ELEMENT,ATOMS AND

COMPOUNDS
MATTER
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Elements -It is a substance made • Atom - smallest units of an
up of only one kind of an atom. element that maintains the
• Compound - It is a substance elements properties.
made up of two more different
kinds of atoms chemically
combined.
• molecule - two or more atoms of
same or different kinds bonded
together chemically.
dalton’s atomic model
• The theory was first stated in
1803 by John Dalton.
• It has the following asumptions:
Elements consist of invisible small
particles(atoms).
All atoms of the same element are
identical, different elements have
different types of atom.
Atoms can neither be created nor
destroyed.
structure of the atom
• The atom is made of: sub atomic charge
particle
• Energy level/shell/orbit
electron negative(-)
• electrons which are negatively
charged proton positve(+)
• Nucleus containing protons -
nuetron Neutral
positively charged and neutrons
which are neutral.
PERIODIC TABLE
• The periodic table is used to
arrange elements from the
lowest atomic number to the
highest.
• The element are arranged in
groups and periods.
• Groups - are vertical
arrangements of elements as per
the electrons on the outer most
shell.
• Period - horizontal arrangement
of elements as per the number
of shells.
THE PERIODIC TABLE
• From the periodic table above, Identify the metal and non-metals.

• Which of the two are many?

metals
• Group (I) • Group (III)
• Lithium -Li • Alluminium - Al
• sodium -Na
• Potassium -K
• Group (II)
• Beryllium - Be
• Magnesium- Mg
properties/characteristics of metals
• Conduct electricity - Metals are
good conductors of electricity
hence used to make electric
wires.
• Ductile - can be rolled into wires.
• Malleable - can be hammered
into sheets.
COMPOSITION OF AIR
COMPOISITION OF AIR
• Air is a mixture of gases and
other substances.
inertdioxide
carbon gases

• Nitrogen - 78%
0%
1%
oxygen
21%

• oxygen - 21%
• carbon dioxide - 0.04%
• Inert gases(argon) -0.9% Nitrogen
78%

• Water vapor - variable

• Dust - variable
ACTIVE PART OF AIR
• The active part of air is oxygen
which supports
combustion/burning.
• Using a candle we can
investigate the percentage of the
active part.
• Dilute sodium hydroxide is used
instead of water to absorb the
carbon dioxide produced.
calculating % of oxygen in the air Test for Oxygen and carbon dioxide

• % of Oxygen = initial volume - • Test for oxygen.

final volume • Using a glowing splint - it
divide by initial volume multiplied relights.
by 100. • Test for carbon dioxide.
• Using lime water (calcium
hydroxide) - forms white
precipitate.
•THE END