Fire Prevention and Fire

Fighting
Nature of fire
Competence:
 Prevent, Control and Fight Fires on board
KUP:
Fire prevention and fire-fighting
 Knowledge of classes and chemistry of fire
Intended learning outcome:

1. Identify the elements of fire

2. Identify the conditions for fire to
occur and to cease
 Fire
 Light and heat,
especially the
flame produced
by burning.
 Fire Tetrahedron
Tetrahedron
• Triangular pyramid.
• Composed of 4
triangular faces.
 Elements of Fire
 Fuel (Combustible)
 Oxygen
 Heat (Energy transferred from one body to another as
the result of temperature difference)
 Chain reaction (A series of events, each caused by
the previous one)
 Definition of terms
 Explosive limits
 Is the limiting concentration (on air) that is needed
for the gas to ignite and explode.

 Flash point
 The lowest temperature at which it can form an
ignitable mixture with air.
 Definition of terms

 Auto-ignition
 Is the lowest temperature at which a chemical will
spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere,
without an external source of ignition.
 Definition of terms

 Exothermic reaction
 Is the process of releasing heat, causing the
temperature of the immediate surrounding to rise.
 Conditions required for fire to occur
and to cease

1. Combustion
 Is a chemical process, an exothermic reaction
between a substance (fuel), source of ignition
(heat) and gas (oxidizer)(oxygen), to release heat.
 Conditions required for fire to occur
and to cease

2. Positive Heat Balance

 Heat is transferred from the fire to the unburned
fuel.

3. Negative Heat Balance

 Heat is dissipated faster than it is generated
 Q and A
1. Identify one of the elements of fire.
 Fuel, Oxygen, Heat and Chain Reaction.

2. Identify one of the conditions required

for fire to occur and to cease.
 Combustion, Positive heat balance, and
Negative heat balance
“People who fight fire with
fire usually end up with
ashes.”
 Pauline Phillips