THE BASICS

• HYDRAULICS
• DRIVE BELTS
• 4 STROKE POWER
• TIMING CHAIN
• GASOLINE/DIESEL

REVIEW
 DISCUSSION OUTLINE
▪ All about MIA 111
▪ Possible Tasks Requirements
▪ The Basics of Applied Automotive Technology

3
1.
All about MIA 111
Inside this subject.
 APPLIED AUTOMOTIVE
TECHNOLOGY

Knowledge about a wide range of diagnostics,

repairs and preventative maintenance on
automobiles and light vehicles.

5
 APPLIED AUTOMOTIVE
TECHNOLOGY

Background in engine overhaul, manual and automatic

drive train, from end alignment, brake service and
repair, fuel systems, ignition systems and air
conditioning.

6
 APPLIED AUTOMOTIVE
TECHNOLOGY

The program provides basic concepts in electrical and

electronic control systems, engine performance
diagnosis, and on-board computerized engine
control systems diagnosis.

7
2.
Possible Tasks
Requirements
Any Outputs?
 POSSIBLE TASKS
REQUIREMENTS

1. Vehicle Manual Interpretation – Midterm

2. Car Mechanical Repair/Maintenance
Review/Reflection – Final Term

NO output, NO Term Examination. All tasks

are individual…

9
3.
The Basics
What Every Vehicle Owner and
Mechanic Should Know?
“
There’s a lot of
information in this
module about how to
take care of the
vehicle, and not all of
it will apply to you.
“
But as a vehicle owner,
mechanic and driver,
there are some things
you need to know and
some things you need to
have with any vehicle
you encounter.
 KNOW WHAT TO DO IN AN
EMERGENCY
It takes time for emergency and roadside help to
arrive.

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 UNDERSTAND HOW
YOUR SAFETY SYSTEMS
WORK
These features can be very helpful, but if you
aren’t aware of them or don’t know how they
work, they can cause panic or confusion when
they engage.

14
 OWNER’S MANUAL
The owner’s manual contains a lot of
information about your specific vehicle and
what to do in emergency situations.

15
 KNOW HOW TO INSPECT,
MAINTAIN, AND CHANGE
YOUR TIRES
Regular inspections will alert you to any
potential problems.

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 KNOW HOW TO CHECK THE
FLUIDS IN YOUR CAR
Most people don’t check their fluids as
frequently as they should.

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 KNOW HOW TO CHECK AND
REPLACE FUSES
Consult your owner’s manual so you know
where to look if you have to change a fuse.

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 KNOW HOW TO CHECK
COMPUTER CODES
Know how to use a scanner and read the
computer error codes.

19
 KNOW HOW TO PROPERLY
JUMP-START YOUR
VEHICLE
The battery isn’t always in a convenient location,
and it’s easy to damage the electrical system if
the car is jump-started incorrectly.

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 KNOW HOW TO FUEL
YOUR CAR
There are a lot of fuels available today.

21
3.1.
Types of Cars
Engine, Battery or Combination?
 POWER SOURCES
Most cars are powered in one of three ways: by a
combustion engine, by one or more electric
motors, or by a combination of both called a
hybrid.

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 POWER SOURCES
FUEL-BURNING ENGINES

The majority of vehicles on the road today use an

engine to generate power by burning some type
of fuel.

24
 POWER SOURCES
FUEL-BURNING ENGINES

The most common types of fuel are gasoline,

diesel, hydrogen, and methanol.

25
 POWER SOURCES
FUEL-BURNING ENGINES

The advantage of fuel burning engines is that

they deliver plenty of power to move the car
and generate lots of electricity to power
computers, air conditioners, and other vehicle
amenities.

26
 POWER SOURCES
FUEL-BURNING ENGINES

The disadvantage to fuel-burning engines is that

most of them produce harmful emissions and
require additional equipment to help keep
pollution to a minimum.

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 POWER SOURCES
BMW i8

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 POWER SOURCES
ELECTRIC MOTORS

Electric vehicles use energy stored in a battery

or batteries, which power one or more electric
motors to drive the wheels.

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 POWER SOURCES
ELECTRIC MOTORS

Electric motors do not burn fuel, they do not

generate any harmful emissions.

30
 POWER SOURCES
ELECTRIC MOTORS

The downside to electric cars is that they have

limited range and using energy-intensive
features like air conditioning and power
windows can drain power quickly.

31
 POWER SOURCES
ELECTRIC MOTORS

Electric batteries are also expensive to replace.

32
 POWER SOURCES
Tesla Model 3

33
 POWER SOURCES
HYBRIDS

A hybrid vehicle has a battery (or batteries) and

an electric motor as well as a fuel-burning
engine.

34
 POWER SOURCES
HYBRIDS

The electric motor can be used to drive the

wheels, and the engine can both generate
electricity to charge the battery and supply
power to drive the wheels.

