ART HISTORY

TIMELINE
 Introduction to Art Timeline

Art has its own timeline and this shows how

art evolves through years. Since these early
examples, a large art movements have
followed. Each of them have different styles
and characteristic that reflect social and
political influence.

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Hello!
I am Sheryl Joanne Vasquez
I am here to present the evolution
of Art Movement

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Let’s start!!!
“ PREHISTORIC (40,000 - 4,000
B.C) art refers artifacts made before there was
•Prehistoric
a written record. Long before the oldest written
languages were developed, people had become
expert at creating forms that were both practical and
beautiful. The earliest art comes from the Paleolithic
era (the Old Stone Age), but it was in the Neolithic
era that we see the most important developments in
human history.

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 Jericho Skull, British Museum

Bannerstones, Dr.
Anna Blume

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 Ancient 30,000 B.C - A.D 400
Religious and symbolic imagery, decorations for utilitarian objects, mythological stories

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 La Ferrassie Cave
Petroglyphs

Venus of
Hohle Fels

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Medieval or Middle Ages
(A.D 500 - A.D 400)
The history of medieval art is expansive and covers a wide range of
centuries and genres. Medieval art was prominent in European regions,
the Middle East and North Africa, and some of the most precious
examples of art from the Middle Ages can be found in churches,
cathedrals, and other religious doctrines. Also prominent was the use of
valuable materials such as gold for objects in churches, personal jewelry,
backgrounds for mosaics, and applied as gold leaf in manuscripts.
Though the Middle Ages neither begin nor end neatly at any particular
date, art historians generally classify medieval art into the following
periods: Early Medieval Art, Romanesque Art, and Gothic Art.

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Hagia sophia

Codex aureus of St.

Emmeram

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 Renaissance (1400-1600)
The Renaissance refers to the era in Europe from the 14th to the 16th century in which a new style in painting, sculpture and architecture
developed after the Gothic. Although a religious view of the world continued to play an important role in the lives of Europeans, a growing
awareness of the natural world, the individual and collective humanity’s worldly existence characterize the Renaissance period. Derived
from the French word, renaissance, and the Italian word rinascità, both meaning ‘rebirth’, the Renaissance was a period when scholars and
artists began to investigate what they believed to be a revival of classical learning, literature and art. For example, the followers of the 14th-
century author Petrarch began to study texts from Greece and Rome for their moral content and literary style. Having its roots in the
medieval university, this study called Humanism centered on rhetoric, literature, history and moral philosophy.

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 Creation of Adam
by MichealAngelo

Virtruvian Man
By Leonardo Da
Vinci
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 Mannerism (1527-1580)
In fine art, the term "Mannerism" (derived from the Italian
word 'maniera' meaning style or stylishness) refers to a style
of painting, sculpture and (to a lesser extent) architecture, that
emerged in Rome and Florence between 1510 and 1520,
during the later years of the High Renaissance. Mannerism
acts as a bridge between the idealized style of Renaissance art
and the dramatic theatricality of the Baroque.

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Perseus with the Head Madonna with
of Medusa the Long Neck
By Benvenuto Cellini Painting by
Parmigianino

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 Baroque (1600 - 1750)
the term Baroque (derived from the Portuguese 'barocco' meaning, 'irregular
pearl or stone') describes a fairly complex idiom, originating in Rome, which
flowered during the period c.1590-1720, and which embraced painting, and
sculpture as well as architecture. After the idealism of the Renaissance
(c.1400-1530), and the slightly 'forced' nature of Mannerism (c.1530-1600),
Baroque art above all reflected the religious tensions of the age - notably the
desire of the Catholic Church in Rome (as annunciated at the Council of
Trent, 1545-63) to reassert itself in the wake of the Protestant Reformation.
Thus it is almost synonymous with Catholic Counter-Reformation Art of the
period.

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 Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

Chair of St. Peter

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Rococo (1699 - 1780)
Rococo, style in interior design, the decorative arts, painting,
architecture, and sculpture that originated in Paris in the early
18th century but was soon adopted throughout France and later
in other countries, principally Germany and Austria. It is
characterized by lightness, elegance, and an exuberant use of
curving natural forms in ornamentation. The word Rococo is
derived from the French word rocaille, which denoted the shell-
covered rock work that was used to decorate artificial grottoes.

