UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

Master of Computer Applications (MCA)

Advance Database Management System

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 Types of DBMS/ Data Model

Hierarchical: In a Hierarchical database model, data is organized in a tree-like structure. Data is Stored
Hierarchically (top down or bottom up) format. Data is represented using a parent-child relationship. In
Hierarchical DBMS parent may have many children, but children have only one parent.

Network: The network database model allows each child to have multiple parents. It helps you to address
the need to model more complex relationships like as the orders/parts many-to-many relationship. In this
model, entities are organized in a graph which can be accessed through several paths.
• Relational: Relational DBMS is the most widely used DBMS model because it is one of the easiest.
This model is based on normalizing data in the rows and columns of the tables. Relational model
stored in fixed structures and manipulated using SQL.

• Object Oriented: In Object-oriented Model data stored in the form of objects. The structure which
is called classes which display data within it. It defines a database as a collection of objects which
stores both data member values and operations.
 Advantages of DBMS
· DBMS offers a variety of techniques to store & retrieve data

· DBMS serves as an efficient handler to balance the needs of multiple applications using the same data

· Uniform administration procedures for data

· Application programmers never exposed to details of data representation and storage.

· A DBMS uses various powerful functions to store and retrieve data efficiently.

· Offers Data Integrity and Security

· The DBMS implies integrity constraints to get a high level of protection against prohibited access to data.

· A DBMS schedules concurrent access to the data in such a manner that only one user can access the same data at a
time

· Reduced Application Development Time

 Disadvantages of DBMS

DBMS may offer plenty of advantages but, it has certain flaws-

· Cost of Hardware and Software of a DBMS is quite high which increases the budget of your organization.

· Most database management systems are often complex systems, so the training for users to use the DBMS is
required.

· In some organizations, all data is integrated into a single database which can be damaged because of electric
failure or database is corrupted on the storage media

· Use of the same program at a time by many users sometimes leads to the loss of some data.

· DBMS can't perform sophisticated calculations

Factors affecting selection of DBMS
software:
• Data model: To decide on which model works best for you, you should ask yourself: Do you have a data
structure which you can easily reflect in a relational model or do you need to work with unstructured
data? How do you retrieve and work with the data? For example, analysis of hierarchical data in
sequential files is faster in a NoSQL database then in a relational one. Since relational databases have a
long history, you find a lot of commercial RDBMS (relational DBMS), whereas NoSQL databases are often
available as open source.

• Data Consistency: Nowadays, collecting data is not a big effort any more. But, keeping the data consistent
becomes even more important as more sources feed into the database. Therefore, consistency rules are
very important and the ability to define these should be considered when choosing a new DBMS.

• Data security: For most companies, data availability is a key business success factor and should be
guaranteed at all times. The ability to backup and restore the databases is essential and needs to be
possible with your chosen DBMS. IT Administrators should setup a framework and a management plan
for data security and ensure as little downtime as possible.
• Data Protection: Access protection and encryption should allow protection of personal data.
Every DBMS provide different methods of protect the data through encryption, but the
possibility to define routines and access rights is different for every system. The method of
data protection depends on the structure of data and should be carefully considered during
the evaluation process of a DBMS.

• Multi Access and Integration: Setting up a DBMS, running it and extending it for future
growth, requires enough flexibility to allow integration into the given IT infrastructure.
Furthermore, the DBMS needs to allow concurrent accesses by multiple users.
Synchronization and integration with other tools are essential for smooth workflows.

• Efficiency: When we talk about the efficiency of DBMS, we usually mean the response time.
You will find on premise and cloud solutions available on the market. Depending on your
own IT infrastructure, a cloud based solution can have certain disadvantages, as you rely on
network services and latencies of network providers. On the other side, cloud computing can
provide more and better resources compared to your on premise infrastructure, as efficiency
is also related to scalability. Make sure your DBMS of choice can scale to your needs.
• Usability: Different user groups will be working with the DBMS. There are the
administrators, IT and Database admins, application integrators and data
consumers. All these different roles need an easily understandable query
language and intuitive UI to use the DBMS system efficiently. The easier it is
for the user to work with the DBMS, the lower the cost will be for people.

• Implementation and service costs: The modifiability and availability of

support and documentation needs to be taken into consideration as part of
the implementation and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). Development needs
must always be included, as Database Management Systems need to be
shaped to the individual company’s need. A clear overview of these needs
and costs will help to choose the right tool. Vendor or community support as
well as comprehensive documentation will save you time and money.
 References
1. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-dbms-database-management-system-set-1/

2. http://www.myreadingroom.co.in/notes-and-studymaterial/65-dbms/506-database-development-
life-cycle.html
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