Feminism

Present – day Feminist

Criticisms
Assumptions
Methodology
Present – day Feminist Criticisms
Some scholars
categorize feminist
criticism into four
groups:
• Anglo – American Feminisms
• Poststructuralist Feminisms
• Materialist Feminisms
• Postmodern Feminisms
Present – day Feminist Criticisms
Some scholars
categorize feminist
criticism into four
groups:
• Anglo – American Feminisms
Present – day Feminist Criticisms
Some scholars
categorize feminist
criticism into four
groups:
• Poststructuralist Feminisms
Present – day Feminist Criticisms
Some scholars
categorize feminist
criticism into four
groups:
• Materialist Feminisms
Present – day Feminist Criticisms
Some scholars
categorize feminist
criticism into four
groups:
• Postmodern Feminisms
Present – day Feminist Criticisms

Feminist Criticism
Subcategories
• Amazon feminism
• Cultural feminism
• Ecofeminism
• Separatism
• Postcolonial feminism
 Present – day Feminist Criticisms
Feminist Criticism
Subcategories
• Amazon feminism
Dedicated to female images – either fictional or real – in
literature and art that emphasize that physiques of
female athletes and physical equality both males and
females.
 Present – day Feminist Criticisms
Feminist Criticism
Subcategories
• Cultural feminism
Asserts that personality and biological differences
exist between men and women
Women are “kinder and gentler”
 Present – day Feminist Criticisms
Feminist Criticism
Subcategories
• Ecofeminism
Eco – feminism
Assumes that patriarchal societies are relatively new
and that society’s original condition was matriarchal.
 Present – day Feminist Criticisms
Feminist Criticism
Subcategories
• Separatist feminism
Assume that women must first see themselves in a
different context – separating themselves from men, at
least for a while – before they can discover who are they
as individual.
 Present – day Feminist Criticisms
Feminist Criticism
Subcategories
• Postcolonial feminism
Third – world feminism
Rejects phallocentric, patriarchal system established by
white males and recognizes that it is engaged in a
political and social struggle against male dominance.
 Assumptions
• Women are oppressed by patriarchy
economically, politically, socially, and
psychologically
• In every domain where patriarchy reigns,
woman is other
• All of western civilization is deeply rooted in
patriarchal ideology
• All feminist activity, including feminist theory
and literary criticism, has as its ultimate goal to
change the world by prompting gender equality
 Methodology
• Some feminist critics debunk male superiority by
exposing stereotypes of women in all literary period.
• Other feminist critics rereads canonical works of
male authors from female point of view.
• Some feminist critics use the methodologies of
philosophy and psychoanalysis to overturn
patriarchy with its accompanying phallocentrism.
• Critics such as Monique Wittig and Helene Cixous
propose a completely new, nonphallocentric
discourse.
• Lesbianization of language (Monique
Wittig)
- Process of experimenting and hoping to eliminate
pronouns or nouns that reflect gender.
L’ecriture feminine (Helene Cixous )
- Creation of female language
- Refers to a uniquely feminine style of
writing characterised by disruptions in
the text, such as gaps, silences, puns,
new images and so on.
Motherhood by Taslima Nasrin
(translated by Tapati Gupta)
References:
• https://literariness.org/2016/06/05/anglo-american-and-french-
feminisms/
• https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/encyc-of-case-study-
research/n262.xml
• https://www.slideshare.net/jordanlachance/ewrt-1-c-class-10-
47459455
• https://www.rte.ie/brainstorm/2020/0219/1116323-ecofeminism/
• https://www.academia.edu/34852111/WRITTEN_REPORT_IN_21_ST_
CENTURY_LITERATURE_FROM_THE_PHILIPPINES_AND_THE_W
ORLD_Module_12_EXPLORING_SOUTH_ASIA_AND_WESTERN_AS
IA
• Literary Criticism An Introduction to Theory and Paractice.pdf 5th
Edition