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 'Diana after the Hunt' was
created in 1745 by Francois
Boucher

Princess Elizabeth
Esperovna Belosselsky,
Franz Xaver Winterhalter,
1859

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Neoclassicism (1750 - 1850)
Neoclassicism in the arts is an aesthetic attitude based on the art of Greece
and Rome in antiquity, which invokes harmony, clarity, restraint,
universality, and idealism. In the context of the tradition, Classicism refers
either to the art produced in antiquity or to later art inspired by that of
antiquity, while Neoclassicism always refers to the art produced later but
inspired by antiquity. Classicizing artists tend to prefer somewhat more
specific qualities, which include line over colour, straight lines over curves,
frontality and closed compositions over diagonal compositions into deep
space, and the general over the particular.

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 The Coronation of
Napoleon
Painting by Jacques-
Louis David

The Death of
Socrates
Painting by
Jacques-Louis
David

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 Romanticism (1780 - 1850)
Romanticism, attitude or intellectual orientation that characterized many works of
literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in Western
civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. Romanticism
can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance,
idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-
century Neoclassicism in particular. It was also to some extent a reaction against
the Enlightenment and against 18th-century rationalism and physical materialism
in general. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational,
the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and
the transcendental

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Saturn Devouring His Son
Painting by Francisco Goya

Spoliarium
Painting by Juan Luna

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 Realism (1848 - 1900)
Realism was an art movement that revolted against the emotional and
exaggerated themes of Romanticism. Artists and writers began to
explore the reality of every day life. When was the Realism style of art
popular? The Realism movement lasted around forty years from 1840 to
1880. It followed the Romanticism movement and came before Modern
Art. What are the characteristics of Realism? Realism artists tried to
depict the real world exactly as it appears. They painted everyday
subjects and people. They didn't try to interpret the setting or add
emotional meaning to the scenes.
 The Silent
Monastery
Artist: Isaac
Levitan

the lazy apprentice by

mihály munkácsy

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 Impressionism (1865 - 1885)
Impressionism, French Impressionnisme, a major movement, first in
painting and later in music, that developed chiefly in France during the
late 19th and early 20th centuries. Impressionist painting comprises the
work produced between about 1867 and 1886 by a group of artists who
shared a set of related approaches and techniques. The most conspicuous
characteristic of Impressionism in painting was an attempt to accurately
and objectively record visual reality in terms of transient effects of light
and colour. In music, it was to convey an idea or affect through a wash of
sound rather than a strict formal structure.

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 Woman with a Parasol
- Madame Monet and
Her Son
Painting by Claude
Monet

The Artist's
Garden at
Giverny
Painting by
Claude Monet
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Post-impressionism (1885-
1910)
Post-Impressionism, in Western painting, movement in France that represented both an extension
of Impressionism and a rejection of that style’s inherent limitations. The term Post-Impressionism
was coined by the English art critic Roger Fry for the work of such late 19th-century painters as
Paul Cézanne, Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and
others. All of these painters except van Gogh were French, and most of them began as
Impressionists; each of them abandoned the style, however, to form his own highly personal art.
Impressionism was based, in its strictest sense, on the objective recording of nature in terms of the
fugitive effects of colour and light. The Post-Impressionists rejected this limited aim in favour of
more ambitious expression, admitting their debt, however, to the pure, brilliant colours of
Impressionism, its freedom from traditional subject matter, and its technique of defining form with
short brushstrokes of broken colour. The work of these painters formed a basis for several
contemporary trends and for early 20th-century modernism

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 Vincent Van Gogh's
Café Terrace
at Night

The Starry
Night

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 Art Nouveau (1890-1910)

Art Nouveau, ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910
throughout Europe and the United States. Art Nouveau is characterized by its use of a
long, sinuous, organic line and was employed most often in architecture, interior
design, jewelry and glass design, posters, and illustration.

