OBJECTIVES:

• Learn about key concepts of

emotions and different theories
• Appreciate the importance of
emotion in one’s personality
• Employ the learning in day to day
living
SILVERIO, SHELLA
MARIE L.
PSY 4Y2-1
WHO or WHAT
ARE YOUR
MOTIVATION
S?
Definition of
MOTIVATION
• Motivation is
a psychological feature that
arouses an organism to act towards
a desired goal and elicits, controls,
and sustains certain goal directed
behaviors.
• Motivation is derived from the
Latin word ‘movere’ which means
SALIENT FEATURES OF
MOTIVATION
• It drives an individual to do or act upon
something
• Efforts are exerted by an individual to
achieve desired goals or outcomes
• Selection of desired instruments present in
his surroundings that will help an
individual achieve his goals contribute to
his motivation.
Motivation as a Cycle
Model of how
motivated activities Need

work
• Need: Internal
Goal Drive
deficiency; causes
• Drive: Energized
motivational state (e.g.,
hunger, thirst); activates Response
a…
• Response: Action or
series of actions
designed to attain a…
CLASSIFICATION OF
PRIMARY/
MOTIVES
PHYSIOLOGICA SECONDARY/
L PSYCHOLOGICAL
• Food • Self-fulfillment in life
• Water • Self-status
• Oxygen • Growth
• Balanced temperature of body • Achievement
• Be free from physical pain • happiness
• Re-energizing the body
• Defecation
• Sex drive
Types of Motivation
• Intrinsic Motivation: Motivation coming from within, not from
external rewards; based on personal enjoyment of a task
Physical activity, the need for exercise
Power, the need for influence of will
Romance, the need for sex and for beauty
Saving, the need to collect
Social contact, the need for friends (peer relationships)
Social status, the need for social standing/importance
Tranquility, the need to be safe
Vengeance, the need to strike back and to compete
• Extrinsic Motivation: Based on obvious
obligations, or similar factors (e.g., pay, grades)
Acceptance, the need for approval
Curiosity, the need to learn
Eating, the need for food
Family, the need to raise children
Honor, the need to be loyal to the traditional values of one's clan/ethnic group
Idealism, the need for social justice
Independence, the need for individuality
external rewards,
MOTIVATI
ONAL
THEORIES
Humanistic Theory
• Abraham Maslow
believed that people are
motivated by the
conscious desire for
personal growth.
• Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs ranges from
physiological needs such
as hunger and thirst
through self actualization.
HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
1990’S MODEL OF HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS
theory can be summarized as follows:
• Human beings have wants and desires
which influence their behavior.
• Needs are arranged in order of importance
to human life, from the basic to the
complex.
• The person advances to the next level of
needs only after the lower level need is at
least minimally satisfied.
• The further the progress up the hierarchy,
 Instinct theory
• The strongest advocate of instinct theory
was the psychologist William McDougall
who maintained that all of our thoughts
and behavior were the result of instincts.
• It is basic for human survival to have such
instincts because it allows him to follow a
certain pattern of behavior.
Drive Reduction
Theory
• Drive Reduction Theory, developed by Clark Hull
in 1943, was the first theory for motivation
(Dewey, 2007). Drive theory is based on the
principle that organisms are born with certain
needs and that a negative state of tension is
created when these needs are not satisfied. When
a need is satisfied, drive is reduced and the
organism returns to a state of homeostasis and
relaxation.
• which postulated that behavior occurs in response
to "drives" such as hunger, thirst, sexual interest,
feeling cold, etc. When the goal of the drive is
Incentive theory
o Incentive means the motivational value
of a reinforcer.
o In contrast with the push drive theories,
incentive theories are ‘pull theories of
motivation. Because of certain
characteristics they have, the goal
objects pull behavior towards them.
Homeostatic theory
• Comes from the greek word “homois”
which means statis meaning standing
still.
• In motivation, the body must maintain
a specific state of balance in order to
function.
• Homeostasis does not occur by chance,
but is the result of organized self-
government.