Units Fields Acre--- 43560 ft2

1bbl ---- 5.615 ft3

1
Betha= B ---- bbl/STB o
Volume = Area * height il
GOR= SCF/STB Vp = Voi + Vwi + Vgdi
wat
Area …… mt2, ft2, Acres Vb
er
H ……..mt, ft Bbl barrel
Volume ft3, bbl STB stock tank barrel
Pressure………..atm, bar, psi gas
Temperature…… K,F,C o
il 2
Viscosidad …….cp,cstk wat
er
Porosity = Vp/Vb Vp = Voi + Vwi + Vgi Vp = Voi + Vwi + Vgli+Vgdi
Vb
Vb=A*h
1 = Soi + Swi+ Sgdi

1 = Soi + Swi+ (Sgdi+ Sgli)

 h4
h3
oil h2
h1
Volume trapezoidal
Domo salino
agua Volume piramidal
Anticlinal
Vb =A*H
Vp= phie * Vb
A0 Voi= Vp * Soi
A2 Vwi= Vp * Swi
A1
Vgi = Vp*Sgi
Vp = Voi + Vwi + Vgi
A4 A3 1 = (Voi + Vwi + Vgi)/Vp
1 = Soi + Swi+ Sgi
Volume trapezoidal
Volume piramidal Ni = Vp* Soi / Boi

Vb =A*H
Vp= phie * Vb
Area acres
Voi= Vp * Soi
H ft
Vwi= Vp * Swi Gi = 43560 * A * h * phie* Sgi / Bgi Bgi ft3/SCF
Vgi = Vp*Sgi
Vp = Voi + Vwi + Vgi
1 = (Voi + Vwi + Vgi)/Vp Swi
1 = Soi + Swi+ Sgi Area acres
Wi = 7758 * A * h * phie* Swi / Bwi H ft
Voi bbl Bwi bbl/STB
Ni = Voi/ Boi Boi > 1
Ni = 7758 * A * h * phie* Soi / Boi oil 1= Soi + Swi
Area acres
H ft
Boi bbl/STB agua
 Depth 10000 ft

gas Depth 10050 ft

GOC
oil 1= Soi + Swi+ Sgi Net Pay 150 ft
WOC Depth 10130 ft
agua
Depth 10150 ft
Rock Properties
Compressibility
 Formation Compressibility

1 PV ≈ 1
C f = Cr =
PV P φ P
Formation, Rock and Pore Volume compressibility
Are different ways of saying the same thing

Co, Cw, Cg, unit Psi-1

3 to 4 e-6
Ce avg = compresibilidad efectiva promedio = CoSo + CwSw + CgSg+ Cf
 Why Study Formation Compressibility?
Formation (pore volume) compressibility is important
for two reasons:

1. It provides an additional drive mechanism to

help expel fluids from the reservoir

2. Pore volume compressibility can cause a

reduction in rock porosity and permeability with
reservoir pressure depletion

3. Theory 5% reduce 1000 psia

4. Porosity 14% reservoir pressure reduce 2500
psia final porosity ???
5. 5%/1000 psia * 2500 psia= 12.5%
 Reservoir Stress Conditions

•External Stress → Overburden Pressure

•(1 psi/foot)

•Internal Stress → Fluid Pressure

•Normally Pressured = 0.43 psi/ft. Over
Pressured = 0.5 - 1.0 psi/ft.

•NOBP = Overburden Pressure - Fluid

• Pressure
• NOBP (Net Overburden Pressure) Also Called
Net Confining Stress
Compressibility Measurements
Typical Pore Volume Compressibility Values
100

van der Knaap’s

correlation

Pore Volume Compressibility (psi-1 x 106)

Hall’s
correlation
10

laboratory
measurements:
consolidated
friable
unconsolidated
1
0 10 20 30 40
Initial Porosity
 Porosity Reduction With Pressure Decline

Note Pore Collapse for

Amoco samples

Sand arena

Sandstone arenisca
Shale lutita

Carbonate
Permeability Reduction With Depletion

Permeability
reduction with
overburden
pressure
Permeability Reduction in Low Permeability
Rocks

Pressure effects on permeability