MAJOR PROCESS OF

HISTORICAL
RESEARCH
• Data collection – the historical from the past
through relic’s fossils or document are found in
the activity or through personal interview with
key informant. Old newspaper clippings,
memoirs diaries are rich source of historical data
• Analytical data – the historian bring together
the data collected to the state of knowledge
about the past event and the simple to complex
statistical tool for analysis
•Report of finding- the historical report
his/her finding by carefully explaining
discrepancies noted and potable cause
of such discrepancies.
• Sample planning, design and techniques
• Sampling is the process of getting information a proper
subset of population. The fundamental purpose of all
sampling plan is to the population characteristic
through the values obtain from the sample as
accurately as possible. a sampling plan is a detailed
outline of which material in what manner and by
whom that support the purpose of an analysis
• The following step involved in developing are
steps in involving in developing sample plan.

• 1) identify the parameters to be measured, the range

of possible value and the required resolution
• 2)desigin a sampling scheme that details how how
and when will the samples will be taken.
• 3)Select sample size
• 4 )design data storage formulate
• 5 assign roles and responsibilities
• For a qualitative analysis, the sample s composition must
accurately represent the target population, a requirement
that necessitate a careful sampling plan among the issues
to consider are these 5 question

• 1)from where within the target population should we collect

the samples?
• 2 )what type of should we collect?
• 3)What is the minimum amount of sample for each analysis?  
• 4) How many sample should we analyse?
• 5)how can we minimize e the overall variance for the
analysis?
 
• Formula for the sample size
N=4S ^2/e^2
• Where e error tolerance (about .05 or .01) for a confidence coefficient
of a=.05. for a =.01, then the formula becomes
N=9S^2/E^2
• In the event of lack of knowledge about the behaviour of the
population the slovin’s formula may be applied :
n=n/(1+ne^2)
• Where the N is the population size and e =error balance.
 • Example find the sample size require a population size
N=1000if an error of e= .05 is tolerated

Answer :n=(1000)/(1+(1000)(.05)(.05)
N=286
sex frequecy percentage

Male 350 35.00

Female 650 65.00

total 1000 100.00

Our sample plan call for a behaviour of a sample to follow

the behaviour of the population
Then our sample frame must follow this behaviour.if e=.05
then our sample size is 286 .thus ,35%of 286 must be male
and 65%MUST BE FAMALES