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SUBQUERY

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 Outline

 Challenges
 Subquery
 Noncorrelated subquery
 Correlated subquery

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 Challenges
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 Joins are great but sometimes you need to ask your

database more than one questions
 Or, take the result of one query and use it as the
input to another query
 Solution  subqueries
 Help to avoid duplicate data
 Make your queries more dynamic
 Challenges cont.
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 Challenges cont.
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 Find the best match for the job with below criteria
 Challenges cont.
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 Challenges cont.  solved with inner join
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Find the best match for the job with below

criteria
 Query:
SELECT mc.last_name, mc.first_name, mc.phone
FROM my_contacts AS mc
INNER JOIN job_desired AS jd
ON mc.contact_id= jd.contact_id
WHERE jd.title =‘web develover’
AND jd.salary_low <105000
AND jd.years_exp > 5;
 Are there candidates to fulfill the job opening?
Using IN keywords
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 Query:
SELECT mc.last_name, mc.first_name, mc.phone,
jc.title
FROM my_contacts AS mc
INNER JOIN job_current AS jc
ON mc.contact_id= jc.contact_id
WHERE jc.title IN (‘Cook’, ‘Hairdresser’, ‘Waiter’,
‘Web Designer’, ‘Web Developer’)
 Query:
SELECT mc.last_name, mc.first_name,
mc.phone, jc.title
FROM my_contacts AS mc
NATURAL JOIN job_current AS jc
WHERE jc.title IN (‘Cook’, ‘Hairdresser’,
‘Waiter’, ‘Web Designer’, ‘Web Developer’)

 Result of the first query

 Outline 2
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 Challenges
 Subquery
 Noncorrelated subquery
 Correlated subquery
 Subqueries/INNER query
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 To accomplish what those two queries do with just one query we

need to add a subquery into the query.
 Subquery : is a query that is wrapped within another query.
 Anatomy of subquery
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 One subquery returns a scalar value (one column,

one row), which is then compared against the
columns in the WHERE clause
 Subquery – Example
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 Find last name, first name of people who live in city Memphis and state TN

 Can you solve it with INNER JOIN? Write the syntax

 SUB QUERY?
 Subquery – Example cont.
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 Find last name, first name of people who live in city Memphis and state
TN

 SUB QUERY?
 Subquery – Example cont.
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 Query : Find who makes the most money out all my contacts.
 Subquery – Example cont.
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 Query : Find who makes the most money out all my contacts.
 Try this yourself
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 Write query without using subquery for slide-

15(find who makes the most money)
 Hint : study with LIMIT/TOP
 A subquery as a SELECT column
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 A subquery can be used as one of the columns in a SELECT

statement
 it can only return one value from one column
 Example:

 Remember : subquery may only return one single value, so each time it
runs, a row is return
 RESULT
 Outline 2
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 Challenges
 Subquery
 Noncorrelated subquery
 Correlated subquery
 Noncorrelated and Correlated Subquery
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 Noncorrelated subquery: if the query stands alone and doesn’t

reference anything from the outer query
 A noncorrelated subquery with multiple values :
IN, NOT IN
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 A noncorrelated subquery uses IN or NOT IN to

test if the values returned in the subquery are
members of a set (or not)
 Example :
 Outline 2
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 Challenges
 Subquery
 Noncorrelated subquery
 Correlated subquery
 Correlated Subquery
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 Correlated subquery : the inner query relies on the

outer query before it can be resolved.
 Example:
 Correlated subquery with NOT EXISTS
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 A very common use for correlated subqueries is to find all the

rows in the outer query for which no rows exists in a related
table.
 Example : Find the first and the last names and email adresses
of the people from the my_contacts table who are not
currently listed in the job_current table
 SUBQUERY – SUMMARY
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 Thank You 
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