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 Zodiac
Painting by Alphonse
Mucha

Judith and the Head of

Holofernes
Painting by Gustav Klimt
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 Fauvism (1900 - 1935)
Fauvism is an art movement and style that was established towards the beginning of the 20th
century. Pioneered by the likes of Henri Matisse and André Derain, in its early years Fauvism
was predominantly affiliated with French artists. Fauvist art is characterised by its bold
colours, textured brushwork and non-naturalistic depictions.
In some ways, Fauvist artists emerged as an extension of the Impressionist artists working at
the turn of the century. Linked by the way they painted directly from nature, Fauvists are
sometimes associated with post-Impressionism. However, unlike the Impressionists, the
Fauvists paid particular attention to capturing emotion in their subjects. Often painting
portraits, landscapes and nudes, the Fauvists enhanced the colours and tones of the natural
world, whilst closely observing scientific colour theories that had been developed in the
previous century. Fauvism combines so many of the art movements that proceeded it,
borrowing everything from German Expressionism to neo-Impressionism.

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Le bonheur de
vivre
Painting by Henri
Matisse

Landscape near Chatou,

1904 - Andre Derain

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Expressionism (1905 - 1920)
Expressionism, artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not objective reality but rather
the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse within a person. The
artist accomplishes this aim through distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and
through the vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal elements. In a broader
sense Expressionism is one of the main currents of art in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries, and its qualities of highly subjective, personal, spontaneous self-expression are
typical of a wide range of modern artists and art movements. Expressionism can also be seen
as a permanent tendency in Germanic and Nordic art from at least the European Middle Ages,
particularly in times of social change or spiritual crisis, and in this sense it forms the
converse of the rationalist and classicizing tendencies of Italy and later of France.

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 Blue Horses
Painting by
Franz Marc

Evening on Karl Johan

Street
Painting by Edvard Munch

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Cubism (1907 - 1914)
Cubism, highly influential visual arts style of the 20th century that was
created principally by the artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in
Paris between 1907 and 1914. The Cubist style emphasized the flat,
two-dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional
techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro
and refuting time-honoured theories that art should imitate nature.
Cubist painters were not bound to copying form, texture, colour, and
space. Instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that depicted
radically fragmented objects.

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Still life with the caned chair
Still life by Pablo Picasso

Guernica
Painting by Pablo Picasso

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 Surrealism (1970-1950)
Surrealism, movement in visual art and literature, flourishing in Europe between World Wars I and II. Surrealism grew principally
out of the earlier Dada movement, which before World War I produced works of anti-art that deliberately defied reason; but
Surrealism’s emphasis was not on negation but on positive expression. The movement represented a reaction against what its
members saw as the destruction wrought by the “rationalism” that had guided European culture and politics in the past and that had
culminated in the horrors of World War I. According to the major spokesman of the movement, the poet and critic André Breton, who
published The Surrealist Manifesto in 1924, Surrealism was a means of reuniting conscious and unconscious realms of experience so
completely that the world of dream and fantasy would be joined to the everyday rational world in “an absolute reality, a surreality.”
Drawing heavily on theories adapted from Sigmund Freud, Breton saw the unconscious as the wellspring of the imagination. He
defined genius in terms of accessibility to this normally untapped realm, which, he believed, could be attained by poets and painters
alike.

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 The Lovers
Painting by René
Magritte

The Persistence of Memory

Painting by Salvador Dalí

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 Abstract Expressionism (1940-
1950s)
They emphasize free, spontaneous, and personal emotional expression,
and they exercise considerable freedom of technique and execution to
attain this goal, with a particular emphasis laid on the exploitation of the
variable physical character of paint to evoke expressive qualities (e.g.,
sensuousness, dynamism, violence, mystery, lyricism). They show
similar emphasis on the unstudied and intuitive application of that paint
in a form of psychic improvisation akin to the automatism of the
Surrealists, with a similar intent of expressing the force of the creative
unconscious in art.

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 Blue Nudes
Depiction by Henri Matisse

No. 5, 1948
Painting by Jackson
Pollock
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OP arts (1950s-1960s)
Op art, also called optical art, branch of mid-20th-century geometric abstract art that deals with optical illusion. Achieved
through the systematic and precise manipulation of shapes and colours, the effects of Op art can be based either on
perspective illusion or on chromatic tension; in painting, the dominant medium of Op art, the surface tension is usually
maximized to the point at which an actual pulsation or flickering is perceived by the human eye. In its concern with utterly
abstract formal relationships, Op art is indirectly related to such other 20th-century styles as Orphism, Constructivism,
Suprematism, and Futurism—particularly the latter because of its emphasis on pictorial movement and dynamism. The
painters of this movement differed from earlier artists working in geometric styles, however, in their purposeful manipulation
of formal relationships in order to evoke perceptual illusions, ambiguities, and contradictions in the vision of the viewer.

