The Age of

Exploration
 Why People Explore

• Gold – Nations were always looking for new sources of wealth.

• Glory – Individual explorers competed for fame and honor for both
themselves and their countries.
• God – Europeans believed it was their duty to bring Christianity to the
non-believers of the world.
European Powerhouses

•France
•England
•Spain
•Portugal
 Europe

England

France
Spain
Portugal
Who were the rulers of the nations of Europe?

Kings and Queens (a Monarchy)

~ a form of government in which supreme power is in an
individual.
What was one way kings of the 15th century
could expand their power?

By adding overseas
colonies to their
empire.
Early World Map:
Includes just Europe,
Africa, and part of
Asia.
Many believed the
earth was flat.
Bishop Pierre d’ Ailly’s book change the way
people viewed the earth.

• He said the
earth was round,
not flat.
Explorers of North
America
The Age of Exploration
 Leif Ericson

The Vikings
reached North
America five
hundred years
before
Columbus
 Discovering North America
• 982 Erik the Red
founded Greenland.
• Leif Erikson later landed
on North America.
Claudius Ptolemy 87-150AD

One of the first to believe that the Earth

was round (sphere), not flat.
Ptolemy’s map omitted the Western
Hemisphere
One of the classical errors concerning the
earth ----miscalculated the size of the
earth.
 Motives for Exploration

• To search for new routes to the Far East.

• To expand the empires of Spain, Portugal,
England, and France.
• To gain riches through trade.
• To spread religious ideas
 Marco Polo
• European whose descriptions of the riches
of China made traders wants to go to Asia.
• He did not discover unknown lands and
seas
• Served as a special ambassador to Kublai
Khan
• Stayed in China for almost 25 years
• Had books written about his travels
 Prince Henry, the Navigator
  • Never actually sailed on
any of the voyages of
discovery he sponsored.
• Established a school for
the study of the arts of
navigation, mapmaking,
and shipbuilding.
 Bartolomeu Dias

• Led the first European

expedition to sail around
Africa's Cape of Good Hope
• Opened up money making
trading routes from Europe to
Asia.
 Vasco Da Gama
• Portuguese explorer who
discovered an ocean
route from Portugal to
the East.
 Amerigo Vespucci

• An Italian explorer
• First person to realize that the Americas were
separate from the continent of Asia.
• America was named for him in 1507
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
(1475-1519)

• Spanish conquistador
and explorer.
• First European to see the
eastern part of the Pacific
Ocean (in 1513)
 Magellan
• Searched for passage to
Pacific Ocean
• Sailed through “straits of
Magellan”
• Crew first to
circumnavigate the world
 Cabot

• Sailed for England

• Landed on coast of New-
foundland
• Gave England claim to
North America
 Christopher Columbus
Reason for Exploring
• Thought that Japan and the Indies were much closer than
they are.

• Explore a new route to the East Indies (Spice Islands).

• Would become Governor of any lands discovered.

• Keep 10% of wealth discovered.

 Christopher Columbus

• Set sail on Aug 3, 1492 from port of Palos,

Spain.
• Voyage into uncharted waters.
• Landed in the Bahamas on October 12, 1492
Hernando de Soto Explores the Southeast
• In 1539, Hernando de Soto landed near
modern Tampa with an army of 700 to
explore the Southeast and locate the fabled
cities of gold.
• Three years of exploration were marked by
nearly constant conflict with the Native
tribes and disease that reduced his army by
half.
• In 1542, de Soto himself died of disease in
modern Alabama forcing the survivors of
his party to escape to the Gulf of Mexico on
rafts.
• Despite the failure to secure riches for
Spain, de Soto’s expedition was the
most significant exploration of the
American mainland to date.
• Contact with the European explorers
introduced the devastating disease smallpox
De Soto’s exploration of the to Native populations that had no natural
Southeast immunity.
 Giovanni da Verrazzano

• First white
man to sail
into the New
York Harbor
and see the
Hudson River
 Juan Ponce De Leon
1460? - 1521
• a Spanish explorer and
soldier
• First European to set
foot in Florida.
• Established the oldest
European settlement in
Puerto Rico
• Discovered the Gulf
Stream (a current in the
Atlantic Ocean).
• Was searching for the
legendary Fountain of
Youth and other riches.
 Hernando Cortes

• a Spanish adventurer and

conquistador
• Overthrew the Aztec
empire and claimed
Mexico for Spain(1519-21).
• A Spanish Francisco Pizzaro
conquistador
• Traveled through 1478-1541
much of the Pacific
coast of America
along Peru.
Discovered" the
Incan empire and
conquered it brutally
and quickly, stealing
immense hoards of
gold, silver, and
other treasures.
 Francesco de Orellana

•First
European to
travel the
length of the
Amazon
River
 Sir Francis Drake

•Voyages: South
America, Strait of
Magellan.
•Famous for: In 1577
Drake made his voyage
around the world in
Golden Hind.
 Female Pirates
.
•The life of a pirate or merchantman
offered:
• a steady income,
• Adventure
• freedom from social expectations.

•Anne Bonny and Mary Read are the most

infamous female pirates. They sailed with
Calico Jack Rackham.
 Blackbeard (Edward Teach)
• The most notorious of the pirates
of the Caribbean.
• Captain of Queen Anne’s Revenge,
also followed by several small
sloops, depending on what he
needed for attack.
• In 1718, Blackbeard and his crews
sailed into the harbor at Charleston,
SC. They blockaded the harbor,
plundered any ships which came
his way, and held the town to
ransom.