35
 POWER SOURCES
HYBRIDS

This dual power source results in greater engine

efficiency and reduces emissions.

36
 POWER SOURCES
TOYOTA PRIUS

37
 DRIVETRAINS
The drivetrain is the mechanism used to transfer
the power generated by the engine or motor to
the wheels that move the car.

38
 DRIVETRAINS
REAR-WHEEL DRIVE

In a rear-wheel-drive vehicle, the rear wheels are

the “drive” wheels.

39
 DRIVETRAINS
REAR-WHEEL DRIVE

They receive the power from the engine through

the drivetrain and “push” the car, while the front
wheels are used for steering.

40
 DRIVETRAINS
Mazda (MX5)

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 DRIVETRAINS
FRONT-WHEEL DRIVE

In a front-wheel-drive vehicle, the front wheels

are the “drive” wheels.

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 DRIVETRAINS
FRONT-WHEEL DRIVE

They receive power from the engine, which is

typically located at the front of the car.

43
 DRIVETRAINS
FRONT-WHEEL DRIVE

This allows for better weight distribution in the

car, and the weight of the engine helps the
traction of the wheels and reduces the amount of
power lost through long drivetrains.

44
 DRIVETRAINS
Maruti Suzuki Alto

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 DRIVETRAINS
FOUR-WHEEL OR ALL-WHEEL DRIVE

In this configuration, the engine sends power to

all four wheels of the vehicle.

46
 DRIVETRAINS
FOUR-WHEEL OR ALL-WHEEL DRIVE

The engine is located at the front of the car in

most all-wheel vehicles.

47
 DRIVETRAINS
FOUR-WHEEL OR ALL-WHEEL DRIVE

When all four wheels receive power, the car can

handle better in poor driving conditions.

48
 DRIVETRAINS
FOUR-WHEEL OR ALL-WHEEL DRIVE

Larger trucks that drive in off-road conditions

and sport utility vehicles benefit from all wheel
drive.

49
 DRIVETRAINS
DODGE DURANGO

50
 DRIVETRAINS
JEEP WRANGLER

51
3.2.
Under the Vehicle
Hood
I want to see inside of you.
FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE
A typical front-wheel-drive car has the engine
on the left and the transaxle on the right.
FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE 1. Oil fill
FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE 2. Oil dipstick
2. Oil dipstick
FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE 3. Coolant reservoir
4. Brake master cylinder and brake
fluid fill location
5. Transmission fluid
dipstick
6. Power steering fluid reservoir
FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE 7. Air filter
FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE 8. Fuse box
9. Windshield washer fill
10. Battery positive post
FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE 11. Drive belts
12. Radiator fill cap
FRONT-WHEEL DRIVE
 This V6 car does not have a
transmission dipstick
tube, and it uses
electronic power steering,
so there is no power
steering reservoir.

FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE
 1. Oil fill

FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE
 2. Oil
dipstick

FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE
 3. Coolant
reservoir

FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE
 4. Brake
master
cylinder
and brake
fluid fill

FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE
 5. Air filter

FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE
 6.
Windshield
washer fill

FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE
 7. Battery
positive
post

FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE
 8. Drive
belts

FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE
 9. Radiator
fill cap

FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE
FOUR-WHEEL/REAR-WHEEL
DRIVE

This four-wheel-drive truck

has the engine is located
right in front. It has two
batteries, one on each side
of the radiator. The engine
drive belts are on the front
of the motor. Most rear-
wheel-drive vehicles have a
similar layout.
 FOUR-WHEEL/REAR-WHEEL
DRIVE
1. Oil fill
 FOUR-WHEEL/REAR-WHEEL
DRIVE
2. Oil
dipstick
 FOUR-WHEEL/REAR-WHEEL
DRIVE
3. Coolant
reservoir
 FOUR-WHEEL/REAR-WHEEL
DRIVE
4. Brake
master
cylinder
and brake
fluid fill
 FOUR-WHEEL/REAR-WHEEL
DRIVE
5.
Transmission
fluid dipstick
 FOUR-WHEEL/REAR-WHEEL
DRIVE
6. Power
steering
reservoir
(below the
hoses)
 FOUR-WHEEL/REAR-WHEEL
DRIVE
7. Air filter
 FOUR-WHEEL/REAR-WHEEL
DRIVE
8. Fuse box
 FOUR-WHEEL/REAR-WHEEL
DRIVE
9. Battery
positive
post
 FOUR-WHEEL/REAR-WHEEL
DRIVE
10. Drive
belts
 FOUR-WHEEL/REAR-WHEEL
DRIVE
11. Radiator
fill cap
 Hybrids use a coolant system
for the batteries that isn’t
found on typical engine-only
cars. This hybrid does not
use hydraulic power
steering. Since the batteries
are remotely located, a
charge point is located in
the fuse box.

