
that if Germany was to unify it would be with
the use of military force
 Otto Von Bismarck
“The Iron Chancellor”
• Prince Otto Edward Leopold von Bismarck was the mastermind of
German Unification and was the first chancellor of the united
German nation.
• Bismarck caused Germany to transform from a loose net of 39
states into the strongest industrial nation of Europe.
• A master strategist, Bismarck initiated decisive wars with
Denmark, Austria and France( took from France Alsace and
Lorraine) to unite 39 independent German states under Prussian
leadership.
• The unification of Germany had a tremendous impact on
European balance of powers for the rest of history. Bismarck's
ultimate goal was to unite the German states into a strong
German Empire with Prussia as its core.
Germany Unite under Prussia
Fredrick William I
Ruler of Prussia
On Jan 18, 1871
William I was
proclaimed Kaiser of
united Germany.
Germany 1871
 Your assignment
• Search about the state of Italy in the early 1800s :
1. How many nations were speaking Italian? What
nations were they?
2. What controlled them?
3. Which nations were strong and which one was the
strongest? Why was it the strongest?
4. What was its aim? And Why?
5. Who was responsible for the unification? When
and how did they unite?
 The First World War
• What is the meaning of A
World War?
-A war involving nearly every
nation of the world
• When was the first world war?
-1914 -1918
 What does MANIA stand for?

Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Assassination
 Your Task
• In a group of four :
- Search about every single meaning
- Nations that practiced it.
- Advantages & disadvantages
- Examples
 1. The Alliance System
Alliances
• An alliance is an agreement made between two or
more countries to give each other help if it is
needed. When an alliance is signed, those countries
become known as Allies. A number of alliances had
been signed by countries between the years 1879
and 1914.
• Alliance system - <KEY REASON>
– European powers formed rival alliances to
protect themselves
– Is forming Alliances a PROBLEM?
 Why is it a Problem?
• The Alliances meant that One event could
drag all countries involved into a conflict.
• These were an important factor of war,
because they meant that some countries had
no option but to declare war if one of their
allies declared war first.
 1. The Alliance System
Triple
Triple Entente:
Entente: Triple
Triple Alliance:
Alliance:

1 4

2 5

3
6

Assign every country to its flag?

Germany France Austria-Hungary Britain Italy Russia
The Triple Alliance
The Triple Entente
 Alliances and Strategies
The goals of each of the alliance members
• Britain – maintain continental balance and
UK sea superiority
• France – confine Germany.
• Russia – expand if possible
• Germany – solidify German-speaking
peoples.
• Austria – to be protected from Russia
• Italy – try to solidify their own territory and
colonies
• Ottoman Turks – survive
 2. Imperialist Competition
• Imperialism occurs when a strong nation takes
over a weaker nation or region and dominates
its economic, political, or cultural life.
• This type of foreign policy was practiced by
Britain and France. Then Germany joined in
the game a little later.

**Note the difference of the number of colonies

between Britain and France on one hand and
Germany on the other hand.
Colonies of the Europeans
Germany
England

France
 3. Militarism – building up military
• Militarism is a rise in military expenditure, and
an increase in military and naval forces.
• It is also the preference for usage of force as a
solution to problems.
• The armies of both France and Germany had
more than doubled between 1870 and 1914
• There was fierce competition between Britain
and Germany for mastery of the seas.
 What is the Dreadnought?
• Research the dreadnaught and write a
description of it? (write 10 points)
 The Arms Race -The Dreadnought
• It was developed by Admiral John Fisher
• It was built in December 1906.
• It was the most heavily-armed ship in history.
She had ten 12-inch guns (305 mm), whereas
the previous record was four 12-inch guns.
• She carried crew of 800 men.
• The guns were more accurate at long-distance
fire.
• It had five torpedo tubes below water.
• It was the first major warship driven solely by
steam turbines.
• It was also faster than any other warship and
could reach speeds of 21 knots.(160.1 meters)
• By 1914 the British Navy had nineteen
Dreadnoughts, and Germany had thirteen.
 4- Nationalism
- What is Nationalism?
• Love for ones nation, that varies from pride to
hatred of all other nations
• It is a force that makes one willing to die for his
nation
• The belief that each national culture should have
state borders and become a recognized entity.
 Nationalism

• Large areas of both Austria-Hungary and Serbia

were home to different nationalist groups, all
of whom wanted freedom from the states in
which they lived.

