Theatre and films

II
B haratendu and his plays

207131 Kriti
Desarla
207135 Mansi
207140 NamanJain
Sethiya
207153 Ridhima
Kothari
 Flow of the
• presentation
Literary contribution
• Subsequent plays -
1. Prem Yogini
2. Bharat Durdasha, 1875
3. Niladevi, 1881
4. Andheri Nagari
 Literary
•Contribution
Bharatendu Harishchandra: The poet-playwright who planted the roots
of Hindi nationalism and the one who gave birth to contemporary Hindi.
• Bharatendu composed six plays and had approximately 14 poetry
collections published.
• Bharatendu revived theatre as a literary genre in Hindi, harmonised
disparate dramatic forms, and set the foundations for the amateur stage
during his comparatively limited literary career of 18 years (1867-1885).
• The agonies of the masses, poverty, reliance, brutal exploitation, the
restlessness of the middle class, and the desire for the country's
prosperity are all represented in Bharatendu Harishchandra's writings.
 Nilade
vi
● Niladevi was written by Harish Chandra in 1881.
● In Niladevi, Bhartendu talked about fanatic Muslims who claimed to
spread Islam by treachery, luxuriant Muslim rulers who adopted
unrighteous war policy, those who stole Islam on the strength of
atrocities and thanked God for success, Qazi’s and Sardars has been
taken down.
● The plight of India has been described poignantly in this theatrical
composition.
● The strong spirit of protecting Hindu Dharma was present in the
writers of that era.
 Bharat
Durdasha
● In the play, Bharatendu highlights
India using imaginary symbols.
the pathetic situation of contemporary

● He represented the agonies of the people, country's poverty, inhuman

exploitation, unrest of middle class and the urge for the progress of country at
the time of British rule.
● Satire is the main feature of the play and it’s based upon Veer, Shringara and
Karuna Rasa.
● The play gave sparkles of national awakening in Hindi Theatre during British
Rule.
● Performances were held occasionally in members' residences or within the
few auditoriums that existed.
● Bharatendu's plays usually were performed at his occupancy and in the court
of the Maharaja of Banaras.
● One of the inherent characteristics of the stage where performance is made
is, its use as a pulpit from where ideas and value systems are disseminated.
 Andheri
Nagari
• Dark City is another name for Andheri Nagri.
• The play depicts an imaginary uncontrolled city in which a foolish
raja is mocked via a series of fast-paced roguish occurrences, giving
a blatant mockery of authoritarian leadership.
• Andheri Nagri's rise to prominence in the theatre began in the
1970s.
• The edition of this play is focused on the younger generation.
 Prem
Yogini
• The action is carried out on two levels: 1) to alleviate enmity and bitterness
among the brothers as a result of a property-sharing misunderstanding, and
2) to expose the wicked activities and hypocrisies performed in the name of
religion in sacred Kashi.
• The true sense of honesty and sincerity prevails throughout, and the
dramatist has never been able to be so honest in any of his other works.
• It features dialogue in two languages: Hindi and Marathi.
• The characters as well as the lectures on scriptures, have all depicted how
hunger dogged them and how they were always thinking about finding food.
Thank You