ANAEMIA

By: Syafeenas Saiful Bahri

Queelfil a/p Bakas
 Definition
 Anaemia (from Greek word anaimia) meaning
lack of blood
 Is a decrease in number of red blood cells (RBC)
or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin
in the blood.
 Classification

1. On the basis of morphology

 Normocytic
 Microcytic
 Macrocytic

2. On the basis of cause

 Blood loss
 Inadequate production of normal blood cells
 Excessive destruction of blood cells
 7 Symptoms of Anaemia
 Bruising
 Constant craving for ice
 Cracked lips
 Desire to eat dirt
 Hair loss
 Spoon nails
 Tingling legs
 Causes of anaemia

Decreased erythrocyte production

 Decreased erythropoietin production
 Inadequate marrow response to erythropoietin
Erythrocyte loss
 Hemorrhage
 Hemolysis
Normal red cell morphology
Macrocytic Microcytic
 DRUGS FOR ANAEMIA

 Eprex
 Maltofex
 Eprex
 Epoetinum alfa (recombinant human
erythropoietin)
 Glycoprotein produced by recombinant DNA
technology that stimulate
 Eprex – mechanism of
actions

 After EPO binds to its cell surface receptor, it activates

signal transduction pathways that interfere with
apoptosis and stimulates erythroid cell proliferation.
Recombinant human EPO (Epoetin alfa),
 has a 165 amino acid sequence identical to that of human
urinary EPO; the two are indistinguishable on the basis of
functional assays.
 Epoetinum alpha, obtained by gene technology, is
identical in its amino acid sequence to erythropoietin that
has been isolated from the urine of anaemic patients
 -cont-
 Pharmacodynamics: Erythropoietin is a mitosis
stimulating factor and differentiating hormone
which stimulates erythropoiesis.
 Epoetinum alfa cannot be distinguished from
human erythropoietin with regard to its
biological properties
 After administration of epoetinum alfa, the
number of erythrocytes, the haemoglobin
values (Hb) increases
 Eprex – side effects

 Diarrhoea
 Feeling sick in your stomach
 Vomiting
 Fever
 Respiratory tract congestion
 Eprex - Drug interactions

 Antihypertensive agents
 Heparin
 Iron supplement
 Maltofer

 Contents: Iron or with folic acid.

 Indications:.
 Prevention and treatment of iron deficiencies
of all origins, particularly iron deficiency
anemia.
 Chewable Tablet: Therapy for latent and
manifest cases of iron and folic acid
deficiency during pregnancy and lactation
 Maltofer - mechanism of
actions
• Iron are present in the form of iron polymaltose
complex and not in ionised form (no iron salts).
• The biological iron availability is comparable to
iron salts, this results in rapid utilisation of iron
(haemoglobin and myoglobin synthesis as well as
formation of reserve iron),with simultaneous
improvement in the symptoms incurred by iron
deficiency.
• Iron is an important constituent of haemoglobin,
myoglobin and enzymes which contain iron.
 -cont-

Pharmacokinetics:
• The iron absorption correlates with the plasma ferritin
value.
• The quantity of iron absorbed is dependent on the degree of
iron absorbed is dependent on the degree of iron deficiency
of the individual to be treated, as well as on the dosage iron.
• The greater the iron deficit at the equivalent therapeutic
iron dosage, the higher the absorption of iron.
• The non-absorbed iron is eliminated in the faeces.
 -cont-

• Chewable Tablet:
• Oral antianaemic preparation for pregnancy and
lactation.
• Iron absorption in physiological and therapeutic
doses of iron (II) and iron (III) polymaltose , as
chewable tablet, is of equal value for the
formation of haemoglobin.
 Maltofer – side effects

 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Epigastric pain
 Disorders of the chair
 Darkening of the stool
 Maltofer – available
dosage forms
o Oral solution.
o Drops for reception inside.
o Syrup.
o Chewable tablet.
o Injection.
 Maltofer – drug
interactions

 Injection solution used simultaneously with oral

iron preparation should not be, since this last
absorption from GI tract is reduced.
 Receiving oral iron supplementation is
recommended to start no early than 7 days after
the last injection.