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Adc F09
Adc F09
In presenting Order:
Josh Navikonis
Moiz H
Mike Hochman
Brian Post
ME 6405
9/29/2009
Agenda
Introduction to ADC
Types of ADC
Characteristics of ADC in MC9S12C
Application and Selection of ADC
Introduction of ADC
What is ADC?
Why is ADC important?
How does it work?
What is ADC?
ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) is an electronic device that
converts a continuous analog input signal to discrete digital numbers
(binary)
Analog
Real world signals that contain noise
Continuous in time
Digital
Discrete in time and value
Binary digits that contain values 0 or 1
Why is ADC Important?
2 Stages:
Sampling
Sample-Hold Circuit
Aliasing
Resolution
Binary
output
Sampling
Simple Sample and Hold Circuit Response of Sample and Hold Circuit
Sampling
Sampling rate depends on clock
frequency
Use Nyquist Criterion
Increasing sampling rate increases
accuracy of conversion
Possibility of aliasing
Sampling Signal: Tw
1
Sampling Period: Ts f
s
Resolution
Resolution
Increase in resolution improves the accuracy of the conversion
Encoder
Comparator
FLASH A/D CONVERTER
Resolution
23-1 = 7 Comparators
Pros Cons
• Fastest (in the • Each additional bit
order of nano of resolution
seconds) requires twice the
• Simple number of
operational comparators
theory •Expensive
• Speed is limited • Prone to produce
only by gate and glitches in the
comparator output
propagation delay
Elements of Dual-Slope ADC
Integrator
Dual-Slope ADC
*
Elements of the Successive Approximation ADC
Show the timing waveforms that would occur in SAR ADC when converting an
analog voltage of 6.84V to 8-bit binary, assume that the full scale input voltage
of the DAC is 10V.
Vin = 6.84 V
Vref = 10 V
5
7.5
7.5
6.25
6.25 Cumulative
DAC Input DAC Vout Voltage
6.875 D7 5.0000 5.0000
D6 2.5000 7.5000
6.5625
6.5625 D5 1.2500 8.7500
D4 0.6250 9.3750
6.71875
D3 0.3125 9.6875
6.796875
6.796875 D2 0.15625 9.84375
D1 0.078125 9.921875
6.8359375
6.8359375 D0 0.0390625 9.9609375
6.84 V
Dual Slope A/D Converter Contd.
Pros Cons
• High accuracy • Slow
• Fewer adverse • Accuracy is
affects from noise dependent on the
use of precision
external
components
Delta-Sigma ADC
Delta-Sigma ADC contd.
#1 Delta-Sigma Modulator
Delta-Sigma ADC contd.
#2 Digital Filter
Decimator
Sigma-Delta A/D Converter Contd.
Pros Cons
•High Resolution • Slow due to over
•No need of sampling
precision • Good for low
components bandwidth
ADC Comparison
Presented by:
Michael Hochman
MC9S12C32 Block Diagram
ATD10B8C Block Diagram
ATD10B8C Key Features
Resolution
8/10 bit (manually chosen)
Conversion Time
7 usec, 10 bit
Successive Approximation ADC architecture
8-channel multiplexed inputs
External trigger control
Conversion modes
Single or continuous sampling
Single or multiple channels
ATD10B8C External Pins
12 external pins
AN6/PAD6 – AN0/PAD0
Analog input
General purpose digital I/O
VRH, VRL
High and low reference voltages for ADC
VDDA, VSSA
Power supplies for analog circuitry
ATD10B8C Registers
0010
1011
0101
0011
1001
0101
0010
1010
Controller
t t ∆t ∆t
e*(∆t) u*(∆t)
R + e S/H Digital D/A u Y
& CPU & Plant
- ADC Controller Hold
Clock
Transducer
The Old Way…. Analog
Computers
Comdyna GP6
The New Way
e*(∆t) u*(∆t)
e e*
0010
1011
0101
0011
1001
0101
0010
1010
Controller
t t ∆t ∆t
Analog
Analog
Output
Input
ADC D/A
Programmable Logic Controllers
Why Digital?
Digital signals can be easily
manipulated
Digital phones convert your voice
into binary information and then
compress it
This compression allows between
three and 10 digital calls to occupy
the space of a single analog call.
The analog-to-digital and digital-
to-analog conversion chips translate
the outgoing audio signal from
analog to digital and the incoming
signal from digital back to analog
Audio Devices
TV Tuners
Analog video and audio
signals are converted to
digital signals for display
to user
Slingbox converts analog
input stream and
rebroadcasts it across the
internet in digital form
CCDs use ADCs to
process image data
Selection of an ADC
Important Considerations:
Input Type – Differential or Single Ended
Resolution - Most Important
Scaling - allows the user to divide or multiply the input voltage
to more closely match the full scale range of the ADC
Sample Rate - The sample rate must be at least twice the
frequency the you are measuring, but 5 times is much better
Channel Scan Rate - The channel scan rate is the maximum rate
that the ADC can select a new channel and make a measurement.
many ADCs have a relatively slow scan rate (when compared to
the sample rate.)
Eg. To achieve a sample rate of 600Hz on three channels, you will
need a channel scan rate of at least 1.8kHz
Example: Selecting an ADC
We want to digitize a vibration signal measured by
an accelerometer with the following characteristics
(PCB 301A10):
Sensitivity: (±2.0%) 100 mV/g
Measurement Range: ±50 g pk
Frequency Range: (±5%) 0.5 to 10000 Hz
Select a satisfactory Analog to Digital Converter….
Example Continued
Desired Signal:
Sensitivity: (±2.0%) 100 mV/g
Measurement Range: ±50 g pk
Solution
Frequency Range: (±5%) 0.5 to 10000 Hz
10
Vrange ln( 1)
Resolution: resolution n
2 1
n 0.1
ln(2)
6.66 bit 8 bit