5  

  Understanding the Ahmad A. Literary Theory and ‘Third World

    third world Literature’: Some Contexts. Contemporary
literature keeping an Literary Criticism: Literary and Cultural
   
eye on literary Studies. Eds Robert Con Davis & Ronald
  Literary theory Schleifer. New York, NY: Addison Wesley
3 Theory   Longman, Inc. 1998:136-56.
and
 
Third
6 Rethinking the Patil ZN. Rethinking the objectives of teaching
World
Objectives of English in Asia. Asian EFL Journal. 2008
Literatur
Teaching English in Dec;10(4):227-40.
e: Some
Asia
Contexts

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 Find a difference: Scholars’ Perspectives

PhD EL Scholar: “Mam no where is jcr”

Considerate Statement: “I could not find a copy of JCR posted
in this group.”

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 English With Several Unresolved Issues Remains Powerful Language
In Pakistan (Haidar & Manan, 2020, p.242)
 Underscoring the differential episteme of South Asian literature
 A category different from the Commonwealth and Postcolonial literatures

• Pakistani English (PE) is part of the South Asian Englishes (Kachru, 1975), ‘the
expansion of cultural identities’ (Kachru, 1986a, p.355). Due to limited
educational background, it could be broken English, or the English users might
be semi-fluent. This was similar to developing pidgin Englishes across the
world (Crystal, 2008, p. 4). In a language contact situation, an official
language of a country becomes the second language that receives a treatment
from country’s linguistic environment (Kachru, 1992, p.148). However, PE
has been developing for functional purposes.
(Riaz, 2020, p. 57-58)
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 Riaz, p. 58
• Generally, in the linguistic area of South Asia, Indian English had been described
assuming that the description of Indian English applied to Pakistani English as
well. Indian and Pakistani speakers were likely to accommodate to Indian English
instead of aiming at British/American models of English language learning (Rahman,
1990) in research on Pakistani English. Pakistan along with India, and other African
countries used moderately stable variety of English (Rahman, 1990). As far as
lexicon, word stock, and semantics, expositions, connotations are concerned, PE
should have been considered as a nonnative variety. It is nativized English. Thus,
the language teachers in the East and the West are to show more linguistic
tolerance for accepting the local varieties of English (Baumgardner, 1987).
Urduization of English (Baumgardner, Kennedy & Shamim, 1993) was
endonormative/looking inward. PE was Urduized English. However, the local
linguistic repertoire of Pakistan is intrinsically plurilingual (Canagarajah & Ashraf,
2013) i.e., multilingual, Punjabi, Pashtun, Sindhi, and Balochi other than
Urduized English (Rahman, 1990).
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 Befriend South Asian Literature
• Novels, short stories, and poetry that present recognizable themes, and draw on the
rich cultural, literary, and historical background of the region.
• The different short stories, novels, and films represent some important 20th century
historical events: the moment of Independence for India and Pakistan, an event
immediately followed by the ghastly violence of the 'Partition.'
• Others deal with more recent events: the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971, which led to the
founding of Bangladesh; the civil war in Sri Lanka in the 1970s and 80s; or the recent.
153 border conflicts between India and Pakistan over Kashmir
• Also, books written by 'diasporic' authors -- people who for various reasons live outside
of the subcontinent.
• Some writers focus quite specifically on what life is like for displaced South Asians in
London, the U.S., Canada, and elsewhere.
• Being a part of contemporary world, the south Asian writers are no more isolated the
contemporary trends in literary studies.
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Productive Activities: Reading Listening Reflecting Presenting: Synthesis
• Discuss the novels, short stories, films or poems through which you as a
researcher realize that English has become the Language of a dominant
minority. (25 Marks)
• Discuss the novels, short stories, films and poems through which you as a
researcher realize that English has become the Language of a dominant
minority.(20 Marks)
• Discuss the short stories through which you as a researcher realize that English
has become the Language of a dominant minority. (10 Marks)
• Discuss the films through which you as a researcher realize that English has
become the Language of a dominant minority. (15 Marks)
• Discuss the poems through which you as a researcher realize that English has
become the Language of a dominant minority.(20 Marks)
Attempting Term Papers; Quizzes; Class/Home Assignments/ Presentations
11/15/2021 3W ELL-901 Dr Nailah Riaz 6
 pp. 43-71

Ahmad A. Literary Theory and ‘Third World Literature’: Some Contexts.

Contemporary Literary Criticism: Literary and Cultural Studies. Eds Robert Con
Davis & Ronald Schleifer. New York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
1998:136-56.

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 Closely Read On To Decide

What could be an egalitarian/fairer language policy for Pakistan?

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 Read to Enlighten yourselves

• Ahmad A. Literary Theory and ‘Third World Literature’: Some Contexts. Contemporary Literary
Criticism: Literary and Cultural Studies. Eds Robert Con Davis & Ronald Schleifer. New York,
NY: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1998:136-56.
• https
://www.researchgate.net/publication/338965782_English_in_Pakistan_Language_Policy_Feature
s_and_Present-day_use
• Kachru, B. B. (1975). Lexical innovations in south Asian English. International Journal of the
Sociology of Language, 1975(4), 55-74.
• Riaz, N. (2020). Teaching and Testing Speaking Skills at University Freshmen level: A Case
Study. (Unpublished PhD dissertation), Air University, Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan.
• Shahzad W, Shahzad SK, Ahmed RI, Jabeen R. THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE PLANNING IN
NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL POLICY (NEP) 2017 IN PAKISTAN. European Journal of
English Language and Literature Studies.3W2018
11/15/2021
Oct;6(7):5-19.
ELL-901 Dr Nailah Riaz 9