• But in a more general way, the nationalism of

the various countries throughout Europe
contributed not only to the beginning but the
extension of the war in Europe. Each country
tried to prove their dominance and power.
YOUR TASK 10
minutes
Draw five circles
on a piece of
paper and write
in each circle a MANIA
definition in
your own words
to MANIA
 Balkan Crisis and Nationalism
• It all started in the Balkan Area
• Why were the Balkans a Problem Area before
1914?
 WHY?
• The Slavic peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina
had the desire not to be part of Austria-
Hungary Empire and instead be part of Serbia.
In this way, nationalism led directly to the War.
 Where is the Balkan
• A Peninsula in southeastern
Europe surrounded by the
Adriatic Sea to the west, the
Mediterranean Sea to the south
and the Black Sea to the east.
• Countries which are located
within the Balkan peninsula are:
Albania , Bosnia and
Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Greece,
Kosovo, Macedonia,
Montenegro , Croatia , Serbia,
 Slovenia, Romania
 The Name: Balkan
• The region takes its name
from the Balkan
Mountains, which run
through the centre of
Bulgaria
• "Balkan" comes from a
Turkish word meaning "a
chain of wooded
mountains".
 The Austria- Hungary Empire
• Austria – Hungary was a
Dual Monarchy.
• The two capitals of the
Monarch were Vienna
for Austria and
Budapest for Hungary.
 History of the Balkan Area
1- 1815 to 1839:
The Ottoman Empire,
predominant in the Balkans,
controlled Serbia and Bosnia
and Herzegovina at its
northern fringes
2- 1914:
The Turks were driven from
most of the Balkans in the
19th century and were
replaced by Austro-
Hungarian Empire.
 History of the Balkan Area
3- Serbia got its independence
with the support of Russia .
4- The Serbs believed that their
mission was to unite the
south Slavs to form one
country. :- (Serbs, Bosnians,
Croats and Slovenes)
5 - Bosnia & Herzegovina
wanted to be part of Serbia.
6 - While Germany threatened
Russia to accept Austria-
Hungary’s rule over Bosnia
Later Became Yugoslavia
The Spark
The

“Spark”
 Your task
• Watch the Video ….
 5.The Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Who?
• The Archduke Francis
Ferdinand of Austria
was the heir Hungarian
Empire.
• and his wife Sophie
visited Sarajevo
(Bosnia's capital).
 What happened on 28 June 1914?

On a bright summer’s day, 28 June 1914, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife
Sophie, heirs to one of the wealthiest empires in Europe got into their car and drove
through the elegant streets of Sarajevo Capital of Bosnia. The couple were extremely
happy that day – it was their wedding anniversary.
 The Assassination: Sarajevo
Artist’s
impression of the
moment when
Gavrilo Princip
stepped forward
to the car and
shot the
Archduke in the
neck, and Sophie
in the stomach.
Gavrilo Princip Caught
Both died within minutes from their wounds. Two
bullets were about to lead to the deaths of a further 20
million men!

Archduke’s bloodstained jacket Gavrilo Princip, Serbian terrorist

  Your task ….1
• Produce a newspaper front page on the death
of Franz Ferdinand. Your article should include
details of the assassination and some reasons
for the assassination.
• Put a picture for Franz Ferdinand
  Your task …….2

In an essay, from your own

perspective analyze the
causes of WWI, then select
which you think was the
most significant
cause of the war, presenting
your perspectives to your
classmates with a historian's
eye.