Behavioural Science

MOTIVATION

Lecture by Kader Muhammad Kader Ridzwan

Prepared by Dr Nida Sajid Ali Bangash
 DEFINITIONS
Behavioural Science

• Motivation refers to the individual, internal process that directs, energizes

and sustains a person’s behaviour.

• Motivation refers to the state within a person that drives behaviour toward
some goals.

• Motivation is the drive that pushes human to work hard.

• Moreover, it is the energy that gives you the strength to get up and keep
going – even when things are not going your way.
 CONTD.
Behavioural Science

• In Psychology, motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity &

persistence of behaviour.

• Motivation is an internal state or condition that activates behaviour and

gives it direction.
 MASLOWS THEORY OF MOTIVATION
Behavioural Science

• Abraham Maslow, a Psychologist believed that all people have needs to be

satisfied, and that they will work towards satisfying those needs.

• A need is what a person requires. He assumed these needs could be

arranged according to their importance in a series of steps known as
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Behavioural Science
 LEVEL 1 PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
Behavioural Science

Physiological needs are those required to sustain life. Such as:

• Air, water, food, rest, exercise

 LEVEL 2 SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS
Behavioural Science

• Once physiological needs are met, one’s attention turns to safety &
security in order to be free from the threat of physical & emotional harm.

• Level 2 needs include: safety, security, protection, freedom from fear.

• Such needs might be fulfilled by:

- Living in safe area
- Medical insurance
- Job security
- Financial reserves
 LEVEL 3 SOCIAL NEEDS
Behavioural Science

• Once a person has met the lower level physiological and safety needs,
higher level needs awaken.

• The first level of higher level needs are social needs.

• Social needs are those related to interaction with others & may include:
- Friendship
- Belonging to a group
- Giving & receiving love
 LEVEL 4 ESTEEM NEEDS
Behavioural Science

• Once a person feels a sense of belonging, the need to feel important

arises.

• Esteem may be classified as internal & external.

• Internal esteem needs are those related to self-esteem such as

achievement and self respect.

• External esteem needs are those such as social status, recognition and
reputation.
 LEVEL 5 SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS
Behavioural Science

• Self-actualization is the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

that include realizing personal potential, seeking personal growth &
fulfillment of needs & desires.

• Self-actualization is the full use of talent, capacity & potentials.

 FEATURES/CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF-
PERFECTION /SELF-GREATNESS Behavioural Science

a) Honest
Objective, straight to the point and selfless
 
b) Creative
Spontaneous, creative, learn/try new things.

c) Acceptance
Accepting oneself and others

d) Cautiousness
Sympathise others conditions
 CONCLUSION
Behavioural Science

• Despite these theories have been broadly read, its enduring value is that it
recognizes that true motivation comes from within a person and not from
other factors.