Unit 5 States of Consciousness (2-4 %)
Module 22: Understanding
Consciousness and Hypnosis
⚫ Consciousness is our subjective awareness of ourselves and our
environment.
⚫ Dissociation in hypnosis allows some thoughts and behaviors to
occur simultaneously, it is a split in our consciousness.
⚫ Hypnosis is a social interaction in which one person (hypnotist)
suggests to another (subject) that certain perceptions, feelings,
thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.
⚫ Hypnosis can be used as a form of therapy know as posthypnotic
suggestion, which is used by clinicians to help control undesired
symptoms and behaviors. (obesity)
Module 23: Sleep Patterns and Sleep Theories
⚫Sleep is….. a ⚫How does our body
periodic natural loss know to fall asleep at
of consciousness night?
⚫Circadian rhythm
⚫As distinct which is our biological
unconsciousness as clock; our body rhythms
being in a coma or that occur on a 24-hour
anesthesia. cycle.
REM Sleep vs. NREM Sleep
REM Sleep NREM Sleep
⚫Is rapid eye movement ⚫ Is non rapid eye movement sleep; it has 3
stages
sleep; the sleep stage in ⚫ NREM -1 : first stage of sleep where you
may experience hallucinations (seeing
which our most vivid something that isn't there) and
hypnagogic sensations (feeling of
dreams occur falling).
⚫ NREM-2: second stage of sleep where you
⚫Our muscles are could be awaken easily but are clearly
asleep.
relaxed but our other ⚫ NREM-3: third stage of sleep is our deep
body systems are sleep called slow wave sleep because of
the large slow brain waves associated with
active. (Body paralysis) the sleep (delta waves) Last about 90
minutes!
Sleep Patterns & Why We Sleep
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus 5 reasons we sleep
(SCN) ⚫ [Link] protects (before artificial light this helped us
determine when to stay in)
⚫ Cell clusters in the Hypothalamus ⚫ 2. Sleep helps us recuperate (helps restore
that control circadian rhythm. immune system, brain tissue, and damaged
neurons)
⚫ In response to light the SCN ⚫ 3. Helps restore fading memories of the
causes the pineal gland to adjust days events (moves short term memory from the
melatonin production which hippocampus to the cortex)
modifies our feeling of sleepiness. ⚫ 4. Feeds creative thinking
⚫ More melatonin at the beginning ⚫ 5. Supports growth (during our deepest sleep
is when our pituitary gland releases growth
of the night/ less at the end. hormones)
Module 24: Sleep Deprivation,
Sleep Disorders, and Dreams
Insomnia
⚫Is recurring problems in
falling or staying asleep
⚫Higher blood pressure
⚫Lower muscle growth
⚫Depression
⚫Weakened immune
system
Narcolepsy
⚫Sleep disorder
characterized by
uncontrollable sleep
attacks.
⚫May go directly into REM
sleep at inopportune
times. (movie theater/
ball games)
Sleep Apnea
⚫Sleep disorder
characterized by
temporary cessations of
breathing during sleep
and repeated
momentary awakenings.
⚫Stop breathing, it wakes
you up.
Night Terrors
⚫ Occur mostly in children.
⚫ Occur in NREM-3 of sleep,
within 2-3 hours of being
asleep.
⚫ Are seldom remembered
⚫ May sit up, be talking, or
found walking around in a
terrified state.
A dream is……
⚫ Images, emotions, and thoughts
passing through a sleeping person's
mind.
⚫ Dreams are broken up into 2
categories..
⚫ Manifest content which
according to Freud is what you
remember of the dream
⚫ Latent content which
according to Freud is the
underlying meaning of the
dream
REM Rebound
⚫The tendency for REM
sleep to increase
following REM sleep
deprivation.
Module 25: Psychoactive Drugs
Psychoactive Drug Terms
⚫A psychoactive drug is a chemical substance that alters
perceptions and moods.
⚫Substance use disorder is a disorder in which
substance craving and use continue despite life
disruption and/or physical risk.
⚫Tolerance is the diminishing effect with the regular dose and
you now must take a larger dose to feel a similar effect.
⚫Withdrawal the discomfort and distress that follow
discontinuing and addictive drug.
Depressants
⚫ Drugs that reduce neural activity
and slow body functions.
⚫ Alcoholism: alcohol use marked
by tolerance, withdrawal, and
drive to continue even if
problematic.
⚫ Barbiturates: drugs that depress
CNS activity, reduce anxiety but
impair memory and judgment.
⚫ Opiates: depress neural activity,
temporarily lessening pain and
anxiety.
Stimulants
⚫ Excite the neural activity and speed up
body functions.
⚫ Nicotine: stimulating, highly
addictive psychoactive drug.
⚫ Cocaine: from the coca plant;
produces temporarily increased
alertness and euphoria.
⚫ Amphetamines: stimulate neural
activity; causing accelerated body
functions and associated energy and
mood change.
⚫ Methamphetamine: stimulates the
CNS; overtime reduces baseline
dopamine levels.
Hallucinogens
⚫ Are psychedelic drugs, that distort
perceptions and evoke sensory images in
the absence of sensory input.
⚫ Ecstasy (MDMA): synthetic
stimulant and mild hallucinogen,
produces euphoria but with long
term effect on serotonin producing
neurons.
⚫ LSD: powerful hallucinogenic.
⚫ THC: triggers a variety of effects,
considered a mild hallucinations.
Unit 5 Quiz
You will have the rest of this class period and the next class period to
complete the Module Review questions for Modules 22-25 and use
your time to study them for your first quiz. 20 point quiz grade!
⚫ Module 22 questions are on pg. 229 (4 questions)
⚫ Module 23 questions are on pg. 239 ( 5 questions)
⚫ Module 24 questions are on pg. 252 (5 questions)
⚫ Module 25 questions are on pg. 265 (5 questions)
You can ask me following each module if your questions are correct or
you can ask me when you have completed all 4 modules.