HYBRID
 HYBRID

1. Oil fill
 HYBRID

2. Oil dipstick
 HYBRID

3. Coolant reservoir
 HYBRID

4. Brake master cylinder and

brake fluid fill
 HYBRID

5. Transmission fluid dipstick

 HYBRID

6. Air filter
 HYBRID

7. Fuse box
 HYBRID

8. Windshield washer fill

 HYBRID

9. Battery positive post

 HYBRID

10. Drive belts

 HYBRID

11. Radiator fill cap

 HYBRID

12. Battery coolant (hybrid only)

 Hybrids use a coolant system
for the batteries that isn’t
found on typical engine-only
cars. This hybrid does not
use hydraulic power
steering. Since the batteries
are remotely located, a
charge point is located in
the fuse box.

HYBRID
3.3.
Fluids
Found a puddle under the car?
 OILS
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF OIL?

Your car uses oils to lubricate metal pieces,

allowing them to move against each other
without friction.

105
 OILS

Oil may be made from petroleum or

synthetically produced.

106
 OILS

The color of engine oil will differ depending on

the manufacturer and its type.

107
 OILS
CLEAN ENGINE OIL

Is usually tan or light

brown in color.

108
 OILS
HEAVY GEAR OIL

Is darker in color and

thick like honey.

109
 OILS
USED MOTOR OIL

Is blackened by the
deposits left in the
engine after burning
fuel.

110
“
A car that is leaking oil
will eventually fail when
the metal parts are no
longer able to move
against each other
smoothly.
“
Oil leaks can be caused
by engine or axle seals
failing, a clog in the
engine vent, a loose oil
filter or drain plug, or
even spilling oil on the
engine while filling it up.
 BRAKE FLUID OR
HYDRAULIC FLUID
Hydraulic fluid is used
to operate the brakes
and sometimes the
power steering.

113
 TRANSMISSION
AND TRANSAXLE
FLUIDS
Transmission and
transaxle fluids work
like both oils and
hydraulic fluids.

114
 TRANSMISSION
AND TRANSAXLE
FLUIDS
They lubricate the
metal parts and can be
pressurized like
hydraulic fluids to
operate the
transmission while
115
shifting.
 ANTIFREEZE
Antifreeze, or coolant, is mixed with water and is
designed to remove the heat from your engine.

116
 ANTIFREEZE
It prevents the water in your cooling system from
freezing and expanding, which will tear apart metal
and destroy the engine.

117
 WATER
Most often, dripping
water is coming from
condensation on the air
conditioner.

118
 WATER
Water may also
condense in the exhaust
system and be blown
out of the tail pipes
before the exhaust is
hot enough to evaporate
it.

119
 FUELS
The most common fuels today are gasoline and diesel.

120
 FUELS
Fuels have the consistency of water and can be clear to
amber in color, depending on the grade of the fuel and its
refinement.

121
 FUELS
Diesel fuel has a slight oily feel to it.

122
 FUELS
Fuels are known for their strong odors, which is a good
indicator of a fuel leak.

123
 FUELS

Bio-fuels may smell like cooking oil or burnt popcorn

depending on what they are made of.

124
 WINDSHIELD WASHER FLUID

Windshield washer fluid is usually blue, but some

manufacturers use other colors to differentiate their
products.

125
 WINDSHIELD WASHER FLUID

Most fluids are good for de-icing to a certain

temperature, and some help to remove stubborn debris
from your windshield.

126
 WINDSHIELD WASHER FLUID

Washer fluid has the consistency of water and may have a

slight cleanser odor or sweet smell to it.

127
3.4.
Routine Maintenance
Checks
How to keep the Vehicle on Condition
 EACH TIME TO USE THE
VEHICLE
▪ Check the tires for low pressure.
▪ Check the outside for new damage.
▪ Look for leaks.

129
 EACH TIME TO GET FUEL
▪ Check your fluids.
▪ Inspect belts and hoses.
▪ Check tire pressure.
▪ Clean the windows and wiper blades.

130
 EACH OIL CHANGE
▪ Inspect your tires for abnormal wear and
damage.
▪ Check your fluids.
▪ Inspect and lubricate the chassis.
▪ Inspect the belts and hoses.

131
 EACH OIL CHANGE
▪ Check the air filter.
▪ Inspect your battery.
▪ Check the external lights.

132
 EACH OTHER OIL
CHANGE
▪ Check automatic transmission fluid and
power steering fluid.
▪ Check the fuel cap.
▪ Check the seat belts.

133
 EACH OTHER OIL
CHANGE
▪ Check weather stripping and seals.
▪ Check computer codes.

134
 THAT’S ALL
Any questions?
CLARIFICATION
ADDITION
SUGGESTIONS
VIOLENT REACTIONS
135
UP NEXT!
DISCUSSION
Notes:
Do an advance reading for chapter 2 at your module