Thermochemistry

Determination of enthalpy
change

Bon Energy

• Ragriva
• Juan Fuel and Entalphy Change
• Rahel
• Ellen
 Determination of
enthalpy change

1. Calorimeter (based on consists of a bomb calorimeter

and simple
experiment)
measured using a
thermometer

q calorimeter = C.∆T
Ket :
- q : Total heat ( J )
q system = m.c.∆T
- m: Mass of substance (g)
- ∆T: Change in temperature ( °C or K )

- c: Specific heat ( J/g° C ) or ( J/K )

 Determination of
enthalpy change

1. Calorimeter (based on
experiment)

Problem example:
In a bomb calorimeter 0.6 grams of
methane gas (CH4) is reacted with excess
oxygen so that the reaction occurs:
CH4 (g) + 2O2(g) --> CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
There was an increase in temperature 1,
56° C. It is known that the heat capacity of
the calorimeter is 958 J/g °C. Determine
the heat of combustion of methane gas in
kJ/mol.
( Ar C = 12, H = 1)
 Determination of
enthalpy change

Example :
N2(g) + 3O2 (g) +H2 (g) --> 2HNO3 (aq) =
2. Hess's Law
∆- 207,1 KJ
“The same law even if it consists of one or N2O5(g) + H2O (g) --> 2HNO3 (aq) = ∆ +
many steps.” 218,5 KJ
2H2(g) + O2(g) --> 2H2O(g) = ∆ -286,4 KJ
∆H1 = ∆H2 + ∆H3 Calculate H for the following reaction
N2(g) + 5/2 O2(g) --> N2O5 (g) ......
Bond energy
1. Bond dissociation energy.
“Bonding is the energy required to break one mole bond into
gaseous molecular groups.”

Example:
• CH4 (g) --> CH3 (g) + H(g) ∆H : + 425 KJ/mol
• CH3 (g) --> CH2 (g) + H (g) ∆H : + 480 KJ/mol

From this example we can conclude that the type of bond is the
same but the group is different requiring different energies.
Bond energy
2. Average bond energy
“The average bond energy is the energy required to break a
molecular bond into ghost atoms.”

Example:
• CH4 (g) --> CH3 (g) + H(g) -->∆H= 425 KJ /mol
• CH3 (g) --> CH2 (g) + H(g) -->∆H= 480 KJ /mol
• CH2 (g) --> CH (g) + H(g) -->∆H= 425 KJ /mol
• CH (g) --> C (g) + H(g) -->∆H= 335 KJ /mol
Determine the average bond...
Bond energy
2. Average bond energy

Problems example:
Dik : E. Average bond
C-H : 413 kj/mol
C-C : 348 kj/mol
H-H : 438 kj/mol
C=C : 614 kj/mol
The magnitude of the enthalpy change for the reaction C2H4 + H2 -->
C2H6 is
 Fuel and
enthalpy change
“Fuel is a compound which when burned produces heat that can be
used for various purposes.”

Example of fuel: B bakar N kalor bakar

1. Fossil 1. Alcohol Gas atom 49
2. Petroleum 2. Hydrogen
3. Coal 3. Etc B bara 32
Bensin 48
Arang 34
kayu 18
Fuel and
enthalpy change

Problems example
For example, the price of charcoal is IDR 2,000 per kilo and the price of
LPG is IDR 6,000 per kilo The calorific value of burning charcoal is 34 KJ
per gram and the calorific value of burning LPG is 40 KJ/gram From this
information, it can be seen that the calorific value is cheaper between
charcoal and LPG, namely
 Fuel and
enthalpy change
1. The change in enthalpy (∆H) is the change in heat measured at constant pressure (q)
2. Henry Germain Hess said "the change in enthalpy of a reaction depends only on the
initial state (the reactants) and the final state (the products of the reaction) of a
reaction and does not depend on how is the reaction going
3. Bond dissociation energy is the energy required to break one mole of bonds of a gas
molecule into groups of gas molecules
4. The average bond energy is the average energy required to break a bond from all
bonds of a gas molecule into gas atoms.
5. Fuel is a compound which when burned produces heat that can be used for various
purposes.
6. An example of a fuel is fossil fuel, coal, alcohol, hydrogen
7. Keep on living even if it's complicated for you. Believe that happiness will come at the
right time.
 Thank you
for listening to us
God Bless Us