LAND POLLUTION By Group 9

PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
What is LAND POLLUTION?

Land pollution, the deposition of solid or liquid waste materials on

land or underground in a manner that can contaminate the soil and
groundwater, threaten public health, and cause unsightly conditions and
nuisances.

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It is the degradation of the earth's surface as
a result of human activity and waste. It is a
major problem around the world and is
caused by a variety of factors such as:

• deforestation and consequent erosion

• agriculture
• industry
• mining
• landfills and illegal dumping of waste
• urbanization and construction WOODGROVE 3
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Land Pollution
Land pollution causes the planet to
lose 24 billion tonnes of topsoil each
year

A 1995 study by a professor of ecology at

Cornell University revealed that 30% of the
world’s arable land was lost due to erosion
over the previous 40 years. The study also
found out that 2.5 cm of topsoil would take
about 200 to 1000 years to form.
 

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80% SLIDE
of the agriculture land in the
world affected by soil erosion
About 75 billion tons of soil worldwide gets
eroded every year by wind and water. Most of
the soil erosion takes place on agriculture land
due to non-sustainable agricultural practices.
 
70% of the world’s dryland has been
degraded
Facts for land pollution available in a 2008
factsheet by the UN, show that about 3.6
thousand million hectares of dryland have
been degraded. The USA lost 831 square
miles of the forest cover between 2001 –
2005.
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Land Pollutants
1. Deforestation and Soil Erosion

2. Agricultural Activities

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3. Mining Activities

4. Overcrowded Landfills

5. Industrialization

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6. Urbanization

7. Construction Activities

8. Nuclear Waste

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9. Sewage Treatment

10. Littering

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Residential Waste
Household waste, also known as domestic waste, is disposable
materials generated by households.

Examples of residential waste

1. Organic waste: kitchen waste, vegetables, flowers, leaves,
fruits.
2. Toxic waste: old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray
cans, fertilizer and pesticide containers, batteries, shoe
polish.
3. Recyclable: paper, glass, metals, plastics.
4. Soiled: hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and
other body fluids. WOODGROVE
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What are the effects of household waste?

It is defined as the fraction of waste, originated from

households, which contains corrosive, explosive,
flammable, toxic, ignitable, or reactive ingredients and is
difficult to dispose of or which put human health and the
environment at risk because of its bio-chemical nature.

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Disposal of Solid Waste

Disposal of Solid waste is the disposition and

placement of garbage that is not recycled.

Solid Wastes are garbage, construction debris,

commercial refuse, sludge from water supply or waste
treatment plants, or air pollution control facilities, and
other discarded materials. Solid waste can come from
industrial, commercial, mining, or agricultural
operations, and from household and community
activities.
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 Insert or Drag & Drop your photo

METHODS IN DISPOSAL
OF SOLID WASTE

1. Open Dumping
2. Ocean Dumping
3. Sanitary Landfill
4. Incineration
5. Composting
6. Recycling

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 1. Open Dumping

Simplest and most common way of disposing

garbage since it is deposited into an open area.
This system tends to cause serious problems in
health since flies, rats and other insects and animals
are present.
Also when the pile of dump is getting high,
residents burn to reduce its volume and it is one of
the biggest factor that affects the atmosphere.

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2. River and Ocean Dumping
Dumping involves depositing all the
waste materials from factories and
industries, tankers and ships and sewerage
waste materials into the oceans and seas.
People living near river banks and
seashores engage in the practice of
dumping solid garbage in rivers and seas.
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 3. SANITARY LANDFILL
This is filling depressed land surfaces with thin compacted
garbage and then covering it with compacted soil. This method
removes the unattractive and revolting sight of piles of rubbish,
which serve as a breeding ground for disease-carrying insects and
generate an awful odor.

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A good example of this is the Smokey Mountain of the City of
Manila.
Looking at it in another angle, there also exists some potential
hazards of land and water pollution particularly with poorly
planned, designed, compacted, and operated landfills.

BEFORE AFTER

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 4. Incineration
It is the burning of the combustible materials in properly
designed incineration in order to reduce solid wastes to a
minimum residue of ash.

