Ice Storage System

Group 1
Total electricity sales
Total electricity sales and Annual growth rate (%)
600 16

14
500
12
400
10
TWh

300 8

%
6
200
4
100
2

0 0
2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2025 2030

Source: EVN and MOIT

Total electricity sales Annual growth rate (%)
Electricity prices

Electricity prices in Vietnam 2009-2019

2000 25

1800

1600 20

1400

1200 15

1000

800 10

600

400 5

200

0 0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Electricity price(VND/kWh) Increase(%)

Viettel’s printing factory
 Choosing solutions
Industrial air conditioning
Project Central air conditioning Central air conditioning
Packeged
VRV/VRF Water Chiller

An indoor system One indoor system  Indirect air conditioning 

Solution description
combining a large capacity combines multiple small  system, production of cold 
 indoor system/cluster air  capacity indoors water for air cooling
conditioner
Control temperature, 
Control the Control temperature Control temperature
humidity
temperature/humidity

Medium area spaces, no  The space of the baby  Large stable cold loading

Conformity 
high noise requirements room, cold loads change  areas, large areas
constantly

Restaurants, production  High-rise buildings, offices, High-rise buildings,

Application
workshops, halls, theaters.. hotels, apartments offices, production facilities,
hotels

Electric used Average Highest Lowest

Investment costs Lowest Highest Average
 Energy
 saving
for Wat s olutions
er Chill
er ?
Ice Storage Chiller System

• The chillers store ice

during downsy hours
in order to supply
the cooling
requirement during
daytime operation.
• Reduced on-peak
energy usage shifted
to less-expensive
off-peak energy
rates.
 Other chiller systems only run in the
daytime, resulting in electrical
overload and wasteful energy
because they cannot take
advantage of cheap electricity at
night.

At night,Ice storage chiller

systems store energy in
the form of ice.
In the daytime , the
chillers stop working, the
ice storage tank provides
the cold load for the
buildings
CHARGE
At night the chiller is used to store cooling energy in
ice storage tank. The heat transfer fluid is cooled by
the chiller to temperatures below the phase change
temperature of the PCM. Circulating this fluid through
the tank causes the crystallisation of the PCM
contained in the nodules. The energy is stored at
constant temperature as latent heat during the liquid-
solid transition
DISCHARGE ONLY
The ice storage tank can be used during peak hour
or for back-up applications (the chiller being off).
The heat transfer fluid enters ice storage tank at a
temperature higher than the PCM fusion
temperature and is cooled by the nodules. The
leaving temperature is controlled by the three way
valve to match the system demand
STORE ENERGY?
TO REDUCE: TO INCREASE:


Chiller size and capacity: 30-70% Cooling capacity of the system


Refrigerant charge Energy efficiency of the chiller

Capacity heat waste equipment Electric load softening

Electric used Energy management capabilities

Machine room space Lifetime of the system

Chiller short cycling COP and system reliability

System operating costs Control system

System maintenance costs
STORE ENERGY?

TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT:

✔ To reduce CO emissions
2

✔ Reducing electrical consumption during

peak hours
✔ Increasing power plant efficiency due to
the shift of electricity from on peak to off
peak periods
(saving of primary energy)
✔ better energy management
(savings up to 15%)
 The Calculation

• The usable area of ​the building is 10.000 m2. According to ahshare standard
handbook Cooling capacity for 1m2 of area is 0.2 kW.
• Refrigeration capacity is necessary: Q=10.000.0,2=2000 (kW)
• Selecting the chiller for the project:
With the cooling capacity of 2000 kW. We choose two water chillers model
30HT320.
• Ice storage chiller systems have an additional cost of 30% of that of conventional
chiller systems. The investment costs for the ice storage system is:
T= 865.000+865.000.0,3= 1.124.500 (USD)
Hourly electricity pricectricity price
TT Group of customers Electricity price (USD/kWh)
Voltage level from 110kV and above

a) Normal hours 0,068 USD

1.1
b) Downsy hours 0,041 USD

c) Peak hours 0,12 USD

Voltage level from 22kV to below 110kV

a) Normal hours 0,0676 USD

1.2 b) Downsy hours 0,0438 USD

c) Peak hours 0,1258 USD

Voltage levels from 6kV to below 22kV

a) Normal hours 0,07 USD

1.3
b) Downsy hours 0,0454 USD

c) Peak hours 0,1289 USD

Voltage level below 6kV

a) Normal hours 0,0733 USD

1.4 b) Downsy hours 0,0478 USD

c) Peak hours 0,1337 USD

 Operating costs

• The ice storage systems run from 8:00 pm to 6:00 am. The operating costs of systems
for a day is: T1= 2. 380. 0,0478.10=363.3 (USD)
• Conventional chiller systems operate from 7:00 am to 17:00 pm. The operating costs
of chillers for a day is:
T2= 2.380. 7. 0,0733+ 2x.380. 3. 0,1337=694,8 (USD)
• We can see that the ice storage chiller systems has less operating cost than the normal
chiller systems. By computation, the time to balance the investment and operating cost
of the system is: 865.000+694,8.x = 1.124.500+363,3.x
 x= 783 day
 Assumes building with daytime peak

450

400 389.96
363.3
350
304.84
USD

300

250

200

150

100

50

0 0 0
0
Nighttime Costs Daytime Costs

Peak hours Downsy hours Normal hours

  

Conventional A/C System Energy Storage

Chillers $300.000 $300.000

Ice storage $0 $259.500

Pipe & pump $150.000 $150.000

Air Distribution $415000 $415.000

TOTAL COST $865.000 $1.124.500

Operating electricity costs $694,8/day $363,3/day

Cost balance time 783 day 783 day

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