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Movement in Squares Cataract 3

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 Pop Arts (1950s-
Pop 1960s)
“
⊹ art, art movement of the late 1950s and ’60s that was
inspired by commercial and popular culture. Although it did
not have a specific style or attitude, Pop art was defined as a
diverse response to the postwar era’s commodity-driven
values, often using commonplace objects (such as comic
strips, soup cans, road signs, and hamburgers) as subject
matter or as part of the work.

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 M-Maybe
Painting by Roy Lichtenstein

Crying Girl by Roy

Lichtenstein

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 Arte Povera (1960s)
Arte Povera - the Italian phrase for "poor art" or "impoverished art" - was one of the most significant
and influential avant-garde movements to emerge in Southern Europe in the late 1960s. It included the
work of around a dozen Italian artists whose most distinctly recognizable trait was their use of
commonplace materials that evoked a pre-industrial age, such as earth, rocks, clothing, paper and rope:
literally 'poor' or cheap materials that they repurposed for their practice. These practices presented a
challenge to established notions of value and propriety, as well as subtly critiquing the industrialization
and mechanization of Italy at the time.

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L'altra figura
Work of art

Quadro di fili elettrici – Tenda

di lampadine
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 Minimalism (1960s-
70s)
Minimalism emerged in New York in the early 1960s among artists who were
self-consciously renouncing recent art they thought had become stale and
academic. A wave of new influences and rediscovered styles led younger
artists to question conventional boundaries between various media. The new
art favored the cool over the "dramatic": their sculptures were frequently
fabricated from industrial materials and emphasized anonymity over the
expressive excess of Abstract Expressionism. Painters and sculptors avoided
overt symbolism and emotional content, but instead called attention to the
materiality of the works.
 red circle on black
jiro yoshihara

Grace Kelly III,

1994 - Imi
Knoebel
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Conceptual Arts (mid 1960s-mid 70s)
Conceptual art is a movement that prizes ideas over the formal or visual
components of art works. An amalgam of various tendencies rather than a tightly
cohesive movement, Conceptualism took myriad forms, such as performances,
happenings, and ephemera. From the mid-1960s through the mid-1970s
Conceptual artists produced works and writings that completely rejected
standard ideas of art. Their chief claim - that the articulation of an artistic idea
suffices as a work of art - implied that concerns such as aesthetics, expression,
skill and marketability were all irrelevant standards by which art was usually
judged. So drastically simplified, it might seem to many people that what passes
for Conceptual art is not in fact "art" at all, much as Jackson Pollock's "drip"
paintings, or Andy Warhol's Brillo Boxes (1964), seemed to contradict what
previously had passed for art. But it is important to understand Conceptual art in
a succession of avant-garde movements (Cubism, Dada, Abstract Expressionism,
Pop, etc.) that succeeded in self-consciously expanding the boundaries of art.
Conceptualists put themselves at the extreme end of this avant-garde tradition.
In truth, it is irrelevant whether this extremely intellectual kind of art matches
one's personal views of what art should be, because the fact remains that
Conceptual artists successfully redefine the concept of a work of art to the extent
that their efforts are widely accepted as art by collectors, gallerists, and museum
curators.

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 How to Explain Pictures to
a Dead Hare

Artist's Shit
Artwork
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 Contemporary Arts (1970-present)

contemporary art is art made today by living artists. As such, it reflects the complex issues that shape our
diverse, global, and rapidly changing world. Through their work, many contemporary artists explore personal
or cultural identity, offer critiques of social and institutional structures, or even attempt to redefine art itself.
In the process, they often raise difficult or thought-provoking questions without providing easy answers.
Curiosity, an open mind, and a commitment to dialogue and debate are the best tools with which to approach
a work of contemporary art.

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 Free and Leisure-10 - Yue
Minjun

Exhaling Pearls
Sculpture by Joseph Havel

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I hope you enjoy the show!
Thank you!!