SHAYAM LAL COLLEGE

EVENING
SHAHDARA
(University of Delhi)

SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO:

DR.MANISH KARMWAR
(ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR)
NAME : MAYANK SINGH RATHORE
(DEPARTMENT OF
ROLL NO. :6021 HISTORY)
(SHYAM LAL COLLEGE
COURSE :BA (POL. SCI. HONOURS) EVENING,SHAHDARA)
MOB:7011445326

GMAIL:DEVIGEETARATHORE6@GM
AIL.COM
 OBJECTIVEs :

1. To know how the political transition took place

after
Nehru & Sastri to Indira Gandhi ?

2• How a new Congress led by Indira Gandhi

emerges and she become dominant figure ?

3• Why was Emergency imposed? Was it

necessary?

4• How JP Movement, Railway Strike and

emergency shook india in the name name of
democracy ?

5• What were the consequences of Emergency ?

6• What are the lessons of Emergency for Indian

 SOURCES
1.Review of book ‘Emergency Retold by Kuldip Nayar’ on
www.livemint.com

2.In the name of democracy : JP Movement and the

Emergency- Bipin Chandra

3.Review of ‘The Sanjay Story : From Anand Bhavan To

Amethi by Vinod Mehta’ on www.freepressjournal.com

4.The Dramatic Decade : The Indira Gandhi Years by

Pranab Mukhrjee

5.Emergency Cronicles : Indira Gandhi and Democracy’s

Turning Point by Gyan Prakash

6.NCERT Class12th Chapter -5,6

7.www.topperlearning.com

8.www.thequint.com
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• Prime Minister of India from
1966 to 1977 and 1980 to 1984
• Daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru
• Participated in the freedom
struggle as a young Congress
worker
• Congress President in 1958
• Minister in Shastri’s cabinet
from 1964 to 1966
• Led the Congress Party to
victory
in the 1967, 1971 and 1980
general elections
• Introduced the slogan ‘Garibi
Hatao’
• Victory in the 1971 war
• Policy initiatives such as abolition
of Privy Purse, nationalisation of
banks, nuclear test and
environmental protection
• Assassinated on 31 October
1984

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 Social control of banks, nationalisation
of General Insurance, ceiling on urban
property and income, public
Indira Gandhi was challenged
distribution of food grains, land
not from the opposition but
reforms and provision of house sites
from within her own parties
to the rural poor

Syndicate had played a ‘Syndicate’ leaders formally

She launched a series of
role in the installation of approved this Left-wing
initiatives to give Left
Indira Gandhi as the programme but had serious
orientation
Prime Minister reservations too

She chose her trusted

Syndicates expected group of advisers from
Indira Gandhi to follow outside the party and
their advise sidelined syndicates

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IF we

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 Indira Gandhi emerged as the most popular leader after the 1971 elections.

 Party competition was bitter and polarized

 Indian politics became more personalized under the leadership of Indira

Gandhi.

 Government authority was converted to personal authority.

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• 1971, Congress slogan of Garibi Hatao.

• Heavy strain on Indian Economy after the Bangladesh crisis.

• Increase in oil prices after the war between India and Pakistan.

• Inflation rose in India.

• Low industrial growth and high unemployment.

• Failure of monsoon leading to decline in agricultural productivity.

• Student unrest all across the country against the government.

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• National Coordination Committee for Railway men Struggle was led by

George Fernandez.

• Strike by Indian railway workers in 1974.

• 20 day strike by 17 lakh workers.

• Workers demands were related to bonus and service conditions.

• Government declared the strike illegal.

• Protesters were arrested.

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The stage was now set for a big political confrontation

• After the Supreme Court verdict, the opposition party led by Jay Prakash

Narayan pressed for INDIRA GANDHI’s RESIGNATION

• Organized demonstration in Delhi’s Ramlila grounds on 25th June 1975

• Announced nationwide Satyagraha for her resignation.

• Asked army, government employees and the police ‘NOT TO OBEY ANY

ORDERS’

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• Strikes by opposition parties were banned.

• Leaders were put in jails.

• Government suspended Freedom of Press

• Press Censorship

• Banned Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Dal (RSS) and Jamal-e-Islami

• Federal Structure is suspended.

• Fundamental Rights of the citizens are suspended.

• Preventive Detention was used on a large scale.

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• Political workers who were not arrested in the 1st wave, went underground

and organized protests against the Government.

--Government did 42nd amendment ,make major changes include citizens

duties and now no court interrupt in election of President,Vice President and
PM.

• Newspapers like Indian Express and Statesmen protested against censorship

by leaving blank spaces instead of news items in the newspaper.

• Magazines like Seminar and Mainstream close down.

• Leaflets and letters items were written down to bypass censorship.

• Renowned leaders like Shivarama Karanath and Fanishwarnath Renu returned

prestigious awards like Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri.

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.

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 What happened during emergency?

The Shah Commission estimated that

nearly one lakh eleven thousand people
were arrested under preventive detention
laws. Severe restrictions were put on the
press, sometimes without proper legal
sanctions. The Shah Commission report
mentions that the General Manager of the
Delhi Power Supply Corporation received
verbal orders from the office of the Lt.
Governor of Delhi to cut electricity to all
newspaper presses at 2.00 a.m. on 26
June, 1975. Electricity was restored two to
three days later after the censorship
apparatus had been set up.
Sources: Shah Commission of Inquiry

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 Politics After Emergency

• 18 months after Emergency, in March 1977 fresh elections were held.

• Major opposition parties from pre-emergency time came together as Janata

Party to stand against the Congress.

• Jay Prakash Narayan was the leader of the party.

• Anti-Congress leaders also joined the new party.

• Emergency was the election referendum of Janata Party

• Campaign focused on the Democratic character of Indian politics.

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Mid-Term election of 1980

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