Four Basic Concept of

Mathematical Language
• Set 1

• Relation 2

3
• Function
4
• Binary
Operation
1. Set
• Set theory is the branch of Mathematics that studies sets or the
mathematical science of the infinite.
• George Cantor introduce the study of sets in 1870s.
• Sets is a well defined collection of objects are called the elements or
numbers of the set.

2 ways to represent sets;

• Roster Method also called tabulation method,is when the elements od
the set are enumerated and separated by a comma (,).
• Rule Method also called set builder notation, symbol written as {x|p(x)}.
• Finite set is a set whose elements are limited or countable.
example ( A = {1,2,3} )

• Unit set is a set only one element is called as singleton. On the contrary, the
unique set with no elements is called empty set (or null set), it is denoted by the
symbol { }

• Universal set contained all set under investigation,denoted by the symbol U.

• Cardinal Number is the number of elements or numbers in the set. Denoted by

n(A) where A is a set.
2. Relation

n y s e t of In mathematics, a relation R
t io n i sa r s . The form set x to set y is a subset
Ar e la n u m b e
dp a ir h e of XxY. If (x,y) € R, then we
o r d e r e a n d t
p a ir i ng a m e say that x is related to y.
co u p l e en t s n
o f s t u d are
in g k e n
pair u r se s ta
n d t h e co ti on.
a of r e l a
m p le
exa

• Relation is generally represented by a mapping diagram and

graph.
Relation Representation
3. Function
A function is a relation in which no
two ordered pairs have the same first
element.

A function associates each element in

its domain (x- value ) with one and
only one element in its range (y- value)
Domain it is a collection of the first values
in the ordered pairs (set of all input (x)
values )

Range it is a collection of the second

values in the oredered pairs ( set of all
output ( y) values )
 Student 1 2 3 4
Example :

Weight 120 100 150 130

The pairing of the student number and his corresponding weight is a

relation and can be written as a set of ordered pair numbers.

W= {(1,120),(2,100),(3,150),(4,130)}

The set of all first elements is the domain of the relation.

The domain of W= {1,2,3,4}

The set of second elements is the range of the relation.

The range of W= {120,100,150,130}
4. Binary
Operations

A binary operation on a set is a calculation involving two elements of

the set to produce another element of the set.

Addition ,subtraction,multiplication,division, exponential is same of

the binary operations.

A binary operation on a non-empty set A are functions from S to S.

The binary operation,*: SxS-->S. It is an operation of two elements of
the set whose domains and co-domains are in the same set.
• Additon ,substraction and • Subtraction and division are not
multiplication are binary binary operation on the set N
operations the set R of real since 1-2 € N and 2√3 € N.
numbers.

Let P be the set of all sets. The union (u)

and intersection (n) of sets are binary of
operations.
Properties of Binary
Operations
COMMUTATIVE
• A binary operation on a set S is
commutative if α*b=b*α for all
(α,b) E A (non-empty set).
• * is commutative if A α,b E S, α
*b= b*α.
Example: Let addition be the
operating binary operation for α= 8
and b= 9,,α + b = 17 = b +.
ASSOCIATIVE
• The associative property of binary
operation hold if, for a non empty set S, we
can write.
(a*b)* c = a *(b*c).
* is associative if A α,b,c,E S,α * (b*c) (α*b)
*c.
Example: Suppose N be the set of natural
numbers and multiplication be the binary
operation.
Let α=4, b=5,c=6. We can write
(αxb)xc=120=αx(bxc).
 Reporters Name

 Caldeo, April Joy

 Cañaberal, Irish Joy

 Cañaberal, Joylyn Mae

Thank you for listening!