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For example:
Hospitals and research facilities.

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Advantages:
• energy generation,
• lower carbon foot print,
• uses of more space, Decreases Quantity of Waste.
 
Disadvantages:
• continued of emission of toxic or hazardous pollutants,
• high expense,
• green house gases.
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PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT
It is where the Philippine government
bans the use of incinerator as it causes
environmental problems that can have
dangerous effects on human health.

-First modern pollution Law with a wide

range of policy approaches.
-1990 amendments developed because
many urban areas continue to violate
federal air quality standards.
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 5. COMPOSTING
Is a process of biochemical degradation of solid organic
waste materials and producing sanitary products.

There are three kinds: 

• Aerobic- is decomposition of organic matter using
microorganisms that require oxygen
• Anaerobic- Used for large scale waste management and
renewable energy generation, anaerobic decomposition
works slowly, without oxygen.
• Vermicomposting- worm composting, turns kitchen scraps
and other green waste into a rich, dark soil that smells
like earth and feels like magic.  WOODGROVE 30
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR BASIC MATERIALS YOU
NEED FOR COMPOSTING?
The composting process involves four main components: 
organic matter, moisture, oxygen, and bacteria

For example:
• Fruit scraps.
• Vegetable scraps
• Coffee grounds.

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Advantages:
• Improvements in soil quality,
• cheap soil conditioners,
• eco-friendly,
• less waste

Disadvantages:
• spread disease,
• unpleasant smell,
• not suitable for all kinds of organic waste.
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 REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE
The three R’s:

1. Reducing - lowering the amount 2. Reuse - is the use of products 3. Recycle - it is the process that
of waste produced through repeatedly rather than disposing the reintroduces used products into new
decreasing the consumption or product after one use. ones to save the resources and
to buy less products. energy.

Ex. Using of ice cream tupperwares as for

Ex. . Using of tumblers instead of plastic storage Ex. Used tires as chairs
bottle

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Recycling of industrial waste is a common
practice in many industries.

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In recycling operations, scrap materials from

different sources are collected.

Some lists of Recycling Centers in the Philippines:

1.Rubenori Incorporated
2.Sino-Nsh Used OIl Recycling & Purification
Equipment
3.Pdy Metal Recycling Junkshop
4.R.A.D. Junkshop
5.Nieves Recycled Scrap
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Reduce, reuse, recycle method is going toward “zero waste” that
will dramatically reduce the amount of trash sent for disposal.

Benefits of Reducing, Reusing, Recycling

1. Prevents pollution caused by reducing the need to harvest new raw

materials
2. Saves energy and money
3. Reduces greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global climate
change
4. Helps sustain the environment for future generations
5. Reduces the amount of waste that will need to be recycled or sent to
landfills and incinerators
6. Allows products to be used to their fullest extent
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 Resource production of waste is the first priority, and the
second priority is finding the highest and best use for each kind of
waste - a general agreement around the world on the best method
to manage municipal waste.
 

That is why the first thing that needs to do is to reduce the production
of waste. WOODGROVE 39
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Informal recycling sector plays an important role in most
developing countries like the Philippines.
The waste pickers or gatherers are the de facto recycling system in
the most part of the world.
Local authorities should seek cooperative arrangements with waste
gatherers to implement source separation and treatment organics.

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 Republic Act No. 9003 or the Philippine Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

Provides the legal agreement program that shall ensure

protection of public health and the environment. It emphasizes
the need to create the necessary mechanisms and incentives to
pursue an effective solid waste management at the local
government levels.
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SEGREGATION OF WASTES

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 Wall-E short for Waste Allocation Load Lifter Earth-
class, is the tale of a little robot left alone on earth to clean up
after humans literally trashed the place, then took off for a
comfy life in outer space, where their rapacious need for
consumption has turned them into blobs who can't stand and
move on their own.
WALL-E is a film with a very clear message: We make
and use too much stuff and if we keep going down this
path, eventually our planet be overwhelmed with toxicity
and threaten every life form to extinction.

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